加入收藏  设为首页
 
Home | 中文  
   Home   |   About Journal   |   Editorial Board   |   Instruction   |   Rewarded   |   Indexed-in   |   Impect Factor   |   Subscriptions   |   Contacts Us
News

ScholarOne Manuscripts Log In

User ID:

Password:

Forgot your password?

Enter your e-mail address to receive an
e-mail with your account information.

  Journal Online
    Current Issue
    Advanced Search
    Archive
    Read Articles
    Download Articles
    Email Alert
    
Links  
22 CAST
22 CNCOS
22 CNKI
22 WanfangDATA
22 CHEMSOC
22 sinospectroscopy
22 CPS
Quick Search  
  Adv Search
2021 Vol. 41, No. 06
Published: 01 June 2021

 
1661 Research Progress in Identification and Detection of Fungi Based on SERS Spectroscopy
LI Ling, HE Xin-yu, LI Shi-fang, GE Chuang, XU Yi
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1661-08
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1661-1668 [Abstract] ( 294 ) RICH HTML PDF (3800 KB)  ( 182 )
1669 Research Progress of Terahertz Metamaterial Biosensors
YANG Jun,QI Li-mei,WU Li-qin,LAN Feng,LAN Chu-wen,TAO Xiang,LIU Zi-yu
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1669-09
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1669-1677 [Abstract] ( 616 ) RICH HTML PDF (7453 KB)  ( 370 )
1678 Study on Terahertz Absorption Characteristics of Water Based on Microfluidic Technology
WANG Guo-yang, BAI Zhi-chen, WANG Jia-hui, SU Bo, ZHANG Cun-lin
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1678-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1678-1682 [Abstract] ( 309 ) RICH HTML PDF (2032 KB)  ( 390 )
1683 Terahertz Transmission Characteristics of Water Induced by Electric Field
CAI Yan, WANG Jia-hui, BAI Zhi-chen, SU Bo, WU Rui, CUI Hai-lin, ZHANG Cun-lin
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1683-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1683-1687 [Abstract] ( 256 ) RICH HTML PDF (2230 KB)  ( 81 )
1688 Polarizability Measurements for Salicylic Acid Embedded in Polymer Matrix Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy
ZHANG Tian-yao, ZHANG Zhao-hui, ZHAO Xiao-yan, WEI Qing-yang, CAO Can, YU Yang, LI Ying, LI Xing-yue
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1688-07
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1688-1694 [Abstract] ( 199 ) RICH HTML PDF (4109 KB)  ( 69 )
1695 Ultrafast Dynamics Investigation on Alizarin by Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
QIN Chao-chao, LIU Hua, ZHOU Zhong-po
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1695-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1695-1700 [Abstract] ( 304 ) RICH HTML PDF (2629 KB)  ( 439 )
1701 Spectroscopic Studies on the Interaction Between Salvianolic Acid B and Bovine Serum Albumin
ZHANG Chuan-ying, PENG Xin, RAO Heng-jun, QI Wei, SU Rong-xin, HE Zhi-min
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1701-07
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1701-1707 [Abstract] ( 254 ) RICH HTML PDF (4081 KB)  ( 71 )
1708 Reconstruction of Stack Plume Based on Imaging Differential Absorption Spectroscopy and Compressed Sensing
ZHONG Ming-yu, ZHOU Hai-jin, SI Fu-qi, WANG Yu, DOU Ke, SU Jing-ming
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1708-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1708-1712 [Abstract] ( 209 ) RICH HTML PDF (2985 KB)  ( 65 )
1713 Study on Simultaneous Classification of Hardwood and Softwood Species Based on Spectral and Image Characteristics
WANG Cheng-kun, ZHAO Peng
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1713-09
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1713-1721 [Abstract] ( 280 ) RICH HTML PDF (5605 KB)  ( 139 )
1722 Sensitive Bands Selection and Nitrogen Content Monitoring of Rice Based on Gaussian Regression Analysis
WANG Jiao-jiao, SONG Xiao-yu, MEI Xin, YANG Gui-jun, LI Zhen-hai, LI He-li, MENG Yang
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1722-08
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1722-1729 [Abstract] ( 285 ) RICH HTML PDF (3841 KB)  ( 112 )
1730 Chlorophyll Content Estimation of Jujube Leaves Based on GWLS-SVR Model
Nigela Tuerxun, Sulei Naibi, GAO Jian, SHEN Jiang-long, ZHENG Jiang-hua, YU Dan-lin
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1730-07
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1730-1736 [Abstract] ( 267 ) RICH HTML PDF (3317 KB)  ( 128 )
1737 A Comparative Study on Roujean and Ross Li Models of Winter Jujube in South Xinjiang Under Different Outdoor Light
SUO Yu-ting, LUO Hua-ping, LIU Jin-xiu, LI Wei, CHEN Chong, XU Jia-yi, WANG Chang-xu
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1737-08
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1737-1744 [Abstract] ( 235 ) RICH HTML PDF (4863 KB)  ( 64 )
1745 Velocity Measurement Technology of Supersonic Flow Field Based on Spontaneous Emission Spectrum
QI Xin-hua, CHEN Li, YAN Bo, MU Jin-he, CHEN Shuang, ZHOU Jiang-ning
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1745-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1745-1750 [Abstract] ( 224 ) RICH HTML PDF (4923 KB)  ( 67 )
1751 Vehicle Exhaust Detection Method Based on Portable FTIR
QU Li-guo, LIU Jian-guo, XU Liang, XU Han-yang, JIN Ling, DENG Ya-song, SHEN Xian-chun, SHU Sheng-quan
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1751-07
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1751-1757 [Abstract] ( 274 ) RICH HTML PDF (6520 KB)  ( 148 )
1758 A Neural Network Recognition Method for Garnets Subclass Based on Hyper Spectroscopy
LIU Ting-yue, DAI Jing-jing, TIAN Shu-fang
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1758-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1758-1763 [Abstract] ( 228 ) RICH HTML PDF (2288 KB)  ( 209 )
1764 Thermal-Infrared Spectroscopy of Garnet Minerals
DAI Jing-jing, ZHAO Long-xian, WANG Hai-yu
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1764-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1764-1768 [Abstract] ( 204 ) RICH HTML PDF (2633 KB)  ( 207 )
1769 Experimental Study on the Effect of Observation Angle on Thermal Infrared Spectral Unmixing of Rock
LI Tian-zi, LIU Shan-jun, SONG Liang, WANG Dong, HUANG Jian-wei, YU Mo-li
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1769-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1769-1774 [Abstract] ( 191 ) RICH HTML PDF (2809 KB)  ( 53 )
1775 Inversion Method for Cellulose Content of Rice Stem in Northeast Cold Region Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy
XU Bo, XU Tong-yu, YU Feng-hua, ZHANG Guo-sheng, FENG Shuai, GUO Zhong-hui, ZHOU Chang-xian
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1775-07
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1775-1781 [Abstract] ( 209 ) RICH HTML PDF (4590 KB)  ( 122 )
1782 Least Angle Regression Combined With Competitive Adaptive Re-Weighted Sampling for NIR Spectral Wavelength Selection
LU Hao-xiang, ZHANG Jing, LI Ling-qiao, LIU Zhen-bing, YANG Hui-hua, FENG Yan-chun, YIN Li-hui
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1782-07
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1782-1788 [Abstract] ( 309 ) RICH HTML PDF (2102 KB)  ( 93 )
1789 Iterative Interval Backward Selection Algorithm and Its Application in Calibration Transfer of Near Infrared Spectra
ZHENG Kai-yi, FENG Yu-hang, ZHANG Wen, HUANG Xiao-wei, LI Zhi-hua, ZHANG Di, SHI Ji-yong, ZOU Xiao-bo
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1789-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1789-1794 [Abstract] ( 179 ) RICH HTML PDF (3599 KB)  ( 57 )
1795 A Mid-Infrared Wavelength Selection Method Based on the Impact Value of Variables and Population Analysis
ZHANG Feng, TANG Xiao-jun, TONG Ang-xin, WANG Bin, TANG Chun-rui, WANG Jie
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1795-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1795-1799 [Abstract] ( 206 ) RICH HTML PDF (2193 KB)  ( 47 )
1800 Non-Destructive Detection of Male and Female Information of Early Duck Embryos Based on Visible/Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Deep Learning
LI Qing-xu, WANG Qiao-hua, MA Mei-hu, XIAO Shi-jie, SHI Hang
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1800-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1800-1805 [Abstract] ( 336 ) RICH HTML PDF (3474 KB)  ( 176 )
1806 Fast Identification of Hazardous Liquids Based on Raman Spectroscopy
NAN Di-na, DONG Li-qiang, FU Wen-xiang, LIU Wei-wei, KONG Jing-lin
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1806-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1806-1810 [Abstract] ( 329 ) RICH HTML PDF (2729 KB)  ( 148 )
1811 Study on Erythrocyte Sublethal Damage Under Different Shear Stress Based on Raman Spectroscopy
WANG Jin-shuang, FU Ying-ying, FU Min-rui, GAO Bin, ZHENG Da-wei, CHANG Yu
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1811-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1811-1815 [Abstract] ( 242 ) RICH HTML PDF (3223 KB)  ( 51 )
1816 Connection of Absorption and Raman Enhancement Characteristics of Different Types of Ag Nanoparticles
ZHANG Can, ZHANG Jie, DOU Xin-yi, ZHU Yong
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1816-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1816-1820 [Abstract] ( 334 ) RICH HTML PDF (4046 KB)  ( 186 )
1821 The Forming Mechanism of Surface Morphology of Nanostructures and Its Effect on Graphene Raman Spectra
SUN Ning, CHEN Jun-fan, ZHANG Jie, ZHU Yong
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1821-07
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1821-1827 [Abstract] ( 180 ) RICH HTML PDF (4212 KB)  ( 56 )
1828 Investigation of a High-Pressure Pressed Powder Pellet Covered With Polyester Film Technique for the Determination of Chlorine in Soil and Sediment by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
BO Wei, LI Xiao-li, DU Xue-miao, LIU Bin, ZHANG Qin, BAI Jin-feng
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1828-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1828-1833 [Abstract] ( 205 ) RICH HTML PDF (1359 KB)  ( 189 )
1834 μ-XRF Analysis and Data Mining of Deep-Sea Co-Rich Ferromanganese Nodules in Western Pacific
REN Jiang-bo, WANG Fen-lian, HE Gao-wen, ZHANG Xin, DENG Xi-guang, YU Hong-xia
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1834-07
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1834-1840 [Abstract] ( 207 ) RICH HTML PDF (5477 KB)  ( 152 )
1841 Study on Alumina/Cerium Oxide X-Ray Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy
WANG Yi, LI Chang-rong, ZENG Ze-yun,XI Zuo-bing, ZHUANG Chang-ling
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1841-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1841-1845 [Abstract] ( 522 ) RICH HTML PDF (1848 KB)  ( 348 )
1846 Study on Measurement of Mercury Ion in Water by Thiamine-Fluorescence Excitation-Emission Matrix
JULDEZ Nurlan, SHEN Jian, LENG Xiao-ting, CHAI Yi-di, WANG Shi-feng, HU Yuan, CUI Hao-yue, WU Jing
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1846-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1846-1851 [Abstract] ( 231 ) RICH HTML PDF (3599 KB)  ( 42 )
1852 Research on Estimation of Oil-Water Ratio of Light Oil Emulsion Based on Fluorescence Spectroscopy
YUAN Li, WANG Li-bin, JIAO Hui-hui
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1852-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1852-1857 [Abstract] ( 208 ) RICH HTML PDF (2658 KB)  ( 51 )
1858 Impacts Analysis of Typical Spectral Absorption Models on Geostationary Millimeter Wave Atmospheric Radiation Simulation
CHEN Hao, WANG Hao, HAN Wei, GU Song-yan, ZHANG Peng, KANG Zhi-ming
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1858-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1858-1862 [Abstract] ( 240 ) RICH HTML PDF (3416 KB)  ( 51 )
1863 Photoluminescence and Radioluminescence of Tb3+ Ion-Doped Lithium Aluminosilicate Glasses
CHEN Yan-ping, LUO De-li, HUANG Bin, CHENG Hao, TANG Xian-chen, LI Qiang, LEI Hong-bo, CHEN Dan-ping
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1863-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1863-1868 [Abstract] ( 240 ) RICH HTML PDF (3165 KB)  ( 64 )
1869 Optimization of IBBCEAS Spectral Retrieval Range Based on Machine Learning and Genetic Algorithm
LING Liu-yi, HUANG You-rui, WANG Chen-jun, HU Ren-zhi, LI Ang, XIE Pin-hua
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1869-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1869-1873 [Abstract] ( 264 ) RICH HTML PDF (3867 KB)  ( 94 )
1874 Diagnosis of Atmospheric Pressure Helium Cryogenic Plasma Jet
SONG Peng, LI Zheng-kai, CHEN Lei, WANG Xiao-fang, LONG Wu-qiang, ZENG Wen
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1874-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1874-1879 [Abstract] ( 233 ) RICH HTML PDF (3021 KB)  ( 265 )
1880 Spectral Feature Construction and Sensitivity Analysis of Water Quality Parameters Remote Sensing Inversion
WANG Xin-hui, GONG Cai-lan, HU Yong, LI Lan, HE Zhi-jie
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1880-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1880-1885 [Abstract] ( 268 ) RICH HTML PDF (4064 KB)  ( 104 )
1886 Evaluation Method for Damage Degree of Light Sources Used to Lighting Colorful Cultural Relics Based on Spectrum Analysis
ZHAO Kai-qing, DANG Rui
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1886-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1886-1890 [Abstract] ( 219 ) RICH HTML PDF (2481 KB)  ( 55 )
1891 Retrieving Corn Canopy Leaf Area Index Based on Sentinel-2 Image and PROSAIL Model Parameter Calibration
SU Wei, WU Jia-yu, WANG Xin-sheng, XIE Zi-xuan, ZHANG Ying, TAO Wan-cheng, JIN Tian
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1891-07
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1891-1897 [Abstract] ( 258 ) RICH HTML PDF (3412 KB)  ( 76 )
1898 Application of Hyperspectral Imaging in the Diagnosis of Acanthopanax Senticosus Black Spot Disease
ZHAO Sen, FU Yun, CUI Jiang-nan, LU Ye, DU Xu-dong, LI Yong-liang
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1898-07
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1898-1904 [Abstract] ( 197 ) RICH HTML PDF (4355 KB)  ( 184 )
1905 Hyperspectral Estimation Model of Soil Organic Matter Content Using Generative Adversarial Networks
HE Shao-fang, SHEN Lu-ming, XIE Hong-xia
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1905-07
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1905-1911 [Abstract] ( 271 ) RICH HTML PDF (1251 KB)  ( 81 )
1912 Study on Inversion Model of Chlorophyll Content in Soybean Leaf Based on Optimal Spectral Indices
LIU Shuang, YU Hai-ye, ZHANG Jun-he, ZHOU Hai-gen, KONG Li-juan, ZHANG Lei, DANG Jing-min, SUI Yuan-yuan
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1912-08
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1912-1919 [Abstract] ( 331 ) RICH HTML PDF (7635 KB)  ( 95 )
1920 Gemmological and Spectroscopic Studies of the Jade Looked Like “Frozen Matrix” Chicken-Blood Stone
CHEN Qian, CHEN Tao, XU Xing, KANG Bin-yan, ZHENG Jin-yu, LI Meng-yang
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1920-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1920-1924 [Abstract] ( 219 ) RICH HTML PDF (4111 KB)  ( 71 )
1925 Determination of Available Boron in Soil by ICP-OES With Boiling Water Extraction
ZHANG Peng-peng, HU Meng-ying, XU Jin-li, CHEN Wei-ming, GU Xue, ZHANG Ling-huo, BAI Jin-feng, ZHANG Qin
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1925-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1925-1929 [Abstract] ( 366 ) RICH HTML PDF (926 KB)  ( 557 )
1930 SVD-ANFIS Model for Predicting the Content of Heavy Metal Lead in Corn Leaves Using Hyperspectral Data
HAN Qian-qian, YANG Ke-ming, LI Yan-ru, GAO Wei, ZHANG Jian-hong
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1930-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1930-1935 [Abstract] ( 222 ) RICH HTML PDF (2221 KB)  ( 60 )
1936 Study on the Mineral Composition and Spectral Characteristics of “Bumblebee Stone”
LIU Jia-jun, LUO Jie, YUE Su-wei, XU Ya-lan
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1936-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1936-1941 [Abstract] ( 396 ) RICH HTML PDF (3091 KB)  ( 94 )
1942 Coal and Rock Identification Method Based on Hyper Spectral Feature Absorption Peak
WEI Ren, XU Liang-ji, MENG Xue-ying, WU Jian-fei, ZHANG Kun
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1942-07
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1942-1948 [Abstract] ( 269 ) RICH HTML PDF (3748 KB)  ( 341 )
1949 Study on the Production Technology of Baihuimian From Suyang Site
SUN Tian-qiang, WEI Guo-feng, CHENG Bao-zeng, REN Guang
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1949-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1949-1954 [Abstract] ( 267 ) RICH HTML PDF (3191 KB)  ( 43 )
1955 Rapid Classification and Identification of Plastic Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy With Principal Component Analysis and Support Vector Machine
LIU Jun-an, LI Jia-ming, ZHAO Nan, MA Qiong-xiong, GUO Liang, ZHANG Qing-mao
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1955-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1955-1960 [Abstract] ( 267 ) RICH HTML PDF (2972 KB)  ( 454 )
1961 Application Prospect of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Disease Diagnosis
ZHANG Kun, XU Zong-wei, CHEN Chuan-song, FANG Feng-zhou
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1961-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1961-1965 [Abstract] ( 306 ) RICH HTML PDF (1060 KB)  ( 96 )
1966 Dark-Field Confocal Brillouin Spectrum Detection System
NING Ying, WU Han-xu, XU Meng, QIU Li-rong, ZHAO Wei-qian, NI He
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1966-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1966-1970 [Abstract] ( 221 ) RICH HTML PDF (1663 KB)  ( 46 )
1971 Spectroscopic Characterizations of Metal-Complexes of 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid With the Ni(Ⅱ), Mn(Ⅱ), and Cu(Ⅱ) Ions
Samar O. Aljazzar
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1971-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1971-1975 [Abstract] ( 175 ) RICH HTML PDF (1661 KB)  ( 52 )
1976 Spectroscopic Investigations for the Six New Synthesized Complexes of Fluoroquinolones and Quinolones Drugs With Nickel(Ⅱ) Metal Ion: Infrared and Electronic Spectroscopy
Samar O. Aljazzar
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1976-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1976-1981 [Abstract] ( 170 ) RICH HTML PDF (1866 KB)  ( 47 )
1982 Synthesis, Structural, Spectroscopic Characterization and Biological Properties of the Zn(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ), Co(Ⅱ), and Mn(Ⅱ) Complexes With the Widely Used Herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
Lamia A. Albedair
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1982-06
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1982-1987 [Abstract] ( 172 ) RICH HTML PDF (784 KB)  ( 52 )
1988 Synthesis and Structural Characterizations of Ternary Iron(Ⅱ) Mixed Ligand Complex: Low Cost Materialsas a Precursor for Preparation of Nanometric Fe2O3 Oxide
Khaled Althubeiti
DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)06-1988-05
2021 Vol. 41 (06): 1988-1992 [Abstract] ( 187 ) RICH HTML PDF (1846 KB)  ( 83 )