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2005 Vol. 25, No. 11 Published: 2005-11-26

光谱学与光谱分析

	1745	Spectral Colorimetric Correction of Full View Color Images in a Real Scene Measurement System
		TANG Xian-wu, DING Hai-shu^*
		In the three dimensional multiple modalities scanning real scene measurement system, a color linear CCD was used to obtain the one dimensional linear color information of the scene. Successive one dimensional color images of different angles were patched to constitute the full view color image. If the color image is displayed directly on the color cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor of a computer, colorimetric distortion will occur. Colorimetric correction is then needed. Through the spectral colorimetric correction, the color image displayed on the color CRT monitor is mauched with the original scene in the colorimetric sense.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1745-1748 [Abstract] ( 2010 ) PDF (962 KB) ( 441 )

	1749	Study of OSL Property of Electron Trapping Material with Differential Absorption Spectra
		SUN Li, WANG Yong-sheng, HE Zhi-yi, MENG Xian-guo
		A method, which makes use of difference of absorption in different stages of excitation process, is introduced to get more information about optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) properties of electron trapping materials (ETM). Absorption spectra of excited ETM contain all absorption of various traps (defects) together. So, the difference between absorption spectra before and after excitation (differential absorption) not only acts as the same as stimulation spectra, but also provides more information, such as holes stimulation, total volume of optical storage, etc. This method is helpful in studying OSL properties.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1749-1752 [Abstract] ( 1118 ) PDF (807 KB) ( 632 )

	1753	Photoelectron Time-Resolved Spectrum and Phosphor Spectrum of Luminescent Material ZnO by Microwave Absorption Method
		DONG Guo-yi, DOU Jun-hong, GE Shi-yan, LIN Lin, ZHENG Yi-bo, WEI Zhi-ren
		The process of decay of photo-generated electrons in the conduction band of ZnO:Zn and ZnO powder materials after excitation with a ultra-short pulse laser has been investigated in this paper by microwave absorption method. The excitation and emission spectra of ZnO:Zn were measured at room temperature. It was measured that the lifetime of photoelectrons in the materials ZnO and ZnO:Zn are 64 ns and 336 ns respectively. It is believed that the increase of the lifetime in the material of ZnO:Zn is due to the prolong of relaxation time caused by the defect structure in the material.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1753-1755 [Abstract] ( 1691 ) PDF (805 KB) ( 542 )

	1756	Study on Rare Earth Doped Long Luminescence Glass
		ZHANG Xi-yan,MI Xiao-yun,XIAO Zhi-yi,LIU Quan-sheng
		A luminosilicate glass samples doped with Eu₂O₃ and Dy₂O₃ were prepared under the air and reducing atmosphere respectively. The excitation spectra, emission spectra and thermal luminescence spectra of the samples prepared under different atmosphere were measured. Luminescence mechanism of the afterglow glasses was analyzed. The results showed that the sample prepared under an ambient atmosphere has no afterglow. Its excitation and emission spectra showed the typical transitions of ⁵D_i(i=0, 1)→⁷F_j(j=0-4) from Eu³⁺ but the sample reheated at a reducing atmosphere has afterglow. The sample doped with Eu²⁺ shows luminescence peaking at 462 nm. And the sample codoped with Eu²⁺and Dy³⁺ shows luminescence peaking at 457 nm. The afterglow luminescence can last more than 12 h.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1756-1759 [Abstract] ( 1152 ) PDF (839 KB) ( 496 )

	1760	Study on Luminescence Properties of Eu²⁺ in (Sr, Ca)₄Si₃O₈Cl₄ Host Lattice
		SUN Jia-yue, XIA Zhi-guo, DU Hai-yan
		Alkali earth chlorosilicate of the type Sr_4-xCa_xSi₃O₈Cl₄ was synthesized through the high temperature solid state method. According to the Van Uitert experimental equation, luminescence properties and crystal-lattice environment of Eu²⁺ in Sr_4-xCa_xSi₃O₈Cl₄ crystal were discussed. The possibilities of two Eu²⁺ emission centers, viz. blue and greenish-yellow centers, were found and their corresponding relationships with spectra were also discussed. When the doping amount of calcium(x) varied between 0 and 0.5, Ca²⁺ ions were embedded in the host lattice of Sr₄Si₃O₈Cl₄, and the luminescence of blue center, which was ascribed to the emission of Eu²⁺ that substituted the octa-coordination Sr²⁺ sites, dominated and showed blue-green luminescence. Sr_4-xCa_xSi₃O₈Cl₄：yEu²⁺ exhibited greenish-yellow luminescence when the range of x was between 0.5 and 2. This was due to the fact that the Eu²⁺ emission originated from the formation of an impurity-trapped exciton state. Greenish-yellow emission center was located in the impurity-trapped exciton state which was the lowest excited state of this system, and the Eu²⁺ emission was at long wavelengths，and a large Stokes shift was observed.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1760-1763 [Abstract] ( 331 ) PDF (854 KB) ( 392 )

	1764	Influence of Different Sol-Gel Systems on the Luminescence of Nanocrystalline ZnO Powders
		GUO Shu-xia, ZHANG Zhong-suo, ZHANG Xing-tang, ZHAO Hui-ling, LI Yun-cai, HUANG Ya-bin, DU Zu-liang^*
		ZnO nanopowders were prepared by the sol-gel techniques with two kinds of solvent. Microstructure of the powder samples was examined by XRD and TEM. The results indicate that two ZnO samples have the same crystal and energy band structure. Their photoluminescence (PL) spectra in the ultraviolet region are analogous, but their photoluminescence (PL) spectra in the visible region are different. The reason is that two kinds of solvent with different polarity result in the difference in configuration and distribution of the sample surface states in the two systems.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1764-1767 [Abstract] ( 1144 ) PDF (897 KB) ( 764 )

	1768	Non-Invasive Determination of the Optical Properties of Neonatal Brain
		ZHAO Jun¹, DING Hai-shu^1*，HOU Xin-lin², ZHOU Cong-le²
		The absorption and reduced scattering parameters of tissue can provide information on a variety of physiologic processes. In the present paper, the local optical properties of 23 infant foreheads were measured with a two-wavelength (788 and 832 nm) portable frequency-domain NIR spectroscopic techinque, based on a standard reference phantom with known optical properties. The single source-detector separation is 40 mm. The cerebral blood volume and tissue oxygen saturation were also derived from the measured absorption coefficients.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1768-1771 [Abstract] ( 1028 ) PDF (852 KB) ( 402 )

	1772	Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of 10-Hydroxycamptothecin
		XU Chun-yan, HUANG Ming-zhi^*, XUE Chuan-xin
		10-hydroxycamptothecin was synthesized from camptothecin through oxidation and photo-activation. Grouping and optimizing the reaction conditions were as follows: in the oxidation condition: the reaction time 4 h, the reaction temperature 75 ℃, the amount of H₂O₂ 48 mL(w(H₂O₂)=30%), the amount of HAc 350 mL(based on 0.01 mol CPT); in the photochemical reaction: the solvents V(1,4-dioxane)∶V(acetonitrile)∶V(H₂O)=6∶2∶1, bronsted acid catalyst 98％ H₂SO₄. Purified by silica gel column, the total yield of HCPT is 49.9％, with 99.5％ purity, m.p. 272-273 ℃. The molecular structure of the title compound has been characterized by elemental analysis (EA), mass spectroscopy (MS), infrared spectroscopy(IR), and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), and the main infrared absorption peaks and nuclear magnetic spectral bands of this compound were assigned. The mass spectral fragmentations of the product’s important fragment ions were elucidated. The result provides useful information for preparing the new derivatives of camptothecin.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1772-1774 [Abstract] ( 1168 ) PDF (865 KB) ( 786 )

	1775	Novel Infrared Spectroscopy Methods for Clinical Diagnosis of Tumor
		XU Yi-zhuang¹,ZHAO Ying²,XU Zhi³,REN Yu⁴,LIU Yu-hai¹, ZHANG Yuan-fu¹,ZHOU Xiao-si³,SHI Jing-sen⁴,XU Duan-fu²,WU Jin-guang¹
		In this paper, the authors have reviewed their investigation on the clinical detection of tumor tissues by infrared spectroscopy in recent ten years. Based on the comparison of different IR spectroscopic methods such as IR transmission spectroscopy, micro-IR spectroscopy etc, the authors found the good consistency of the results of ATR (attenuated total reglection) IR spectroscopic method with those of pathological biopsy. The authors have directly measured the IR spectra of frozen tissues stored in liquid nitrogen and freshly resected tissues, and have realized the measurement of tumor tissues in vivo during the operation process using a specially designed IR spectrometer connected with a mid-IR fiberoptic with an ATR probe. The authors have investigated the malignant and normal tissues including parotid, esophagus, stomach, colon, liver, gallbladder, breast, thyroid etc. and compared with the pathological results. The accuracy of this novel IR detection method is more than 90%.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1775-1778 [Abstract] ( 1995 ) PDF (846 KB) ( 440 )

	1779	Construction of the Functionalized Film of Immobilized Atrazine Molecular on the Surface of Gold Substrate and Its Characterization by FTIR-RAS
		DU Zhen-xia¹, LI Wen-xia², FU Zhi-feng¹
		In an attempt to implement a novel type of immuno sensor based on IR spectroscopy, the authors have immobilized the herbicide atrazine on the surface of gold substrates. First, the authors synthesized a disulphide derivative of atrazine, then immobilized the herbicide atrazine on the surface of gold substrates by spontaneous chemisorption. The organic thin films were characterised by Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy. A preliminary biological recognition experiment with an anti-ATZ antibody is promising.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1779-1781 [Abstract] ( 1102 ) PDF (869 KB) ( 340 )

	1782	The Studies on YCl₃/PEU System by Rheology Analysis and FTIR
		LIU Zhi¹, LIU Xin-hai², ZHAO Ying², SUN Xian-yu¹, WENG Shi-fu¹, XU Duan-fu², WU Jin-guang^1*
		FTIR spectroscopy and rheology analysis were applied to study the YCl₃/ PEU system. It is apparent that modification with lanthanide complexes such as yttrium leads to a slight increase in viscosity of the polyether urethane solution. The authors conclude that this may be due to the interaction between the lanthanide ions and the polar group in urethane. A new band appears at 1 650 cm^-1 in the infrared spectra of the YCl₃/ PEU system, which corresponds to the new carbonyl structure formed through the coordination with yttrium cations. The dynamic rheological behaviors of the solutions demonstrate the interaction furthermore. A higher molecular weight formed with the higher concentration of the lanthanide ions in this DMF solution. And this could be an effective method to characterize the structure of the polymer solutions.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1782-1785 [Abstract] ( 1761 ) PDF (880 KB) ( 517 )

	1786	IR Study on the Thermal Decomposition IR of the Cationic Fenugreek Gum
		WANG Zhu¹,NIU Chun-mei^{1, 3},WU Wen-hui^1*,ZHANG Guo-bao²,ZHAO Gen-suo²,WANG Ying²,CAO Jian²
		DOI: 1000-0593(2005)11-1786-04
		The title complexes shown as cationic fenugreek gum were prepared. The thermal decomposition process of fenugreek gum and cationic fenugreek gum was studied quantitatively by means of thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopic measurement of samples after heating at different temperatures. Additionally, according to the fact that the absorbance peak changes and the analysis of TG-IR of cationic fenugreek gum at different temperatures, it can be drawn that the thermal decomposition of the cationic fenugreek gum might lead to a possible thermal-cracking process.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1786-1789 [Abstract] ( 1472 ) PDF (876 KB) ( 398 )

	1790	Analysis for the Near Infrared Spectrum Characteristic of Tea Based on Orthogonal Wavelet Packet
		Lü Jin^{1, 2}，LIN Min²,ZHUANG Song-lin¹
		According to the high co-linearity and dimension in the near infrared(NIR) spectrum of tea, the present paper describes quantitatively the characteristic of tea NIR spectra with wavelet packet by introducing the retained energy and number of zeros, based on the decorrelation capacity of orthogonal wavelet packet. Results show that the energy retained is as high as 99.98% after compressing, while the percentage for number of zeros is 95.87%. It was concluded that orthogonal wavelet packet has a good compressibility for NIR spectra, which has significance in storing, searching and processing the NIR spectrogram.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1790-1792 [Abstract] ( 2104 ) PDF (818 KB) ( 464 )

	1793	Study on Predicting Sugar Content and Valid Acidity of Apples by Near Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Technique
		LIU Yan-de^{1, 2}, YING Yi-bin¹, FU Xia-ping¹
		The nondestructive method for quantifying sugar content (SC) and available acid (VA) of intact apples using diffuse near infrared reflectance and optical fiber sensing techniques were explored in the present research. The standard sample sets and prediction models were established by partial least squares analysis (PLS). A total of 120 Shandong Fuji apples were tested in the wave number of 12 500-4 000 cm^-1 using Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy. The results of the research indicated that the nondestructive quantification of SC and VA, gave a high correlation coefficient 0.970 and 0.906, a low root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) 0.272 and 0.056 2, a low root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) 0.261 and 0.067 7, and a small difference between RMSEP and RMSEC 0.011 and 0.011 5. It was suggested that the diffuse near infrared reflectance technique be feasible for nondestructive determination of apple sugar content in the wave number range of 10 341-5 461 cm^-1 and for available acid in the wave number range of 10 341-3 818 cm^-1.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1793-1796 [Abstract] ( 1702 ) PDF (885 KB) ( 825 )

	1797	Analysis of Pine Pollen by Using FTIR, SEM and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis
		WANG Ya-min, WANG Hong-jie, ZHANG Zhuo-yong^*
		Infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were used to analyze nutrients in four pine pollen powder samples. The IR fingerprints showed that each of the samples, pinus massoniana, pinus yunnanensis, pinus tabulaeformis, and pinus densiflora, respectively had its own characteristic infrared spectrum. Based on the difference of the relative intensity of those characteristic absorption peaks, the IR fingerprints can be used for the identification of the four kinds of pine pollen samples. The broken pollen of pinus was more easily to release nutritional components for the distinct difference of IR fingerprints of natural and broken masson pine pollen samples. As a result of SEM, four kinds of pollen grains were oblong or subspheroidal in distal face and proximal face. The exine sculpture of the four kinds of samples were granulous and almost the same, but there was some difference of the size of pollen grains. The main morphologic change of the broken pollen was that the air bags were separated from pollen particles, and part of the main body of pollen particles was broken. The energy-dispersive X-ray analysis results showed that eleven elements, including Mg, Se, Si, Sr, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, and Fe, existed and the highest content in pollen of pinus was K element. The contents of trace elements were different in different kinds of pollen of pinus. The element intensity in broken masson pine pollen was distinctly higher than that in natural masson pine pollen.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1797-1800 [Abstract] ( 516 ) PDF (1027 KB) ( 691 )

	1801	Elemental Analysis and Infrared Spectra of Suspended Substance in the Effluent from Eco-Biofilter
		HAN Run-ping¹, ZOU Wei-hua¹, ZHU Lu¹, BAO Gai-ling¹, XU Qing-zeng¹, SHI Jie¹, YANG Jian², LU Yong-sen²
		The suspended substance(SS) in the effluent from eco-biofilters was examined by elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The inorganic components of SS in D1 and S1 are more than those in D2 and S2, respectively. The IR spectra of SS is mainly composed of the adsorption of carbohydrates, protein, etc. The dominating bands near 1 655, 1 542 and 1 240 cm^-1 are assigned to amide Ⅰ, amide Ⅱ and amide Ⅲ respectively, and the characteristic IR absorption of protein could be one of the significant components of cell walls. The peak near 1 460 cm^-1 is attributable to the bending stretching of CH₂— and CH₃—. The strength of adsorption peaks in the region 1 720-1 200 cm^-1 for D1 is lower than that for D2, but at 1 040 cm^-1 the case is revesed.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1801-1803 [Abstract] ( 1529 ) PDF (792 KB) ( 755 )

	1804	The Far-Infrared Spectrum of the Ternary Mixed Crystal
		ZHANG Xiao-yan¹ , WANG Xu², WANG Jing-feng¹
		Born-Huang equations of lattice dynamics for the ternary mixed crystal AB_1-xC_x by using the random-element-isodisplacement model (REI model) were set up, and the dielectric function and the far-infrared reflectivity of lattice vibration in several ternary mixed crystals were discussed. It is shown that this model applies to all circumstances：(1)Single mode—there are one transverse optical phonon and one longitudinal optical phonon in all scope of the composition x(0≤x≤1). (2)Double mode—there are two TO-LO-mode pairs in 0≤x≤1. (3)The third mode—it shows single mode behavior in a part and shows double mode behavior in another part. It was found that single mode crystal has one reflectance band and double mode has two reflectance bands. For the third mode crystal, there are one band in a part and two bands in another part. The model provides a possible way to understand the optical character of ternary mixed crystal. Based on it the authors can discuss other problem of electron-phonon interaction.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1804-1806 [Abstract] ( 1432 ) PDF (900 KB) ( 369 )

	1807	NIR Spectrometer for Non-Destruction Measurement of Oil Contents in an Corn Seed
		CUI Zhi-li¹,XIE Jin-chun¹,WANG Nan¹,PAN Ling-ling¹,SONG Tong-ming¹,ZHANG Ye-hui^1*,XU Xiao-jie²
		NIR spectrometer for non-destruction measurement of oil contents in an integrated kernel of corn was manufactured. Using LED (light emitting diode) as the light source and six filters as the monochromator, the specifications of the instrument are compared with those of the commercial instruments. The regression coefficient, the standard error, and the relative error of measuring oil contents in an integrated kernel of corn are 0.968 8, 0.72 and 0.062 respectively. The results meet the demand of high-oil corn breeding.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1807-1809 [Abstract] ( 1686 ) PDF (854 KB) ( 845 )

	1810	Surface Grafting Modification and Stabilization of Kevlar Fiber
		ZHENG Yu-ying,FU Ming-lian, WANG Can-yao, WANG Liang-en^*
		Chemical disposal was used to bring the activity group onto the surface of Kevlar fiber for the purpose of surface grafting modification. The interfacial constitution of the grafting of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) onto Kevlar fiber was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In the mean time, hexyl-lactam stabilization and poly-glycol (400, PEG) stabilization on the grafted product were also studied. The effects of different n_TDI∶n_PEG ratios on the production’s interfacial constitution was analysed. It is concluded that the stabilization took place on the surface. The intensity of the bands relented at about 3 300 cm^-1 and was reinforced at about 1 700-1 720 cm^-1 when the ratio of n_TDI∶n_PEG=1∶3, but when the ratio is 1∶1 and 1∶2, the bands at about 3 300 and 1 700-1 720 cm^-1 are almost the same.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1810-1812 [Abstract] ( 1769 ) PDF (820 KB) ( 380 )

	1813	Research of FTIR and XRD Study on the Organic Modification of Bentonites
		ZHENG Yu-ying,WANG Can-yao,FU Ming-lian
		Organobentonites were prepared to improve the compatibility between bentonites and organic phase. The change of lamellar structure after organic modification was observed. Na⁺-bentonites and octadecylamine were used to exchange the Na⁺ which is in the layers of bentonites, and the organobentonites were obtained. Both FTIR and DTA-TG proved that octadecylamine entered the layers of bentonites, and XRD showed that the lamellar distance increased from 1.4 nm to 4.3 nm. Based on the experiment, most of the properties of Na⁺-bentonites such as the ethylene blue adsorbed by bentonites, cation exchange capacity and the like are better than Ca²⁺-bentonites’. The bentonites modified by octadecylamine improved the hydrophobic ability and widened the lamellar distance of bentonites, which contributes to enhancing the whole properties of composites.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1813-1816 [Abstract] ( 1657 ) PDF (872 KB) ( 672 )

	1817	Research on Raman Spectra of Glycerinat at the Pressure of 0-1.0 GPa and the Temperature of 29 ℃
		LIU Jun-jie, ZHENG Hai-fei^*
		The present paper investigates Raman spectral characters of liquid glycerin by the experiment at the pressure of 0-1.0 GPa and the temperature of 29 ℃, and defines the relation between the pressure and the Raman peak of glycerin at ambient temperature. The result shows that there are two characteristic Raman peaks of glycerin defined as ν_(CH) and ν_(CH₂), and both of them move to higher positions as system pressure increases. The relation between the system pressure and peak positions of glycerin is given as the following: ν_(CH)=0.009 2P+2 886.67 and ν_(CH₂)=0.009 4P+2 948.53. On the other hand, glycerin is reliable as a liquid pressure gauge for high pressure experiment. The equation applied to demarcate system pressure is also showed: P=106.4 ν_(CH₂)-3.14×10⁵.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1817-1820 [Abstract] ( 1622 ) PDF (824 KB) ( 635 )

	1821	*Visible Absorption Spectra and Resonance Raman Spectra of n-π^ Singlet-Triplet Transition of p-Benzoquinone in CS₂**
		YIN Jian-hua¹,LI Zuo-wei^1*,REN Chun-nian²,ZHANG Liu-yang¹
		The visible absorption spectra of p-benzoquinone (PBQ) in CS₂ were measured, and a weak absorption band around 507 nm attributed to n-π^* singlet-triplet transition was demonstrated. Using the resonance Raman effect excited in liquid-core optical fiber which can enhance Raman intensity by 6-9 orders of magnitude, the authors obtained the 514.5 nm excited resonance Raman (RR) spectra of PBQ at 1 439 cm^-1 in the concentration range from 10^-3 to 10^-6 mol·L^-1. The new characteristic RR band is attributed to the symmetric CO stretch (ν_CO) of n-π^* singlet-triplet transition of PBQ. The resonance Raman shift is blue-shifted with decreasing concentration. The results of this paper are helpful for understanding the relationship between the electric structure and the photophysical properties of PBQ, and for obtaining more abundant structural information of molecules.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1821-1823 [Abstract] ( 1924 ) PDF (815 KB) ( 383 )

	1824	Raman Spectra Study of Thermal Transformation of Nephrite Cat’s Eye from Sichuan Province
		LU Bao-qi¹, XIA Yi-ben¹, QI Li-jian², YOU Jing-lin¹
		Raman spectrum and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used to study the process and product of thermal transformation of nephrite cat’s eye from Sichuan province. The results indicate that upon being heated till 900 ℃, tremolite in the nephrite cat’s eye is dehydrated completely and the appearance of a new characteristic band near 671 cm^-1 indicates the form of a new product. At 1 000 ℃, the intensity of band near 1 014 cm^-1 rises obviously, and the weak bands near 573 cm^-1and 934 cm^-1 present. Up to 1 100 ℃, the band near 1 033 cm^-1appears. All these evidences show that the final thermal transformation product is identified as Ca—Mg pyroxene which is similar to diopside both in structure and in composition. This conclusion is confirmed by XRD.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1824-1826 [Abstract] ( 1742 ) PDF (848 KB) ( 462 )

	1827	Fluorescence Polarization Used to Derive Cell Membrane Fluidity during Photodynamic Therapy
		WEI Rong-hui, HUANG Yan-ping, LI Shan-shan,QI Chun-yuan
		With metal phthalocyanine used as the photosensitizer, the cell membrane fluidity under the conditions of different irradiation time in photodynamic therapy was investigated by fluorescence polarization. Results show that with the photosensitizer phthalocyanine excited，the fluorescence polarization of the fluorophose was increased and the cancer cell membrane fluidity was decreased due to the photodynamic therapy. Cell proliferation was also studied by MTT. Results show that cell membrane fluidity and cell proliferation are influenced to the same extent, suggesting that cell membrane is one of the binding sites in PDT.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1827-1829 [Abstract] ( 1125 ) PDF (848 KB) ( 384 )

	1830	The Measurement and Analysis of Visible-Absorption Spectrum and Fluorescence Spectrum of Lycopene
		YANG Xiao-zhan¹,LI Ping^1*,DAI Song-hui¹,WU Da-cheng²,LI Rui-xia²,YANG Jian-hui¹,XIAO Hai-bo¹
		Using ICCD spectral detection system, the absorbency of lycopene-carbon bisulfide solution with different concentration was measured, and the result shows that in a specified range the absorption rule of lycopene solution agrees with Lambert-Beer Law. Absorption spectral wavelength shifts were measured respectively when lycopene was dissolved in acetone, normal hexane, petroleum ether, benzene, ethyl acetate, and carbon bisulfide, and comparing to acetone, different red-shift appeared when lycopene was dissolved in benzene, ethyl acetate, and carbon bisulfide when water was added in lycopene-acetone solution, the absorbency of lycopene droped, the fine structure of absorption spectrum became indistinct, and a new absorption peak appeared in UV. The reason for these phenomena is that the solvent molecule had different effect on lycopene molecule when lycopene was dissolved in different solvent. Using fluorecence spectrophotometer, fluorescence spectra of lycopene in different concentrations were collected, and the results show that the fluorescence spectra of lycopene were mainly in 500-680 nm. When concentration was lower than 50 μg·mL^-1, the fluorescence intensity linearly increased with increasing concentration, and when concentration was higher than 60 μg·mL^-1, the fluorescence intensity dropped because of the interaction between lycopene molecules.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1830-1833 [Abstract] ( 2123 ) PDF (870 KB) ( 575 )

	1834	A Novel Fluorophotometric Method for Assaying Free Glutathione of Both Reduced and Oxidized in Plasma
		WANG Qiu-lin^1，2, WANG Hao-yi¹, DING Yi¹, QIAO Xiao-rong³, PENG Ke-jun¹, LIN Xia⁴, WANG Shu-ren^1*
		To investigate the measurement of free glutathione of both reduced or oxidized (i.e. GSH and GSSG) in plasma, and to evaluate the redox state of GGSH/GSSG in human plasma, both GSH and GSSG in plasma were measured by fluorophotometry based on the facts that one molar GSSG can be reduced to two molar GSH by dithiothreitol(DTT) under the condition of the pH being about 6.0, and GSH can provide both primary amine and thiol groups to react with the two carbonyl groups of O-phthaldehyde(OPA) to form a fluorescent ternary isoindole complex at pH 8.0. This method can at least measure 16 picomole GSH and 8 picomole GSSG respectively in the tube. The variation coefficient (CV) for intra-ssay and intera-ssay is about 4..6% and 3.9% for GSH and 3.5% and 4.1% for GSSG respectively. The recovery of GSH and GSSG added to the plasma is (99.77%±5.70)% and (99.28%±4.73)% respectively. The concentration of GSH and GSSG in the plasma of young healthy volunteer is (16.5±2.4)nmol·mL^-1 and (1.7±0.35)nmol·mL^-1 respectively, without significant difference between male and female. This measurement method is simple with great sensitivity and selectivity for rapid measuring GSH and GSSG in human plasma simultaneously.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1834-1838 [Abstract] ( 2091 ) PDF (880 KB) ( 784 )

	1839	Study on the Chemical Reaction of Cytosine with 3,3’,5,5’-Tetrabromo-m-cresojsulphonphthalein
		CHI Yan-hua, BAI Jin-wei, ZHUANG Jia
		The system of reaction for the cytosine (Cy) and 3,3’,5,5’-tetrabromo-m-cresojsulphonphthalein(XJFL) was studied in acid solution using UV spectra. The factors that affect the reaction, such as temperature, time and concentration of ion were determined. The maximum absorption peak of the complex appeared at the wavelength 620 nm，the molar absorptivity was ε=1.32×10³ L·cm^-1·mol^-1, the linear range of standard was 0-32 μg·mL^-1, and the maximum combining number was 16. The reaction mechanism, and the interaction of inorganic substance, biological substance, and surface active agent were studied.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1839-1842 [Abstract] ( 494 ) PDF (889 KB) ( 596 )

	1843	Spectroscopic Studies of Interaction of Brilliant Cresyl Blue and DNA
		GAO Feng, ZHANG Li, BIAN Gui-rong, WANG Lun^*
		The interaction of dye brilliant cresyl blue(BCB), which features a phenoxonium group, with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrinl and DNA in aqueous solution was studied by spectroscopic methods. The experimental results indicate that BCB can be included into the hydrophobic cavity of HP-β-CD to form an inclusion, a complex with a stability constant of 1.98×10³ L·mol^-1. At low DNA concentrations, BCB can be bound to DNA to form a 1∶1 association complex with the binding constant of 4.3×10⁴ mol·L^-1, and the major binding model of BCB to DNA is “electrostatic binding”. However, the major binding model changes into “intercalative binding” at high DNA concentrations. In addition, the interactions of BCB-(HP-β-CD) inclusion complex and DNA have been investigated. The results suggest that BCB displayed a high affinity for DNA and the inclusion complex decomposed when it was bound to DNA.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1843-1845 [Abstract] ( 1091 ) PDF (874 KB) ( 613 )

	1846	Studies on the Interaction between RNA with Methyl Violet and Determination of RNA by Spectrophotometry
		SI Wen-hui¹, ZI Yan-qin²
		An analytical method for the determination of ribonucleic acid was established by spectrophotometry. At maxium absorption wavelength for methyl violet in the B-R buffer solution, and under the best conditions, the degree of decrease of the absorbance was linear with the amount of ribonucleic Acid. It was a new and preferable approach for the determination of ribonucleic Acids. The method with the linearity range was 1.0 to 8.0 μg·mL^-1 and the detection limit was 0.52 μg·mL^-1 , and the correlation coeffient was 0.999 9. This method was simple, rapid, and selective. So it was satisfactory to the application for the determination of ribonucleic Acid. The reaction mechanism was electrostatic interaction to make molecular association of RNA with methyl violet, to go on antiion permutation and bonded reaction of concert.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1846-1849 [Abstract] ( 1599 ) PDF (1038 KB) ( 386 )

	1850	Influence of Tetrasulfo-Substituents on the UV/Vis Absorption Spectra of Phthalocyanine Doped Sol-Gel Hybrid
		ZHAN Hong-bing, DU Yu-hong, LIN Chun-ying, ZHAO Xu-cheng, QIN Jing
		Nickle phthalocyanine(NiPc) and Nickle tetrasulfo-phthalocyanine (NiTSPc) were introduced respectively into silica gel matrix by sol-gel technique. Composites were produced and their UV/Vis spectra were measured. The results show that the introduction of soluble tetrasulfo-substituents can greatly increase the solubility of phthalocyanine molecule, which is helpful for the steady co-existence of phthalocyanine in sol-gel hybrid and therefore beneficial to the production of homogeneous composite.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1850-1852 [Abstract] ( 1594 ) PDF (826 KB) ( 384 )

	1853	Study on Spectral Behavior of Trimethoxyphenylflurone with Cadmium in Microemulsion
		WEI Qin, DING Yu-long, LI Yan, YAN Tao, LI Yuan-yuan, DU Bin
		In the present paper, the spectral behavior of cadmium with trimethoxyphenylflurone (TM-PF) in microemulsion was studied. In the buffer medium of borax-NaOH at pH 10.40，cadmium (Ⅱ) reacts with TM-PF to form a stable 1∶2 complex. Its apparent molar absorptivity is 6.10×10⁴ L·mol^-1·cm^-1 at 560 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 0-0.60 μg·mL^-1. The coexistent metal ions can be separated, and cadmium can be enriched by sulfhydryl dextrane gel (SDG), greatly improving the selectivity and sensibility of the system. The method possesses high sensitivity as well as high selectivity, and can be used to determine trace amount of cadmium in environmental samples successfully.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1853-1856 [Abstract] ( 1108 ) PDF (812 KB) ( 433 )

	1857	Photochemical Preparation of Au Nanoparticles with Polyethyelene Glycol and Its Resonance Scattering Spectral Study
		LIU Qing-ye¹，QIN Ai-miao²，JIANG Zhi-liang^1，2*，HE You-qiu³，LIU Shao-pu³
		The nano-photochemical reaction of polyethyelene glycol (PEG)-Au³⁺ was studied by resonance scattering and absorption spectrophotometry, and transmission electron microscopy. Influence of various factors on the preparation of gold nanoparticles was considered. There is a correlation between the molecular mass of PEG and the size of gold nanoparticles. A new photochemical method was proposed for the preparation of gold nanoparticles in size of 6-60 nm, using different molecular mass of PEG. The cause of obtaining gold nanoparticle with different size is the different space effect and hydrophobic property of PEG. A reasonable nano-reaction mechanism was developed.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1857-1860 [Abstract] ( 526 ) PDF (866 KB) ( 499 )

	1861	Size Effect of Pt Nanoparticles: a Study of Properties of Pt Loaded TiO₂ Thin Film
		HUA Nan-ping¹, GAN Yu-qin¹, XU Jiao-zhen¹, ZOU Cui-e¹, YANG Ping¹, XU Jing-kun², DU Yu-kou^1*
		TiO₂ thin films loaded with Pt nanoparticles of different sizes were prepared. The sizes of the Pt nanoparticles were measured by TEM. The TiO₂ thin films were characterized using XRD, UV-Vis and photocurrent measurement. The photocatalytic activities of the films were evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue under UV radiation. With the same molar quantity of loaded platinum, the properties of Pt loaded thin films were affected directly by the sizes of platinum nanoparticles, and showed strong size effect. When the particle size was 5 nm, the photocurrent and photocatalytic activity reached the maximum.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1861-1864 [Abstract] ( 265 ) PDF (1070 KB) ( 411 )

	1865	Study on Extractive Spectrophotometry for Determination of Amoxicillin with Ionic Associate
		DUAN Ya-li¹, DU Li-ming^2*，CHEN Cai-ping¹
		A method of extractive spectrophotometry has been proposed for the determination of amoxicillin(AMO). The ion pairs complex of amoxicillin with methylene blue (MB) can be extracted into 1,2-dichloroethane at pH 3.3 and has absorption maximum at 657 nm. The ratio of amoxicillin to methylene blue in the ion pairs complex is 1∶1. The apparent molar obsorptivity of ion pairs complex is 5.0·10⁴ L·mol^-1·cm^-1 at 657 nm. The calibration graph generated is linear over the range of 0.4-6.8 mg·L^-1 drug in solution with a correlation of 0.998 9. The detection limit is 0.01 mg·L^-1 and the recovery of AMO is 97.5%-101.3%. The present method has been applied to the determination of amoxicillin in pharmaceutical formulations and urine samples with satisfactory results.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1865-1867 [Abstract] ( 1759 ) PDF (850 KB) ( 401 )

	1868	Speciation of Iron Using Capillary Electrophoresis Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
		DENG Bi-yang¹, ZENG Chu-jie¹, CHAN Wing-Tat²
		The separation of iron species, e.g. Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺, Fe²⁺-Fe(phen)²⁺₃, and Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺, by mixing with complexing reagents of o-phenanthroline and EDTA, and Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺ with o-phenanthroline was developed by capillary electrophoresis inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(CE-ICP-AES). The effects of electrophoresis conditions such as voltage, buffer solution pH, and complex concentration on iron species are discussed. Satisfactory separation conditions for iron speciation have been acquired. Cations and anions, containing complexing agents, do not interfere in the separation of iron species. The method has advantage to CE-UV.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1868-1871 [Abstract] ( 643 ) PDF (891 KB) ( 671 )

	1872	Determination of Stability Constant of Zinc Cysteinate by Indirect Determination Using FAAS with ZnS
		LIU Wen-han, SHAN Sheng-yan, ZHANG Dan, MA Chun-an
		On the bases of exploring measurement mechanism and complex compound components of indirect determination of cysteine acid by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with zinc sulfide, the stability constants of the complex compound of zinc cysteinate were studied successfully, after the numeric measurements and theoretical investigations under the best optimized acidity for the determination. In conclusion, at the best optimized acidity pH 9.7, the stability constant of alkalescence zinc cysteinate is between 2.998×10³⁰ and 3.858×10³⁰, with the average value β_W=3.286×10³⁰ and logβ_W＝30.517，and the standard deviation is 0.315×10³⁰. While the stability constant of zinc cysteinate is between 7.853×10²¹ and 1.011×10²², with the average value β_W=8.607×10²¹ and logβ_W=21.935，and the standard deviation is 0.315×10²¹. It is shown that the atomic absorption spectrometry can not only be used for the determination of trace elements and the indirect determination of organic compound, but also can carry out the study of physical configuration and the determination of physical constant of complex ion.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1872-1874 [Abstract] ( 1683 ) PDF (786 KB) ( 585 )

	1875	XPS Analysis of CO₂ Corrosion Product Scales on P110 Steel
		LIN Guan-fa^{1, 2},ZHENG Mao-sheng¹,BAI Zhen-quan¹,ZHAO Xin-wei²
		In order to confirm the composition of CO₂ corrosion product scale and the difference of both component and the content between various layers of the scale, autoclave was employed to prepare the scales on P110 steel exposed to carbon dioxide corrosion. The surface and cross-section morphology were observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the difference between surface and inner in chemical composition was analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) used adjectively. The results show that the cross-section of the corrosion product scales of P110 steel is with double-layer structure, and there are mainly FeCO₃ and a little of CaCO₃ with ferreous oxides in two layers structure of the scale. The amount of CaCO₃ in surface layer is less than one in inner layer, but the oxides are slight more than that in inner layer including a little intermixtures of Fe and Fe₃C. It is concluded from the difference of Ca²⁺ ion between the surface and the inner that the inner corrosion scale produces first on P110 steel in corrosion process.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1875-1879 [Abstract] ( 1823 ) PDF (961 KB) ( 387 )

	1880	Hardening Correction Model of Energy Spectrum for Continuous Spectrum X-Ray ICT
		PENG Guang-han¹,YANG Xue-heng¹,HAN Zhong¹,PU Xing-cheng^{2, 3}
		In the case of a polychromatic source in X-ray ICT, the variation of attenuation coefficient with energy leads to low energy radiation being absorbed preferentially. In other words, the higher the energy, the more lower the attenuation coefficient. With the transmission thickness augmenting, it is easier for X-ray to transmit the matter. The phenomenon is energy spectrum hardening. Thus, hardening correction has to be done. In the present paper, not only energy spectrum hardening is analyzed by experiment and theory and the relation is stated between attenuation coefficient and transmission thickness, but also the new theory method and the precise accurate theory model for hardening correction of energy spectrum are proposed.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1880-1883 [Abstract] ( 601 ) PDF (936 KB) ( 376 )

	1884	Mean Shift Based Auto-Extraction of Spectral Lines for Non-Emission-Line Objects
		DUAN Fu-qing¹, WU Fu-chao¹, LUO A-li², ZHAO Yong-heng²
		The mean shift algorithm is used. At first, the property that mean shift vectors always point toward local maxima of the density is used to get the pseudo continuum; secondly, mean shift filtering is a good edge preserving smoothing, which can adaptively reduce the amount of smoothing near feature spectral lines, so the authors use mean shift filtering in noise reduction after the normalization of continuum spectra; finally, the authors extract feature spectral lines by setting local thresholds. The experiments on both stars and normal galaxies show that our method can extract spectral lines accurately, which is helpful to the parameter measure and the automatic classification of spectra based on spectral lines.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1884-1888 [Abstract] ( 1084 ) PDF (946 KB) ( 971 )

	1889	A Novel Spectral Classifier Based on Coherence Measure
		LI Xiang-ru^1，2,WU Fu-chao¹, HU Zhan-yi¹, LUO A-li²
		Classification and discovery of new types of celestial bodies from voluminous celestial spectra are two important issues in astronomy, and these two issues are treated separately in the literature to our knowledge. In the present paper, a novel coherence measure is introduced which can effectively measure the coherence of a new spectrum of unknown type with the training samples located within its neighbourhood, then a novel classifier is designed based on this coherence measure. The proposed classifier is capable of carrying out spectral classification and knowledge discovery simultaneously. In particular, it can effectively deal with the situation where different types of training spectra exist within the neighbourhood of a new spectrum, and the traditional k-nearest neighbour method usually fails to reach a correct classification. The satisfactory performance for classification and knowledge discovery has been obtained by the proposed novel classifier over active galactic nucleus(AGNs) and active galaxies(AGs) data.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1889-1892 [Abstract] ( 1591 ) PDF (827 KB) ( 419 )

	1893	Determination of Trace Elements in Rat Liver by Microwave Digestion Technique-FAAS Methods
		ZHAO Ai-dong¹, ZHAI Xue-liang¹, LIU Jing-ze^2*
		In the present paper, microwave digestion technique was used to determine Ca, Zn, Cu, Mg and Fe in rat liver by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The effect of microwave digestion condition on the analysis results was examined and the best analysis condition of FAAS was selected. Compared to traditional wet methods, the experimental result showed that the method is rapid, sample digestion is complete, the blank value is low, and the measurement result is satisfactory. Applied to the determination of trace elements in rat liver, the method proved to be selective with satisfactory recovery of 96%-103% and relative standard deviation of 1.0%-2.6%.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1893-1894 [Abstract] ( 1698 ) PDF (817 KB) ( 568 )

	1895	Density Estimation Based Model Matching Method for Redshift Determination
		DUAN Fu-qing¹, WU Fu-chao¹, LUO A-li², ZHAO Yong-heng²
		The present paper proposes a model matching method based on density estimation for redshift determination, in which the problem of redshift determination is translated into the problem of searching for the point of maximum density within a data set. At first, the mean shift-based method for auto-extraction of spectral lines is used to get feature spectral lines. Secondly, according to the redshift formula, the authors use the feature wavelength array and the spectral template to get a data set. Finally, the authors find the point of maximum density within the data set, then the average of the data in ε-neighbor of the point is regarded as the redshift estimation. The information of feature wavelength and spectral line type is used in this method so that it can deal with every kind of spectra. Experiments show that our method is stable and the correct identification rate is high.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1895-1898 [Abstract] ( 375 ) PDF (915 KB) ( 589 )

	1899	Simulation of UV Spectra from the Wake of a Stony Meteor in the Upper Atmosphere
		ZHANG Da-wei^1，2, CHEN Bo¹
		For stony meteors thrusting through a region with an altitude between 100-90 km in the upper atmosphere at different initial geocentric velocities, the effective temperatures are calculated based on Sparrow’s particle-collision theory. Assuming different mixture ratios, particle number densities of certain dominant components that might exist in the wake of a stony meteor at a velocity of 72 km·s^-1 are given. Using a large-scale spectral synthesis code called Cloudy, UV radiation within the 240-400 nm band of the wake of such a meteor is simulated, and relative intensities of several expected strong emission lines are predicted. Comparison shows that our prediction of the spectrum of a meteor wake, which has an effective temperature of 5 680 K and a fractional vapor pressure of 0.1 Pa, is fairly close to the observational results.
		2005 Vol. 25 (11): 1899-1902 [Abstract] ( 1126 ) PDF (849 KB) ( 437 )

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