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2006 Vol. 26, No. 06 Published: 2006-06-26

光谱学与光谱分析

	977	Photon Avalanche Upconversion in Er³⁺-Doped Telluride Glass Excited by 980 nm Laser
		LI Yu-qiong,SUN Zhen-rong^*, WANG Zu-geng
		By laser excitation at the wavelength of 980 nm, efficient upconversion emission at 550 nm was observed in Er³⁺ doped telluride glass. The upconversion intensity varies nonlinearly with the excitation power with a threshold of 44 mW. The photon response time, of the order of tens of milliseconds, is much longer than the emission lifetimes. Moreover, the response time decreases with the increase in excitation power. The power dependence of the intensity and response time indicates that the green emission is generated through photon avalanche upconversion. Compared with 690 or 579 nm excitation wavelength, 980 nm is more efficient.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 977-979 [Abstract] ( 1436 ) PDF (438 KB) ( 427 )

	980	The Fluorescence Emission of Water at Upconversion of Frequency by Laser Induced Fluorescence
		ZHAO Nan-jing, LIU Wen-qing, ZHANG Yu-jun, CUI Zhi-cheng, LIU Jian-guo, LI Hong-bin, WEI Qing-nong, YANG Li-shu
		The fluorescence spectra of several types of water samples in combination with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements using 532 nm wavelength excitation source were measured in the laboratory, and the fluorescence matters such as dissolved organic matter (DOM), chlorophyll a (Chl a) and carotenoids were pointed out with spectral fluorescent signature (SFS) technique. It is considered that the peak at 455 nm in the spectrum is contributed by carotenoid(PPC). Finally, the dynamic model of PPC’s fluorescence emission is showed.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 980-982 [Abstract] ( 1577 ) PDF (385 KB) ( 499 )

	983	The Preparation and Spectroscopic Characteristics of Ytterbium Silicate Glasses
		LI Wei-nan, ZOU Kuai-sheng, LU Min, XIANG Li-bin
		Yb³⁺-doped silicate glasses were prepared at high temperature，which had a small non-linear refractive index coefficient n₂(1.62)，lower transformation temperature and lower softening temperature(540 ℃ and 585 ℃，respectively). The absorption spectrum from 850 to 1100 nm showed that the main peak was at 975 nm with two subpeaks near 908 nm and 944 nm, respectively. Emission peak was at 1 010 nm in the fluorescence spectrum with a 65.5 nm fluorescence half-line width. The integrated absorption cross section, stimulated emission cross section and fluorescence time were caculated to be 3.44×10⁴ pm²,0.71 pm² and 1.05 ms, respectively, which satisfy the requirements of laser glasses.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 983-986 [Abstract] ( 1536 ) PDF (443 KB) ( 453 )

	987	The Influence of Frequency on Solid State Cathodoluminescence
		LIU De-ang, XU Zheng, TENG Feng, ZHAO Su-ling, WANG Yong-sheng, XU Xu-rong^*
		Solid state cathodoluminescence (SSCL) is a new mechanism of light emission in organic-inorganic system. In the present article, we get SSCL under sinusoidal alternating-current voltage with a structure of ITO/SiO₂/MEH-PPV/SiO₂/Al. The spectra have two peaks: 410 and 580 nm, which obey molecular theory and band model, respectively. The temporal behaviors of both peaks in SSCL are studied with a new method of estimating lifetime in frequency domain. The intensity of the peak at 410 nm decreases as the frequency of the driving voltage increases, and the intensity of the peak at 580 nm increases as the frequency of the driving voltage increases. The difference in the dependence of light intensity on the frequency of excitation comes from the difference in the lifetime of the two peaks. The lifetime of short wavelength emission is found to be less than 5 ms while that of long wavelength emission is more than 0.05 ms.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 987-990 [Abstract] ( 1046 ) PDF (483 KB) ( 436 )

	991	Study of Spectral Property of Er³⁺-Doped TiO₂
		WANG Wen-hua^{1, 2}, CHENG Jian-bo^2*, ZHU Hong-jie²
		Spectral property of Er³⁺-doped TiO₂ prepared with gel method using absolute alcohol, glacial acetic acid and tetrabutyl titanate was studied. The Stokes emission spectra at 488 nm and upconversion emission spectra at 980 nm of the material were measured. In the visible range, green and red light was observed with green light corresponding to ²H_11/2, ⁴S_3/2→⁴I_15/2 transition of Er³⁺, and red light corresponding to ⁴F_9/2→⁴I_15/2 transition of Er³⁺. The green and red light are both two-phonon process from the curve of ln I_vis-ln I_in as the light intensity is directly proportional to the square of pump power. Elementary studies of the upconversion process were conducted.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 991-993 [Abstract] ( 1595 ) PDF (293 KB) ( 448 )

	994	The Time-Evolution Study on the Laser-Induced Oxygen Plasmas Spectra
		LIN Zhao-xiang¹,WU Jin-quan²
		The present paper reports the results of spectroscopic study on the oxygen plasma induced by a pulsed laser with a wavelength of 1.06 μm. The gas samples were pure oxygen (99.999 9%) and the spectral range was from 300 to 900 nm. The temporal behavior of the spectra was measured. The experiment results showed that the spectra could be divided into continuous spectra and line spectra. Each component of the spectra attenuated according to the disparate mode along temporal development. The microcosmic physical processes and mechanisms were analyzed. The reason for the longer plasma spectral lifetime was discussed. These works were helpful to better understanding of the microscopic mechanisms during the decay of the laser-induced air plasmas, and also provide more experimental evidences for prolonging the decay time of plasmas in some technical applications.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 994-998 [Abstract] ( 402 ) PDF (553 KB) ( 420 )

	999	Spectral Properties of Carbazole Molecules and Three-Photon Induced Lasing
		WEI Zhong-chao¹, FAN Hai-hua¹, LI Na¹, WANG He-zhou^1*, ZHONG Zeng-pei²
		Spectral properties of a series of new heterocyclic molecules were studied in the present work. The spectral experimental results show that the two-photon absorption cross-sections of these new molecules are dependent on their charge transfer dipole moments, which relate to the donor acceptor end groups. At high density pumping, the spectral and temporal properties of the high directional emission of a new molecule with two-photon absorption cross-section of 617.3 GM demonstrate that three-photon induced lasing occurs.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 999-1002 [Abstract] ( 1556 ) PDF (404 KB) ( 416 )

	1003	2+1, 1+1 and 1+1+1 Multiphoton Resonant Ionization of Manganese Atom
		WANG Xin-shun, WANG Chun-yan, DAI Lin, MENG Ji-wu, ZHENG Rong-er^*
		Resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) is an important technique for trace analyses. In the present paper, based on the population rate equations, “2+1”, “1+1” and “1+1+1” multiphoton resonant ionization processes of Mn atom are studied by computer simulation. The phenomena and the threshold condition of saturated excitation and ionization processes are discussed. The threshold laser intensities for saturated ionization of Mn atom with different RIS schemes are calculated. With the typical Q-switched laser duration of 10 ns, the obtained saturation threshold laser intensity for the ionization steps in all the resonant ionization processes of Mn is about 10⁸ W·cm^-2 with the exception of the “1+1” resonant ionization of Mn which is 3 orders of magnitude lower. The obtained threshold laser intensity for the saturated excitation steps is about 10²-10³ W·cm^-2 in “1+1” and “1+1+1” ionization processes. It is also shown that the threshold laser intensity required for saturated excitation and ionization processes turns smaller with the laser duration prolonged.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1003-1007 [Abstract] ( 546 ) PDF (704 KB) ( 491 )

	1008	Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopic Study of Carbon Monoxide
		HU Ying, WANG Xiao-hong, GUO Lan-tao, ZHANG Cun-lin
		Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is a new coherent spectral technique based on femtosecond laser technology. The radiation band belongs to far infrared. This paper presents the absorption spectra of carbon monoxide measured by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the frequency range between 0.2 and 2.5 THz. The experimental results indicate that the carbon monoxide has many distinct characteristic spectra between 0.2 and 2.5 THz which agree with the calculated results. The absorption peaks become sharper with decreasing the pressure. This work establishes the basic spectra data for the future identification and characterization of carbon monoxide, and it is very significative to measure the harmful substance in the atmosphere by terahertz technology.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1008-1011 [Abstract] ( 465 ) PDF (445 KB) ( 494 )

	1012	The Analysis of Vibrational Structure of the Electronic Spectra of Diatomic Molecules
		YU Chun-ri^1,2, CUI Zhi-feng²,WANG Rong-kai³
		On the basis of the spectrum term of a electronic rotational-vibrational energy level, the law of vibrational band sequences and progressions in diatomic molecules was analysed. According to the law, the Deslandres table and its nature were summarized. How to indicate the measured values of a electronic-vibrational spectrum was illustrated by taking the Swan band spectra of the C₂ molecule as an example. In the example, the measured values were put in order which formed the Deslandres table in terms of the law of vibrational structure. The authors can gain some important data, such as anharmonicity constants and harmonic oscillator frequencies in different vibrational states, concerning the band spectra of molecules. Furthermore, the formula of wave numbers of every band spectrum was derived.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1012-1017 [Abstract] ( 1086 ) PDF (484 KB) ( 403 )

	1018	The Study of Infrared Background Radiation of Earth and Atmosphere by Airborne FTIR Spectrometer
		ZHANG Tian-shu, LIU Wen-qing, GAO Min-guang, LU Yi-huai, LIU Jian-guo, LIU Cheng, XU Liang, ZHU Jun
		The present article describes the experiment of airborne Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer detecting the background radiation of earth and atmosphere. Considering the surface radiation and atmospheric absorbance and emission, the expression of radiations measured by airborne FTIR is given. It is indicated that the background radiations depend on four parameters: surface temperature, surface emissivity, atmospheric transmission and temperature. Based on theoretic analysis the measured spectra are compared and analyzed according to the differences in altitude and surface. Spectral characters of infrared background radiation are described.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1018-1021 [Abstract] ( 1066 ) PDF (532 KB) ( 431 )

	1022	FTIR and Thermal Analysis Study of GAP and GAP/B
		WANG Tian-fang, SUN Yun-lan, LI Shu-fen^*
		The thermal decomposition of GAP and GAP/B in air and nitrogen were studied by FTIR and TG-DTG. The analysis by FTIR and TG-DTG shows that the azide group elimination reactions of GAP begin at about 170 ℃ and finish around 250 ℃，and the depolymerization of GAP delays by 40 ℃; Boron changes the mechanism of thermal decomposition process of GAP, and the results show that GAP/B starts losing mass between 55 and 70 ℃，which is much earlier than GAP itself does. Furthermore, the depolymerization of GAP almost takes place at the same temperature with the azide group elimination. Some kinetics parameters of the reactions were calculated based on Kissinger’s processing methods. The results show that the activation energies of the thermal decomposition of GAP and GAP/B are lower and the reactions are easier to occur under air. The possible reason is that the oxygen containing thermal decomposition of GAP has happened.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1022-1025 [Abstract] ( 1004 ) PDF (498 KB) ( 439 )

	1026	Study on Real-Time Control of Extraction Procedure of Furitus Gardenia by Near Infrared Spectroscopy
		YAN Shi-kai^1,2, LUO Guo-an^2*, WANG Yi-ming², CHENG Yi-yu¹
		A new approach to the real-time control of extraction procedures based on fiber optic near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was described. Various extraction samples of gardenia were rapidly scanned by NIR, and the SIMCA monitoring model was developed. The model was applied to evaluate the extraction procedures of 26 unknown samples, and all the samples from abnormal procedures were successfully identified. It is suggested that near infrared spectroscopy, combined with SIMCA method, is a rapid, convenient and efficient tool for real-time procedure monitoring, which needs no quantitative determination and can effectively monitor whether the current procedure is in normal or not. The presented approach, therefore, offers a new way for the quality control in real-time of traditional Chinese medicine.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1026-1030 [Abstract] ( 1741 ) PDF (577 KB) ( 452 )

	1031	Study on Near-Infrared Absorption Mechanism of Alkali Lignin
		WU Xin-sheng^1,2,XIE Yi-min^{1, 3}, LIU Huan-bin¹,WU Hong¹
		The results showed that o-quinone and q-quinone had strong absorption while vanillin had nearly no absorption in the 800-900 nm range of near-infrared spectroscopy through the comparison of their near-infrared absorption spectra. It was proved that quinone structure of alkali lignin had strong absorption in the 800-900 nm range of near-infrared spectroscopy. The change in the absorbency of oleander milled wood lignin treated with NaOH and Na₂S before and after is greater than that in the absorbency of ginkgo milled wood lignin treated with NaOH and Na₂S before and after because more quinone structure was formed in the process of oleander milled wood lignin treated with NaOH and Na₂S. The finding well explained that cooking liquor of hardwood was much stronger than that of softwood while their pulp kappa number was very near.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1031-1033 [Abstract] ( 2144 ) PDF (373 KB) ( 422 )

	1034	Near Infrared Spectroscopy of Wood Sections and Rapid Density Prediction
		JIANG Ze-hui¹, HUANG An-min^1*,WANG Bin²
		In the present report, the use of calibrated near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for rapid prediction of solid wood density is described. NIR spectra were obtained from the three sections (cross, radial and tangential section) of each Chinese fir sample. The authors found that the spectra of the three sections are different and the correlation coefficients between the laboratory-determined density and the NIR-fitted data are different, too. The prediction results showed that the model based on NIR spectra taken from the cross section is the best, and the correlation coefficients are 0.94 (cross), 0.85 (radial) and 0.81 (tangential)，respectively. Using the cross model to predict the density of unknown wood samples, we can see: r² is 0.977 and the standard deviation (STDEV) is only 0.006.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1034-1037 [Abstract] ( 1063 ) PDF (580 KB) ( 489 )

	1038	Detection of Pear Firmness Using Near Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
		FU Xia-ping, YING Yi-bin^*, LIU Yan-de, LU Hui-shan
		The objective of the present research was to study the potential of NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as a way for nondestructive measurement of the firmness of “Xueqing” pear. NIR spectral data were collected in the spectral region between 800 nm and 2 630 nm, but only the data between 800 nm and 2 500 nm were used for the analysis. Spectral data smoothing of different gaps using Savitsky-Goaly method was discussed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that the smoothing of NIR original spectra had little influence on spectral data analysis. Statistical models were developed using partial least square method. Models for three kinds of mathematical treatments of spectra (original, first derivative and second derivative) were established in three spectral regions: 800-2 500 nm, 800-1 890 nm and 832-872 nm. The original spectra showed better results than the first derivative spectra and second derivative in all the three spectral regions. And for the three spectral regions, the full wavelength range of 800-2 500 nm offered the best result. The PLS model of original spectra in the range of 800-2 500 nm gave best predictions of pear firmness, with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.869 and root mean square errors of calibration (RMSEC) of 3.88 N for the calibration sample set and with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.840 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 4.26 N for the validation sample set. The results of the study show that NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy can be used to predict the firmness of “Xueqing” pear.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1038-1041 [Abstract] ( 1085 ) PDF (469 KB) ( 474 )

	1042	Study on the Wax Enhancement for the Unearthed Jade Wares by FTIR Technique from Ancient Tombs of Shang-Zhou Period in Henglingshan Site of Boluo County Guangdong Province
		QIU Zhi-li^{1, 2},WU Mo³, WEI Qiao-kun¹
		The ancient tombs of Hhenglingshang site in boluo county are the most significant graveyard site of Shang-Zhou period in Guangdong province as yet. Based on a series of scientific studies on the jade samples from these tombs, the authors found that there are 2-3 characteristic peaks at 2 960 cm^-1(quite poor), 2 920 and 2 853 cm^-1 in the infrared spectra. According to the tests and analyses of the infrared spectra of pure waxes and other modern jade wares treated with wax, the authors believe that these unearthed jade wares were enhanced with wax and the ancestors of Lingnan region in Shang-Zhou period (1600B.C.-221 B.C.) probably understood treating jade wares with wax to enhance their appearance.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1042-1045 [Abstract] ( 550 ) PDF (475 KB) ( 462 )

	1046	Rapid and Robust Partial Least Squares Regression and Its Application to NIR Spectroscopy Analysis
		CHENG Zhong^1,2, CHEN De-zhao^1*
		Modern near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), as an indirect analytical technique, is used to carriy out quantitative analysis of unknown samples by establishing a model with calibration samples. Taking into account the low sensitivity and poor disturbance rejection of NIRS, a new robust version of the SIMPLS algorithm was constructed from a robust covariance matrix for high-dimensional data and robust linear regression in the present paper. Because SIMPLS was based on the empirical cross-covariance matrix between the response variables and the regressors and on linear least squares regression, the results were affected by abnormal observations in the data set. In order to eliminate their negative impact on the accuracy and reliability of the model, a simple multivariate outlier-detection procedure and a robust estimator for the covariance matrix were embedded in the SIMPLS regression framework, based on the use of information obtained from projections onto the directions that maximize and minimize the kurtosis coefficient of the projected data. Finally, application of the proposed kurtosis-SIMPLS method to the NIR analysis was presented with a comparison to the SIMPLS. The results show that kurtosis-SIMPLS method not only finds out the very outliers from the data set with less computational cost, but also holds better prediction performance and steady capability for the normal samples.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1046-1050 [Abstract] ( 1238 ) PDF (534 KB) ( 547 )

	1051	The Characteristic IR Spectra of Microcystin-LR
		ZHAO Liang¹, Gayle Newcombe², Leanne Britcher³
		The IR spectra of mincrocystin-LR (mLR) were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the scanning range of 4 000-600 cm^-1. The characteristic IR spectra from main function groups such as monosubstituted benzene, guanidine residues and γ-carboxylic groups etc have been identified.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1051-1053 [Abstract] ( 574 ) PDF (281 KB) ( 442 )

	1054	The IR Spectra of Complexes of 2-Hydroxy-2-Ferrocenylpropylamine with Ni(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ) and Hg(Ⅱ)
		WANG Xiao-li^1,2, BIAN Zhan-xi^1*, WANG Xi-gui²
		α-cyano-α-ferrocenylethoxytrimethylsilame was prepared by the addition of trimethysilyl cyanide to acetylferrocene. 2-Hydroxy-2-ferrocenylpropylamine(FcA) was synthesized by the reduction of α-cyano-α-ferrocenylethoxytrimethylsilame with lithium aluminum hydride. A series of coordinate complexes—FcA-Ni(Ⅱ), FcA-Cu(Ⅱ), FcA-Zn(Ⅱ), FcA-Cd(Ⅱ) and FcA-Hg(Ⅱ) were obtained through coordination of this ligand with MCl₂(M=Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg). The FTIR spectra of the complexes and ligand were obtained in the range of 4 000-400 cm^-1. Their major bands were assigned and compared. The results showed that in all complexes some bands(ν_O—H, ν_N—H, δ_O—H, δ_N—H) were shifted to lower wave number, and some(ν_C—N, ν_O—N) were shifted to higher wave number. The aminoalcohol groups and metal ions were bound with coordinated bond.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1054-1056 [Abstract] ( 1641 ) PDF (360 KB) ( 454 )

	1057	Novel Application of FTIR to the Analysis of Sweet Pepper Seeds and Tomato Seeds with Space Mutation
		WANG Yi-lin¹, YANG Qun¹, YANG De²
		Comparative study of the sweet pepper and tomato seeds lines with space mutation and corresponding conventional seeds was carried out with FTIR, in an attempt to search for the influence of space environment upon mutation. The similarities among space seeds lines are: the absorbance at near 1 160-1 061 cm^-1 increased. This result shows that the stretching vibration of C—O on the structure of carbohydrates was enhanced by space mutation. The special mutations are: (1) The absorbance at 2 854 cm^-1 of space sweet pepper was enhanced, showing that the stretching vibration of CH₂ was stronger; (2) The absorbance at 1 160 cm^-1 of cherry tomato seeds lines was increased notably, indicating that the stretching vibration of C—O on the structure of carbohydrates was stronger. The results show that the space environment could notably increase the carbohydrates in the tomato seeds. The space sweet pepper and tomato seeds lines, which produced similar mutation, could be influenced by micro-gravity in space. The special mutations are the results of the influence of universe radiation in space.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1057-1060 [Abstract] ( 1491 ) PDF (374 KB) ( 465 )

	1061	Analysis and Characterization of Fingerprint Infrared Spectra for Ecology-Planted Coptis Chinensis
		WANG Li-qun^1，2, LI Ying-ming¹, ZHANG Li-ping², XIAO He-xiang2, ZHOU Qun¹, SUN Su-qin^1*
		The fingerprint features of infrared spectra for Coptis chinensis in different shading conditions (shelf, firry wood, corn wood) and with different ages(one year to five years) were studied. According to the ratio of characteristic peaks, the rules of the influence of shadings and ages on Coptis chinensis growth were illustrated, which confirms the feasibility of ecological planting technique for Coptis chinensis. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyze the influence of growing conditions on the growth of Coptis chinensis. The shadings and ages have no obvious influence on the quality of Coptis chinensis root, which is consistent with the results of HPLC. The quality of Coptis chinensis with ecological planting is identical with those in shelves. Infrared technique provides a meaningful guide to standardized planting of medicinal plants.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1061-1066 [Abstract] ( 1520 ) PDF (827 KB) ( 475 )

	1067	Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectra and Electrochemical Studies on the Inhibition of Nickel Corrosion by Imidazole
		GU Wei¹, LIU Guo-kun², WU De-yin², REN Bin², GU Ren-ao^1*, TIAN Zhong-qun²
		Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectrum of imidazole adsorbed on a nickel electrode in 0.1 mol·L^-1 KCl solution was investigated as a function of applied potential. The corrosion inhibition effects of imidazole on the nickel electrodes in 0.1 mol·L^-1 KCl solution were investigated by using both cyclic voltagram and Tafel plot. The results indicated that imidazole was adsorbed on Ni electrode with tilted or perpendicular orientation due to the maximum enhancement of the in-plane vibration modes. The appearance of the peak at 1 173 cm^-1 (i.e. NH deformation) further supported the adsorption of neutral imidazole molecules in a neutral solution. A low-wave number band appeared at 214 cm^-1 was assigned to the Ni—N stretch, considering the interaction between imidazole molecules and the metal surface via N-atom. The molecules had maximum adsorption at -1.3 V. At higher negative potentials, the adsorption decreased gradually, which resulted in weaker inhibition effect.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1067-1070 [Abstract] ( 582 ) PDF (433 KB) ( 477 )

	1071	A Comparative Raman Study of Carbon Nanotubes Allays
		ZHENG Rui-ting^{1, 2},CHENG Guo-an^{1, 2},ZHAO Yong¹,LIU Hua-ping¹
		A series of comparative Raman study of carbon nanotubes arrays prepared by thermal chemical vapor deposition are reported. The results suggest that the G mode and D mode of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) arrays are all downshifted as compared to that of polycrystalline graphite, and the shifted number in well-aligned CNTs arrays is more than that in misaligned CNTs arrays. Moreover, the intensity ratio I_D/I_G indicates the ordering in CNTs arrays. A lower I_D/I_G means a higher graphitization and less amorphous carbon in CNTs arrays.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1071-1075 [Abstract] ( 1111 ) PDF (1126 KB) ( 479 )

	1076	Fuzzing Pattern Recognition Study on Ramam Spectrum of Tumor Peripheral Tissue
		LUO Lei¹, ZHAO Yuan-li¹, GE Xiang-hong¹, ZHANG Xiao-dong¹, HAO Zhi-fang², Lü Jing³
		On the basis of some theories about fuzzing pattern recognition, the present article studied the data preprocessing of the Ramam spectrum of tumor peripheral tissue, and feature extraction and selection. According to these features the authors improved the leaning towards the bigger membership function of trapezoidal distribution. The authors built the membership function of Raman spectrum of tumor peripheral tissue which belongs to malignant tumor on the basis of 40 specimens, and designed the classifier. The test of other 40 specimens showed that the discrimination of malignant tumor is 82.4%, while that of beginning tumor is 73.9%.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1076-1079 [Abstract] ( 1050 ) PDF (466 KB) ( 361 )

	1080	A New Method for Concentration Determination of Crude Oil Sample Using Three-Dimensional Synchronous Fluorescence Spectra
		WANG Chun-yan, JIANG Hua-hong, GAO Ju-wei, ZHANG Jin-liang, ZHENG Rong-er^*
		In the spectral investigation of crude oil samples, it has been found that the synchronous fluorescence spectra (SFS) of the crude oil sample varied with the concentration in both the intensity and the location of peaks. Considering the information about both the changes in SFS, a new method for the concentration determination of crude oil sample using three-dimensional synchronous fluorescence was developed and introduced in the present paper. A number of samples have been investigated to verify the feasibility of the method. The concentration of each sample has been determined with a deviation under 3% in the concentration range from 10^-4 to 1.0 g·L^-1. All the results suggest that the newly developed method may become an useful means in petroleum logging.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1080-1083 [Abstract] ( 1202 ) PDF (505 KB) ( 499 )

	1084	Quantum Chemistry Study on Fluorescence Spectra of Three Flavonoid Compounds
		SU Yu¹, LIAO Xian-wei^2*, LIU Shan², DENG Jia-li²
		A theoretical study on three flavonoid compounds by semi-empirical method is presented in the present paper. Their geometric configurations were optimized by the semi-empirical method RHF/PM3. For all the optimal configurations, there is no imaginary frequency in vibrational analyses. On this basis, the electronic spectra were calculated by CIS method. All the calculated results are basically consistent with experimental values.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1084-1087 [Abstract] ( 1575 ) PDF (388 KB) ( 439 )

	1088	Fluorescence and Resonance Scattering Spectral Properties of TiO₂ Nanoparticle in Water Phase
		LIANG Ai-hui¹, CHEN Yuan-yuan²,JIANG Zhi-liang^2*
		Nanometer-sized TiO₂ sol was prepared by a microwave high-pressure method using terabuty titanate (TBTi) as a precursor, and was contrasted with the one prepared by Ti(SO₄)₂ hydrolysis method. Fluorescence and resonance scattering spectral properties of TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared by the two different precursors were considered. The one using TBTi as precursor exhibits a resonance scattering peak at 320 nm, a synchrotron scattering peak at 470 nm, and three fluorescence emission peaks at 350，400 and 470 nm, respectively. The other one prepared by Ti(SO₄)₂ has a resonance scattering peak at 340 nm, a synchrotron scattering peak at 470 nm, and two fluorescence emission peaks at 400 and 470 nm, respectively. Influences of the reaction conditions on the resonance scattering intensity are consistent with those on the fluorescence, but the resonance scattering intensity is stronger than the fluorescence intensity.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1088-1091 [Abstract] ( 590 ) PDF (411 KB) ( 418 )

	1092	Resolution of Synchronous Fluorimetric Spectrum for Carbaryl and Coumaphos and Its Application Study
		ZHANG Guo-wen¹, PAN Jun-hui², NI Yong-nian^3*
		The synchronous fluorimetric method for the simultaneous determination of carbaryl and coumaphos is described. In the Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 3.0, synchronous scanning with Δλ=60 nm was carried out, and the overlapped fluorimetric spectra were better separated. The two synchronous fluorimetric peaks are located at 280 and 322 nm respectively, and can be used for the determination of these two pesticides. No preliminary separation is needed. The method is simple, rapid and successfully applied to the analysis of food samples. The linear ranges of the calibration curves for carbaryl and coumaphos are 0.016-0.384 μg·mL^-1 and 0.016-0.320 μg·mL^-1, respectively. The limits of detection are 0.015 μg·mL^-1 for carbaryl, and 0.010 μg·mL^-1 for coumaphos.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1092-1095 [Abstract] ( 1859 ) PDF (544 KB) ( 445 )

	1096	A New Fluorescence Quenching Method for the Determination of Trace ClO₂ in Water Using Silver Nanoparticles
		KANG Cai-yan^1，2,CHEN Yuan-yuan¹,JIANG Zhi-liang^1*,XI Dan-li²
		In pH 9.1 NH₄Cl-NH₃·H₂O buffer solution, there is a fluorescence peak at 470 nm for silver nanoparticles. A fluorescence quenching takes place when it was oxidized by ClO₂. The intensity of fluorescence quenching is linear with the concentration of ClO₂ in the range of 0.001 1-0.185 μg·mL^-1. The detection limit is 0.004 7 μg·mL^-1. A new fluorescence method has been proposed for the determination of ClO₂in water samples with satisfactory results.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1096-1098 [Abstract] ( 1115 ) PDF (366 KB) ( 396 )

	1099	Study on Fluorescence Spectral Behavior of Trimethoxyphenylflurone with Gallium in Microemulsion
		WANG Xiao-dong¹, YU Hai-qin², WEI Qin^2*, CHEN Hua-jun², DU Bin2, ZHAO Xin-hua¹
		In the present paper, the fluorescence spectral behavior of gallium with trimethoxyphenylflurone (TM-PF) in microemulsion was studied. In the buffer medium of HAc-NaAc at pH 4.95，the fluorescence intensity is in proportion to the concentration of gallium (Ⅲ) in the range of 0-0.045 μg·mL^-1. The CTMAB microemulsion was efficiently used to enhance the sensibility and stability of the system, and the limits of detection were 1.2 ng·mL^-1. The coexistent metal ions can be separated and gallium can be enriched by the extraction of butyl acetate, greatly improving the selectivity and sensibility of the system. The method possesses high sensitivity as well as high selectivity. It can be used to determine trace amount of gallium in ore samples successfully.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1099-1101 [Abstract] ( 1699 ) PDF (408 KB) ( 464 )

	1102	Study on Surface-Capped CdS Nanoparticles as Fluorescence Probes
		HUANG Feng-hua, PENG Yi-ru
		In the present paper, CdS nanoparticles of different size surface-capped with thiourea [expressed as CdS/SC(NH₂)₂] were prepared by sol-gel method, and characterized by XRD, TEM，IR and PL. The results show that the molar ratio of thiourea to cadmium ion has influence on the size and luminescence properties of the nanoparticles. With increasing the mdar ratio of thiourea to cadmium ion in the reactant, the size of the nanoparticles decreases, and the maximum emission wavelength of the nanoparticles shows an obvious blue shift due to quantum confinement effect. The effect of calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (ct-DNA) on the fluorescence spectrum of the CdS/SC(NH₂)₂ nanoparticles was also studied. The result shows that the intensity of fluorescence spectrum of the nanoparticles is quenched by ct-DNA, which is probably caused by the electrostatic interaction between CdS/SC(NH₂)₂ nanoparticles and ct-DNA. The CdS/SC(NH₂)₂ nanoparticles are hopeful of being used as fluorescence probes in DNA determination.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1102-1105 [Abstract] ( 1122 ) PDF (590 KB) ( 459 )

	1106	Synthesis and Spectroscopy of K₇[P₂Mo₄W₁₃M(H₂O)O₆₁](M=Cr, Fe) and Their Organic Composite Materials
		HU Xiao-juan^{1, 2}, GAO Li-hua^{1, 2}, WANG Ke-zhi^1*
		The Dawson heteropoly complexes K₇[P₂Mo₄W₁₃M(H₂O)O₆₁](M=Cr(1), Fe(2)) and their organic composite materials formed by (E)-N-butyl-4-(2-(4’-dimethylaminophenyl)ethenyl)pyridinium cation and compound 1 (or 2) with the stoichiometry of (C₁₉H₂₅N₂)₆K₃[P₂Mo₄W₁₃MO₆₂](M=Cr(3), Fe(4)) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses, and IR, UV-Vis, solid diffuse reflectance UV-Vis-near IR, X-ray photoelectron and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results of spectra show that compounds 1 and 2 have Dawson structure, inorganic-organic composite materials are formed between the hemicyanine cations and the heteropoly anions, and the charge transfer occurs from the hemicyanine cations to the heteropoly anions in 3 and 4 complexes. The interaction between the hemicyanine cations and the heteropoly anions in the solid powder is stronger than that in the fluid solution. The compounds reported in this paper are interesting as nonlinear optical materials.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1106-1108 [Abstract] ( 488 ) PDF (355 KB) ( 424 )

	1109	The Change in Optical Spectra from Solid and Liquid Solution of Copper Phthalocyanines Derivatives
		ZHENG Xiao-pan, HE Zhi-qun^*, ZHANG Chun-xiu, XU Zheng, WANG Yong-sheng
		In the present work, the change in electronic absorption spectra from three copper phthalocyanines (CuPc, tb-CuPc, oo-CuPc) in different environments was investigated. The mechanism of red shift Q-band absorption from the three species in an organic solvent before and after protonation was discussed. This was used to compare with those dispersed in solid films. The relation between the molecular interactions and the spectra change was studied. In a combination of POM，DSC and XRD techniques, the structure and morphology of the thin films were characterised. It was found that the molecules in the doped matrices of PC were associated or aggregated. This association and hence the corresponding change in absorption spectra cannot be altered by the modification of dopant concentration.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1109-1112 [Abstract] ( 1095 ) PDF (737 KB) ( 422 )

	1113	Synthesis and Spectral Properties of a New Europium Strontium Oxide SrEu₂O₄
		FU Shi-liu, DAI Jun, YIN Tao, ZHAO Wei-ren
		A new europium strontium oxide was synthesized by high-temperature solid state reaction of SrCO₃ with Eu₂O₃ in air. The new multiple oxide was characterized by use of XRD, TG/DTA and fluorescence spectra. The XRD results show that the molecular formula of the europium strontium oxide is SrEu₂O₄, whose structure is isostructural with that of BaEu₂O₄ reported earlier. The excitation spectrum of SrEu₂O₄ displays a broad double peaks band with one peak around 257 nm and the other around 280 nm. This broad band is attributed to the charge transfer transition of Eu³⁺—O^2- bonds. Excited with a radiation of 280 nm, SrEu₂O₄ emits strong red light which is assigned to the ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ electric dipole transition of Eu³⁺.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1113-1116 [Abstract] ( 533 ) PDF (435 KB) ( 477 )

	1117	Hydrothermal Synthesis of Co₉S₈ Nanocrystalline Aggregations and Spectral Study
		CHEN You-cun¹, ZHANG Yuan-guang^{1, 2}
		Co₉S₈ nanocrystalline aggregations were synthesized in hydrazine hydrate (N₂H₄·H₂O) solvent at 180 ℃ for 12 h through a hydrothermal method using cobalt sulfate hydrate (CoSO₄·7H₂O) and sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₃) as the starting materials. The prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). FTIR spectrum was measured using Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer. The results showed that the products were mainly composed of Co₉S₈ hexagonal flakes, which were about 2.1 μm in diameter and 200 nm in thickness. The flakes consisted of Co₉S₈ nanocrystallites with an average size of 2.5 nm.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1117-1119 [Abstract] ( 1717 ) PDF (345 KB) ( 401 )

	1120	Extraction and Spectral Properties Analysis of Innoxious Ultraviolet Absorbents
		FANG Yi-wen¹, NI Wen-xiu¹, HUANG Chong², XUE Liang¹, YU Lin¹
		Some dozens of ultraviolet absorbents were extracted from leaves of pure natural plants, such as frangipani, mango, and sweet-scented osmanthus. Then the spectral properties of these ultraviolet absorbents were analyzed. The plant that has the best effect of absorbing ultraviolet ray was selected by comparing one with the others. And the method of extracting ultraviolet absorbent was studied. The results showed that the method, which used leaves of mango as material, distilled water as extracted solvent, and alcohol as precipitator, was satisfactory. When the concentration of ultraviolet absorbent solution is 1%(w/w), the ultraviolet ray transmission is smaller than 1% in 200-400 nm. The rate of production is 1.5%. It is innoxious.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1120-1122 [Abstract] ( 1782 ) PDF (455 KB) ( 491 )

	1123	Study on Spectral Properties of Tri-Functional Polymers Containing Terbium Complex
		WANG Wen, LIN Mei-juan, LING Qi-dan^*, ZHANG Wen-gong
		In the present paper, a kind of tri-functional polymer containing terbium complex was synthesized. The spectral properties were studied by means of FTIR, UV-Vis, and TOF-SIMS. The results indicated that the polymer contained the oxadiazole group, carbazole group and terbium complex. The fluorescence property was investigated in different states. In solution, the spectra consisted of the emission band from the π→π^* transition of the oxadiazole and carbazole group and the emission peaks from the transitions between the 4f states of terbium. In solid state, the emission from the oxadiazole and carbazole group was suddenly suppressed, and the result also indicated that the efficiency of energy transfer in the solid state is much higher than that in solution. The polymer emits pure green light under the UV light in solid state.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1123-1126 [Abstract] ( 1452 ) PDF (572 KB) ( 437 )

	1127	The Influence of Temperature Change on Determined Concentrations of Dissolved Organic Matter in Water
		CUI Zhi-cheng, LIU Wen-qing, ZHAO Nan-jing, ZHANG Yu-jun, LIU Jian-guo, LI Hong-bin, WEI Qing-nong, YANG Li-shu
		The influence of temperature change on the determined concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water was investigated by laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique in laboratory. The temperature was altered within the range of 20 to 75 ℃, and the intensity of DOM fluorescence and water Raman scattering were found to decrease with rising temperature. A linear fit of the normalized fluorescence intensity versus temperature yielded a mean value of the temperature coefficient of -5.24×10^-4·℃^-1, and a mean value of the temperature coefficient of -3.42×10^-3 (mg·L^-1)·℃^-1 was obtained according to the relationship between normalized fluorescence intensity and concentration of DOM. The temperature change will cause relative changes of up to 8.45% in DOM concentration within the range of 20 to 75℃ if we assume that the normalized fluorescence intensity remains the same.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1127-1129 [Abstract] ( 1113 ) PDF (364 KB) ( 487 )

	1130	Reaction Mechanism of Cefotaxime with Human Serum Albumin
		LIU Luo-sheng¹, WANG Xing-po¹, ZHAO Quan-qin¹, ZHANG Yu-yi²
		The reaction mechanism of cefotaxime with human serum albumin (HSA) and the affinity between cefotaxime and β-lactamase were investigated by spectrometry and spectrofluorimetry. The interaction dissociation constants of human serum albumin and cefotaxime were determined from a double reciprocal Lineweaver-Burk plot. The binding distance and transfer efficiency between cefotaxime and HSA were also obtained according to the theory of Frster non-radiation energy transfer. The result suggested that the main binding force between cefotaxime and HSA is electrostatic force interaction. The high β-lactamase stability of cefotaxime may be correlative with its molecular structure. The antibiotic activity and valence are connected with transfer efficiency and dissociation constant. The effect of cefotaxime on the conformation of HSA was also analyzed using synchronous fluorescence spectrometry.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1130-1133 [Abstract] ( 1650 ) PDF (467 KB) ( 392 )

	1134	Preparation and Structural Characterization of ZnTHPP/TiO₂ Hybrid Material
		XU Yan¹, AN Qing-da^1，2*, ZHANG Shao-yin¹, SHI Tong-shun², WANG Yao¹, YANG Xiao-yan¹
		Using sol-gel method to make tetra-meso (hydroxylphenyl) zinc porphyrin (ZnTHPP) trapped in inorganic networks of TiO₂, a new organic/inorganic hybrid material was prepared. The structures and morphology of this material were characterized by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), infrared spectrum (FTIR), UV-Vis spectrum (UV), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicating that ZnTHPP/TiO₂ hybrid material possessed excellent thermostability, and ZnTHPP was trapped in TiO₂ network with chemical bonds. In addition, ZnTHPP embedding can enlarge the absorption range of light for TiO₂ effectivelly.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1134-1137 [Abstract] ( 1180 ) PDF (548 KB) ( 433 )

	1138	Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of Rare-Earth-3-Hydroxyl-2-Naphthalinate-Phenanthroline Compounds
		DENG Yu-heng, WANG Shao-ting, YANG Yong-li, NIE Feng-mei
		The solid rare-earth (RE=Tb, Eu, Sm, Nd) compounds with 3-hydroxyl-2-naphthalinic acid (L) and phenanthroline (phen) were synthesized in ethanol solution in the present work. Their compositions were determined to be REL₄·phen₂·Na·H₂O by the element analysis, infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectra, and DTA-TGA, respectively. The spectral properties of the compounds were studied tentatively, and the coordination mode of carboxyl group was deduced to be bridged style to chelate the rare-earth and sodium ions to form an infinite chain structural complex. The sodium and rare-earth ions are six-coordinated and eight-coordinated geometry respectively.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1138-1140 [Abstract] ( 1201 ) PDF (343 KB) ( 427 )

	1141	Study on the Oxidation of Solutions of Aniline and Phenol on Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₅ Electrode by UV-Vis Spectroscopy and HPLC
		LIU Xiao-bo¹, LIN Hai-bo^1*, SUN Zhi-quan¹, ZHANG Heng-bin¹, ZHAO Bing²
		The electrocatalytic oxidation and degradation of phenol and aniline were studied at Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₅ electrode by UV-Vis spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It is shown that hydroquinone, benzoquinone and maleic acid are the same intermediates and products during oxidation of both aniline and phenol. This indicates that the oxidation of the two compounds probably has the same degradation routes. The electropolymerization of anilines results in different oxidation and degradation course of aniline and phenol.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1141-1144 [Abstract] ( 1517 ) PDF (405 KB) ( 464 )

	1145	Synthesis of N’1,N’2-Bis[(1E)-(2-Hydroxyphenyl) Methylene]- Ethanedihydrazide and Its Application to Determination of Zn(Ⅱ)
		LIANG Zhuo-wen, MENG Jian-xin^*
		A reagent of N’1,N’2-bis[(1E)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]ethanedihydrazide (DSOD) was synthesized, and characterized by IR spectra and element analysis. A highly sensitive fluorimetric method for the determination of trace amounts of zinc was proposed based on the reaction of Zn²⁺ with DSOD in ethanol at pH 7.00. The linear range of the method was 0-65.0 μg·L^-1 with a detection limit of 0.30 μg·L^-1. The interferences of 16 common ions were investigated and the results showed that the DSOD had a good selectivity. The analytical results of detecting trace amounts of Zn²⁺ in zinc rich salt and hair by this method were satisfactory.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1145-1147 [Abstract] ( 1988 ) PDF (378 KB) ( 412 )

	1148	Spectrophotometric Determination of Chondroitin Sulfate with Victory Blue B
		CHEN Yuan-yuan,JIANG Zhi-liang^*,LI Zhen-zhong,ZHOU Su-mei,SUN Shuang-jiao
		In pH 4.0 acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution, cationic dye victory blue B shows an absorption peak at 614 nm, and the absorption peak decreases after it reacts with chondroitin sulfate to form association particles. The decrease in absorption value is linear with chondroitin sulfate concentration in the range of 0.1-5 μg·mL^-1, and the correlation efficient is 0.998 6. The method was applied to the determination of chondroitin sulfate in synthesis samples and real samples with rapidity, simplicity and good accuracy.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1148-1150 [Abstract] ( 1413 ) PDF (396 KB) ( 416 )

	1151	Rate of Controlled-Release Urea Pervasion through Membrane Determined by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
		ZUO Xiu-jin^{1, 2, 3}, WANG Zhen-xin², DAI Xiao-min², ZHOU Yi², MA Xiao-jun¹
		Application of controlled-release nitrogenous fertilizers can improve the efficiency of fertilizers and reduce the environmental pollution. Controlled-release urea (coated urea) is one of the controlled-release nitrogenous fertilizers developed quickly in the recent years. The rate of controlled-release urea pervasion through membrane is the most important index of the capacity of controlled release. There is a maximum absorption at λ=426 nm with complex in acidic solution, using p-dimethylaminozenzaldehyde as color reagent, and the absorbance exhibits a linear reponses to the urea concentration over the range of 7.5-210 μg·mL^-1. The method for determining the rate of controlled-release urea pervasion through membrane was realized through determining the content of urea in the liquor, the recovery efficiency of the method is 96.1%-103.9%.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1151-1154 [Abstract] ( 1086 ) PDF (426 KB) ( 404 )

	1155	Determination of Trace Elements in Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets by Microwave Digestion and ICP-AES
		ZHENG Yong-jun, ZHAO Bin, YOU Jin-mao
		Niuhuang Jiedu tablets were digested with HNO₃-H_２O_２ system by microwave digestion. The fourteen trace elements of As, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, Sr, Ba, Se, Ni, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mo and Pb in the solution were determined by ICP-AES. The ICP-AES result proved to be reliable by adding standard recovery experiment to the process. By comparison with the result of chemical experiment, thr present method was accurate, quickly-accessible, and convenient. It was used for Niuhuang Jiedu tablets with result satisfactory.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1155-1157 [Abstract] ( 1092 ) PDF (314 KB) ( 454 )

	1158	Chip-Based Capillary Electrophoresis On-Line Coupled with Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry and Its Application to Rapid Speciation Analysis
		LI Feng¹, WANG Dong-dong¹, YAN Xiu-ping^1*, SU Rong-guo², LIN Jin-ming²
		Chip-based capillary electrophoresis (chip-CE) is under rapid progress due to its high efficiency, fast separation, little sample consumption and integration. Due to the short optical path (30-50 μm), the conventional UV absorbance cannot satisfy the chip detection needs. Atomic fluorescence spectrometer(AFS) is a selective and sensitive detector for hydride-forming elements. With the strong points of low cost and easy operation, AFS is attractive as an ideal detector of chip-CE for mercury, arsenic and selenium, etc. A few important practical aspects of coupling chip-CE to AFS are critically discussed. These include the design of the chip, chip-AFS interface, gas-liquid separator, AFS atomizer, and elimination of the effect of backpressure on separation. The application of the developed chip-CE-AFS to the mercury speciation analysis is highlighted.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1158-1161 [Abstract] ( 1102 ) PDF (484 KB) ( 425 )

	1162	Precipitation Trapping with Phenylfluorone and Determination of Trace Gallium, Germanium, Molybdenum and Indium by GFAAS
		GONG Qi, LI Xiang-xin, WEI Xiao-ling, LI Xing-yang, LU Jian-jun, OUYANG Kai
		The preconcentration of trace gallium, germanium, molybdenum and indium by trapping with precipitation of phenylfluorone (PF), and the determination of the elements by GFAAS were developed. The effects such as those of acidity, amounts of PF, aging time, volume of test solution, and the coexistent ions on the preconcentration of the trace elements were examined in detail. The optimum conditions of preconcentration for Ga(Ⅲ) were pH≈2 test solution 500 mL with added 10.00 mg·mL^-1 PF (2.00 mL) and aging for 4 h, those for Ge(Ⅳ) were pH≈2 test solution 500 mL with added 10.00 mg·mL^-1 PF (4.00 mL) and aging for 10 h, those for Mo(Ⅴ) were pH≈3 test solution 1 000 mL with added 10.00 mg·mL^-1 PF (3.00 mL) and aging for 6 h, and those for In(Ⅲ) were pH≈5 test solution 100 mL with added 10.00 mg·mL^-1 PF (3.00 mL) and aging for 10 h. The experiment results showed that the main contribution to trapping trace gallium, germanium, molybdenum and indium with PF precipitation was post-precipitation instead of coprecipitation. The detection limits (3s) were 0.12 ng·mL^-1 for gallium, 0.30 ng·mL^-1 for germanium，0.046 ng·mL^-1 for molybdenum and 2.7 ng·mL^-1 for indium. The developed methods were successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of the elements in water samples, geological standard reference materials, and zinc concentrate samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1162-1166 [Abstract] ( 1628 ) PDF (579 KB) ( 450 )

	1167	Determination of As, Pb, Sn, Sb and Bi in High Temperature Iron and Nickel-Based Alloy by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Combined with Liquid-Liquid Extraction
		GUO Xing-jia^1，2, XU Shu-kun^1*,LI Xiao-zhou³,TONG Jian^２, SUN Ying⁴, GUO Li-li⁴
		A method was developed for the determination of As, Pb, Sn, Sb and Bi in high temperature iron and nickel-based alloy by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry combined with liquid-liquid extraction. These elements formed complexes with I^- ions and were subsequently extracted into MIBK to be separated from matrix elements. The effects of remnant matrix elements were studied in detail. Meanwhile, the interferences of other elements, such as W, Nb and Ta, were eliminated with masking method. The recovery rates for As, Pb, Sn, Sb and Bi are in the range of 93%-99 ％, and the relative standard deviations are from 8.8％ to 12％.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1167-1169 [Abstract] ( 197 ) PDF (338 KB) ( 528 )

	1170	Determination and Analysis of Trace Element Manganese and Amino Acids Content in Aloe Tea
		DONG Shun-fu¹, LIU Jie², SUN Xiao-li³, HAN Li-qin¹, ZHAO Wen-xiu¹
		芦荟保健茶;锰;氨基酸
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1170-1172 [Abstract] ( 2118 ) PDF (350 KB) ( 474 )

	1173	*Determination of Six Metal Elements in Plant Bupleurum Scorzonerifolium* Willd. by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry(FAAS)**
		XUE Guo-qing¹, LIU Qing², HAN Xiao-mei³, HAN Yu-qi¹, WAN Yin-sheng¹
		The objective in this paper was to determine the amount of metal elements in the Plant Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry(FAAS). FAAS method was established for the determination of Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in the Plant Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. after digestion with HNO₃-HClO₄(V∶V=4∶1) at 90-95 ℃ and at normal pressure. In the meantime, the optimum parameters of FAAS and the effects of solution medium on the results were studied. The analytical results of Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn were 5 588.9, 1 790.5, 869.3, 78.4, 44.3 μg·g^-1 respectively, and Pb was not checked out in the samples. The results showed that the recovery of standard addition was 99.57%-102.10%, the relative standard deviation (n=9) was 0.18%-2.26%. The method is quick, simple and convenient，and the results are satisfactory.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1173-1175 [Abstract] ( 455 ) PDF (451 KB) ( 420 )

	1176	Classification and Application Principles of Optical-Fibre Transducer
		DING Xiao-ping¹, WANG Wei¹, FU Lian-chun²
		One of the new transducers is optical-fiber transducer, which has a wideying application prospect. The present paper describes the principles, classifications and advantages of the fiber sensor, and also reports the basic features and the outline of the application of the fiber sensors in types of intensity, phase and polarization modulation.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1176-1178 [Abstract] ( 431 ) PDF (360 KB) ( 493 )

	1179	Linear Scanning Analysis of Prehistoric Human Bones in Xigongqiao Site, Tengzhou, Shandong Province by Use of SEM-EDS
		HU Yao-wu¹,HE De-liang²,DONG Yu³,WANG Chang-sui¹,GAO Ming-kui²,LAN Yu-fu²
		Ancient human bones in Xigongqiao Site, Tengzhou, Shandong Province, were analyzed by use of SEM-EDS. SEM indicated that the microstructure of Haversian system was destroyed under the impact of bone diagenesis. The apparent difference in elemental distribution in the bone cross section showed that the enrichment or loss of elements can occur not only in the inner and outer surface, but also in the middle. This study will have great influence on how to deal with the ancient human bones before any palaeodietary research in the future.
		2006 Vol. 26 (06): 1179-1182 [Abstract] ( 515 ) PDF (954 KB) ( 357 )

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