矿物药炉甘石煅制前后锌、铅元素的赋存形态及分布特征研究

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2019)07-2278-05

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Abstract Zinc element and lead element were gauged to reveal their occurrence forms and distribution characteristics inraw Calamine and calcined Calamine in order to get ready for the deducting of lead. X-ray diffraction (XRD) mothed was used to analyze the occurrence form, main carrier mineral of zinc and lead. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) methodwas usedto performregion-wide scanning of elements, qualitative and quantitative analysis of micro-area components of the raw and calcined Calamine. Stood on the XRD data of 21 batches samples, hydrozincite (Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆) was provedto be the main mineral species in raw Calamine, while smithsonite (ZnCO₃) was occasionally. As impurity minerals, hemimorphite (Zn₄(OH)₂(H₂O)(Si₂O₇), calcite (CaCO₃), dolomite (CaMg(CO₃)₂), quartz (SiO₂) were detected. For comparison with the raw Calamine, themain mineral of calcined Calaminewas zinc oxide (ZnO). The impurity minerals were zinc silicate (Zn₂SiO₄) and calcium Calcite (CaCO₃), while zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄) was occasionally. Zinc is the subject element of Calamine. According to 21 batches of raw Calamine, Zn existed generally as the main mineral species as hydrozincite (Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆), and the impurity mineral speciesas hemimorphite (Zn₄(OH)₂(H₂O)(Si₂O₇), occasionally as smithsonite (ZnCO₃). The backscatter electron images and element distribution data from EPMA of raw Calamine samples illustrated that: Zn and Pb were simultaneously existent in hydrozincite area; Zn and Si were simultaneously existent in the hemimorphite area; Ca and Mg were simultaneously existent in the dolomite area; Ca was individually existent in the calcite area. In raw Calamine samples, Pb was mainly existent in hydrozincite area, closely associated with Zn element. Quantitative inspection of electron probes in a large number of hydrozincite sites showed that, the ratio of ZnO/PbO content in hydrozincite tended to be fixed, and Pb was statistically evenly distributed in hydrozincite, verifying that Pb occurs mainly in the lattice of hydrozincitein isomorphism. But Pb content was much lower in the area of hemimorphite, calcitenor dolomite of raw Calamine, even can’t be detected. Zn and Pb in the lattice of hydrozincite were respectively transformed into ZnO and PbO after calcination. Zinc distributed continuously in calcined Calamine, mainly existing in the form of zinc oxide and less of zinc silicate (Zn₂SiO₄). Lead distributedin isolation in calcined Calamine, mainly existing in the form of lead oxide, which no longer has correlation with zinc element. Calcination destroyed the lattice structure of hydrozincite, broke the symbiotic state of zinc and lead in Calamine, changed the distribution characteristics of the elements and enhanced the feasibility of deducting lead.

Key words：Calamine; Calcination; X-ray diffraction (XRD); Electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA); The lead element; The zinc element; occurrence form; Distribution characteristics

Received: 2019-01-22 Accepted: 2019-04-29

ZTFLH:

P575.1

Corresponding Authors: ZHANG Zhi-jie E-mail: zzjtcm@126.com

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https://www.gpxygpfx.com/EN/10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2019)07-2278-05 OR https://www.gpxygpfx.com/EN/Y2019/V39/I07/2278