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| The Influence of Anthocyanin on Plant Optical Properties and Remote Sensing Estimation at the Scale of Leaf |
| LIANG Shou-zhen1, SUI Xue-yan1, WANG Meng1, WANG Fei1, HAN Dong-rui1, WANG Guo-liang1, LI Hong-zhong2, MA Wan-dong3 |
1. Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
2. Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
3. Eco-redline Supervision Conter, Satellite Environment Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100029, China
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Abstract Anthocyanin (Anth) is the third major group of leaf pigments. It can provide valuable information about plant physiology, and the information on the dynamics of their concentrations is a key to understand plants' the physiological reaction and resistance to different environmental stress factors brought about by episodic events or seasonal fluctuations. Traditionally, pigments are extracted from vegetation with spectrophotometry or high-pressure liquid chromatography, which are destructive and do not permit repeated measurements on the same samples. Optical methods monitoring plant physiological status through measuring leaf optical properties (absorbance or reflectance) possess several advantages over traditional destructive methods. However, there is a lack of research on the inversion of Anth through optical methods. Overlapping features in the specific absorption coefficient of pigments makes retrieving Anth content through remote sensing challenging. Understanding the relationship between Anth and leaf optical properties is necessary and helpful to estimate Anth content from leaves. This research used PROSPECT-D, a radiative transfer model including Anth parameter, to construct leaf spectral data in different parameter conditions. The global sensitivity analysis was conducted to quantify the influence of Anth on leaf optical properties through the modified Sobol method. we aimed to find sensitive Anth bands and calculate spectral indices relating to Anth content. Furthermore, inversing strategies based on hyperspectral narrow wavebands and spectral indices, including the Anthocyanin Reflectance Index (ARI) and modified Anthocyanin Reflectance Index (mARI), were discussed. The results showed that: (1) Anth can influence leaf optical properties in the 400~689 nm range, and leaf reflectance decreased in the visible band when Anth concentration increased. (2) The leaf reflectance in 467~589 nm was sensitive to the dynamics of Anth concentrations. There was the highest total sensitivity index of Anth at 509 nm. Chlorophyll and carotenoid had an impact on leaf reflectance in 467~589 nm. According to total sensitivity indices of chlorophyll and carotenoid, three spectral regions can be formed: 467~505 nm (influenced by carotenoids, chorophylls and Anth), 506~541 nm (influenced by Anth and carotenoids), 542~589 nm (influenced by chorophylls and Anth). (3) Anth concentration correlated best with leaf reflectance at 560 nm. Because of the pigments' overlapping absorption features, including chorophylls and carotenoids, Anth had better relationship with spectral indices than reflectance in individual narrow wavebands. Spectral indices partly removed other plant pigments' influence on plant leaf reflectance. Consequently, they can describe the dynamics of Anth concentrations accurately. This research will provide a theory method for remote sensing estimation of Anth content at the leaf scale.
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Received: 2022-07-25
Accepted: 2022-11-04
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