Study on the Material and Mineral Source Characteristics of Jade Excavated From Longwangshan Tomb in Jingmen
HU Qiao1, YANG Ming-xing1, 2*, LIU Yue1, LIU Ji-fu1, DAI Lu-lu1
1. Gemmological Institute, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
2. Gem Testing Center, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
Abstract Longwangshan Tomb, located in Jingmen city, Hubei Province, belongs to a key transitional period between the Daxi Culture and the Qujialing Culture, dating back about 5, 000 years. The tomb unearths 73 pieces of jade, whose quality is generally good. In the past a few years, few jade articles have been unearthed in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. At the same time, the changing period of time is also a period of social change. The study of jade articles unearthed from the Longwangshan Tomb is of great significance in terms of geographical location and period. Relative density detection, infrared spectrometer and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer are used to study the spectral and chemical composition characteristics of unearthed jade articles, identify their material, and explore the level of selecting jade material and mineral source. The infrared spectrometer results show that the infrared absorption spectrum of jade excavated from Longwangshan Tomb can be divided into two categories: tremolite and agate. The infrared absorption peaks of tremolite jades are at 1 207, 1 123, 1 028, 928, 775, 700, 602, 488 and 425 cm-1. The infrared absorption peaks of agate jades are at 1 158,814,790,702,572,521 and 405 cm-1. There are 71 pieces of tremolite jade, and the quality is very good, indicating that the level of jade selected by the ancestors of the Longwangshan Tomb is very high. Comparing the level of selecting jade in the tombs of Longwangshan with that of other archaeological cultures of the same period, the level of selecting jade in the tombs of Longwangshan is far superior to that of the same period. Comparing the level of selecting jade in the tombs of Longwangshan with that in the Neolithic age of Hubei province, the level of selecting jade in the tombs of Longwangshan is far higher than the average level of Hubei province. The laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer showed that trace elements of jades made of tremolite mainly consist of Al, Na, Mn, K, P, etc. and are enriched in W, U, P and Sb elements, while Th and Tielements are depleted. The rare earth distribution patterns of jades are diverse, including horizontal seagull shape, left inclined type and right inclined type. Ce anomalies are generally not obvious, while Eu anomalies are mainly positive and negative. With the help of SPASS software, the rare earth elements and trace elements content of the jade excavated from Longwangshan Tomb were analyzed, and the jade was inferred to be from a deposit with the similar metallogenic environment to Xinjiang. However, the possibility of multiple sources of jade was not ruled out because of the diversity of its geochemical characteristics.
Corresponding Authors:
YANG Ming-xing
E-mail: yangc@cug.edu.cn
Cite this article:
HU Qiao,YANG Ming-xing,LIU Yue, et al. Study on the Material and Mineral Source Characteristics of Jade Excavated From Longwangshan Tomb in Jingmen[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2022, 42(12): 3736-3744.
[1] LI Tao-yuan,LONG Yong-fang,HUANG Wen-jin(李桃元, 龙永芳, 黄文进). Jianghan Archaeology(江汉考古), 2008,(4):23.
[2] TIAN Guang-lin,CAI Jing-xuan(田广林, 蔡憬萱). Journal of Liaoning Normal University·Social Science Edition(辽宁师范大学学报·社会科学版), 2014, 37(1):129.
[3] ZHANG Chi(张 弛). Archaeology and Cultural Relics(考古与文物), 2012,(6): 17.
[4] CHEN Jian-hui, HU Yong-qing(陈建辉,胡永庆). Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology(文物保护与考古科学), 2020, 32(5): 33.
[5] YUAN Yi-meng,HU Yong-qing,LIU Song(袁仪梦, 胡永庆, 刘 松). Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis(光谱学与光谱分析), 2021, 41(4):1306.
[6] LIU Jun,LIU Qi,LIU Song(刘 珺, 刘 琦, 刘 松). Journal of Gems and Gemmology[宝石和宝石学杂志(中英文)], 2020, 22(1):39.
[7] ZHANG Xue-yun,ZHU Wen-bin,GUO Ji-chun(张学云, 朱文斌, 郭继春). Journal of Gems and Gemmology(宝石和宝石学杂志), 2018, 20(S1):105.
[8] Chen L, Liu Y S, Hu Z C, et al. Chemical Geology, 2011, 284(3): 283.
[9] Liu Y S, Hu Z C, Gao S, et al. Chemical Geology, 2008, 257(1): 34.
[10] SUI Jiao,LIU Xue-liang,GUO Shou-guo(眭 娇, 刘学良, 郭守国). Laser & Optoelectronics Progress(激光与光电子学进展), 2014, 51(7): 073002.
[11] SU Bing-qi,YIN Wei-zhang(苏秉琦, 殷玮璋). Cultural Relics(文物), 1981,(5):10.
[12] Department of Archaeology, Jilin University(吉林大学考古系). Qingguo Collection-Collection of the 10th anniversary of the archaeology Department of Jilin University(青果集—吉林大学考古系建系十周年纪念文集). Beijing:Intellectual Press(北京: 知识出版社), 1998.
[13] JIANG Su-hua(蒋素华). Southeast Culture(东南文化), 2002,(5):63.
[14] XIA Ying(夏 颖). Journal of Anhui University of Technology·Social Sciences(安徽工业大学学报·社会科学版), 2011, 28(3):27.
[15] FANG Xiang-ming(方向明). Southeast Culture(东南文化), 2010,(6): 87.
[16] MA Ji-xian,LU Dei-pei(马继贤, 卢德佩). Acta Archaeologica Sinica(考古学报), 1987,(1):45.
[17] Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology(湖北省文物考古研究所). Yichang Yangjiawan(宜昌杨家湾). Beijing:Science Press(北京: 科学出版社), 2013. 262.
[18] ZHANG Yu-yan,QIU Zhi-li,YANG Jiang-nan(张钰岩, 丘志力, 杨江南). Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni(中山大学学报·自然科学版), 2018, 57(2):1.