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| Research on Noise Reduction Method for TDLAS Signal Detection Based on BOA-VMD-AWTD Algorithm |
| ZHANG Fu1, 2, LIU Zhi-hua1, YAN Bao-ping1, WANG Jia-jia3, FU San-ling4* |
1. College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
2. Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang 471000, China
3. College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
4. College of Physics Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
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Abstract To reduce the influence of noise in the second harmonic signal on signal quality and concentration inversion accuracy in tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectroscopy, an optimization objective function was constructed by combining the mean square error and correlation loss between the reconstructed signal and the reference signal. The key parameters of VMD, including the penalty factor α, the number of decomposition layers k, the number of wavelet decomposition layers, and the threshold coefficients, were optimized using the Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA), so that the optimal parameter combinations could be obtained and the accuracy of VMD signal decomposition could be improved. Based on the energy distribution of the intrinsic mode functions and the correlation index, a scoring mechanism that combines energy and correlation was designed to enhance the adaptability of the algorithm under various signal characteristics. In this study, the absorption spectrum of CO gas at 1 567 nm was taken as an example. Five noise reduction algorithms, namely EMD, VMD, BOA-VMD, PSO-VMD, and BOA-VMD-AWTD, were selected to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method through simulation. The simulation results showed that the BOA-VMD-AWTD algorithm achieved the best noise reduction performance, with an SNR improvement of 14.70 dB and an NCC value of 0.999 3. PSO-VMD, BOA-VMD, and BOA-VMD-AWTD were applied to reduce the noise in the second harmonic signals obtained from the experiment. The experimental results demonstrated that the linear fitting coefficient R2 of the signal amplitude after noise reduction, for CO concentrations ranging from 0.01% to 0.10%, reached as high as 0.999. To verify the stability of the BOA-VMD-AWTD algorithm, the second harmonic signals corresponding to a pre-set CO volumetric concentration range of 0.01%～0.10% were denoised, and an NCC value of 0.999 was achieved. Furthermore, to further confirm the stability of the BOA-VMD-AWTD algorithm, a pre-set CO volumetric concentration of 0.05% was continuously sampled, and the stability of the resulting concentration data was analyzed. The standard deviation σ after noise reduction was 0.000 5%, indicating that noise was effectively suppressed, while the mean value of the signal before and after denoising remained unchanged. These results provided effective technical support for TDLAS signal processing.
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Received: 2025-04-29
Accepted: 2025-06-11
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Corresponding Authors:
FU San-ling
E-mail: fusanling@126.com
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