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| Research Progress of Miniaturized Vis/NIR Spectrometers in Leaf and Fruit Nondestructive Detection |
| ZHANG Xu1, XIE Zhuo-jun1, QIN Zi-quan1, ZHAO Rui-jie1, LIU Wen-zheng1, BAI Xue-bing1, XIONG Xiao-lin2*, LIU Xu1 |
1. College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
2. Xue Lin Yuan (Shenzhen) Wine Culture Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
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Abstract The physiological indicators of leaves reflect crop growth status, while the physicochemical parameters of fruits characterize their quality attributes. Efficient detection of key indicators in leaves and fruits is a crucial prerequisite for achieving precision agriculture. Visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy can non-destructivelydetect material composition and internal structures by capturing molecular vibrations and electron transition signals, synchronously acquiring spectral information across both visible and near-infrared bands. Currently, benchtopspectrometers are expensive, bulky, and power-consuming, making them difficult to use for on-site detection. The prices of commercial portable spectrometers and handheld spectrometers have decreased, but the level of intelligence is not high, which limits the widespread adoption of miniaturized spectrometers. To achieve more economical, efficient, and flexible spectral detection, the miniaturization of Vis/NIR spectrometers has become a critical research direction. In recent years, the development of sensor technology and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) has driven the miniaturization of spectrometers. The advancement of data analysis optimization and machine learning modeling has further improved spectral detection accuracy. This paper compared key technologies in the development of miniaturized Vis/NIR spectrometers, including structural design, spectrometer integration, and model transfer. It analyzed spectral data processing optimizing methods, such as preprocessing, outlier removal, and feature extraction. Extraction. The construction of qualitative and quantitative prediction models, as well as evaluation indicators for these models, was discussed. Furthermore, it reviewed the latest domestic and international research progress in applying miniaturized Vis/NIR spectrometers to detect leaf physicochemical parameters (e.g., chlorophyll content, nitrogen levels, water content) and fruit quality indicators (e.g., sugar content, titratable acidity, color attributes). Current drawbacks in non-destructive detection of leaves and fruits were summarized, and future research directions for miniaturized Vis/NIR spectrometers were proposed. These research results provide directional guidance for the development of Vis/NIR spectrometer technology and have important reference value for the application and promotion of crop leaf and fruit detection.
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Received: 2025-03-13
Accepted: 2025-06-20
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Corresponding Authors:
XIONG Xiao-lin
E-mail: somso99999@163.com
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