微生物气溶胶荧光法在线监测及其校准技术研究进展

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2025)05-1201-08

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摘要：微生物气溶胶监测对于确保国家安全和人类健康至关重要。基于荧光探测技术的在线监测方法，凭借其响应快速、便携性强和灵敏度高等优势，在微生物气溶胶监测领域脱颖而出。该方法能够精确识别单个生物气溶胶颗粒，并实时监测环境中的气溶胶含量。其工作原理在于利用紫外激光诱导生物粒子的本征荧光，再通过对其本征荧光的探测实现对生物粒子的识别。虽然荧光法在线监测设备在监测环境空气中生物粒子的浓度和粒径大小方面具有显著优势，但我国在这一领域的技术发展尚处于初级阶段。近20年来，国际上基于激光诱导的微生物气溶胶在线监测设备取得了显著进展。这些进步主要体现在探测粒径范围扩展，探测粒子种类增加，探测分选通道细分，以及机器人与算法编程语言的进步，以及激发光成本优化等方面。然而，由于缺乏标准的荧光校准方法，这些仪器的定量和应用受到限制，同时也增加了不同测量结果之间比对的复杂性。随着在线监测仪器的应用更加广泛，荧光法探测气溶胶仪器的性能评价和校准技术研究逐渐受到关注。目前，针对荧光法生物气溶胶探测系统的校准研究已开始起步，但尚未形成统一的性能评价准则。简要介绍了荧光法在线监测仪器的发展，并首次对基于荧光法单粒子在线监测及其校准技术的研究现状进行了汇总。为微生物气溶胶探测技术的发展和微生物气溶胶探测仪器性能评价体系的建立提供有力支撑。

关键词：生物气溶胶；在线监测设备；荧光法；校准技术

Abstract：Microbial aerosol surveillance is essential to ensure national security and human health. The online monitoring method based on fluorescence detection technology stands out in microbial aerosol monitoring due to its advantages of fast response, strong portability, and high sensitivity. This method accurately identifies individual bioaerosol particles and monitors real-time aerosol content in the environment. Its working principle is to use ultraviolet lasers to induce the intrinsic fluorescence of bioparticles and then detect the intrinsic fluorescence signals to achieve the identification of bioparticles. Although fluorescence online monitoring equipment has significant advantages in monitoring the concentration and particle size of biological particles in ambient air, the technological development in this field in China is still in its infancy. In the past 20 years, significant progress has been made in laser-induced online monitoring of microbial aerosols. These advances are mainly reflected in the optimization of excitation light cost, the subdivision of detection sorting channels, and the advancement of robotics and algorithm programming languages. However, the quantitative application of these instruments is limited by the lack of standard fluorescence calibration methods, which also increases the complexity of comparing different measurements. With the widespread application of online monitoring instruments, fluorescence aerosol detection instruments' performance evaluation and calibration technology have gradually attracted attention. The calibration research on fluorescence bioaerosol detection systems is still in its infancy, and no unified performance evaluation criteria have yet been formed. This paper briefly introduces the development of fluorescence online monitoring instruments, the research status of fluorescence-based single-particle online monitoring, and its calibration technology, which is summarized for the first time. It provides strong support for developing microbial aerosol detection technology and establishing a performance evaluation system for microbial aerosol detection instruments.

Key words：Bioaerosols; On-line monitoring equipment; Laser-induced fluorescence; Calibration technique

收稿日期: 2024-06-07 修订日期: 2024-10-23

中图分类号:

TH741

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFF0604004)，中国计量科学研究院基本科研业务费项目（AKYZZ2408）资助

通讯作者: 刘晓萌 E-mail: liuxiaom@nim.ac.cn

作者简介: 胡兴枝，2000年生，江苏科技大学理学院硕士研究生 e-mail: 1787425051@qq.com

引用本文:

胡兴枝，刘晓萌，张圣梓，向军，汪洪军. 微生物气溶胶荧光法在线监测及其校准技术研究进展[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2025, 45(05): 1201-1208.
HU Xing-zhi, LIU Xiao-meng, ZHANG Sheng-zi, XIANG Jun, WANG Hong-jun. Research Progress for Online Monitoring and Calibration Technology on Microbial Aerosol With Fluorescence Method. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2025, 45(05): 1201-1208.

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