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2004 Vol. 24, No. 01 Published: 2004-01-26

光谱学与光谱分析

	1	Method to Measure Spectrum Intensity from Laser Plasma Soft X-ray Source
		NI Qi-liang, GONG Yan, CHEN Bo, CAO Jian-lin
		This paper presents a method to detect and measure spectrum intensity from a laser plasma soft X-ray source. A Channel Electron Multiplier (CEM) and a caliberated silicon photodiode were used as detectors in this method, the former is a nonstandard detector and the latter is a standard one. Charge-sensitive preamplifiers were used for measuring total charges generated by detectors, and a monochromator with high resolution was employed as the spectrometer． The formulae to calculate spectrum intensity from laser plasma soft X-ray source was given, based on the known grating efficiency of the monochromator, CEM’s gain and responsivity of the silicon photodiode to photons.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 1-3 [Abstract] ( 1076 ) PDF (947 KB) ( 446 )

	4	Application of BaSO₄ Diffuser Plate in 250-400 nm Spectral Radiance Calibration
		JIA Hui, LI Fu-tian
		Sprayed BaSO₄ diffuser plate is the most Lambertian surface actually used in spectral radiance calibration known by now. Its hemispheric reflectance and Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Functions(BRDF) were measured in the experiment. Its diffuse characteristics were compared with Lambertian surface. In order to calibrate spectral radiance more accurately, the small variation of diffuser’s BRDF with scattered angles and the nonuniformity of spectral irradiance on diffuser surface illuminated by the standard lamp should be considered. By integrating the radiation flux reflected by the element area and that entering the entrance slit within the viewing area of spectrometer, the measured spectral radiance can be calculated. Further more, the spectral radiance of Lambertian surface whose BRDF was derived from hemispheric reflectance was compared with that from the average of the measured BRDF.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 4-8 [Abstract] ( 1982 ) PDF (980 KB) ( 746 )

	9	Up-conversion Luminescence in Nanocrystalline Zirconia Co-doped with Yb³⁺ and Tm³⁺ Ions
		LIU Huang-qing, QIN Guan-shi, LIN Hai-yan, WU Chang-feng, QIN Wei-ping, ZHANG Ji-sen, ZHAO Dan
		Nanocrystalline zirconia co-doped with Yb³⁺ and Tm³⁺ ions was prepared by co-precipitation. Up-conversion luminescence of the samples doped with different Tm³⁺ concentrations was investigated under a 980 nm LD excitation. When x=0.2 and 0.4, the luminescences of the two samples were mostly the same: strong blue up-conversion peaked at 474 nm and very weak red up-conversion were observed, corresponding to the transitions of ¹G₄→³H₆ and ¹G₄→³F₄ respectively. However, there was no luminescence of x=1. Blue up-conversion luminescence of 0.2 mol% Tm³⁺-ions-doped nanocrystalline zirconia under different annealing temperatures was investigated. Blue up-conversion emission grew stronger with annealing temperature increasing. With pumping current increasing, blue up-conversion emission grew stronger too. By studying the sources of blue up-conversion, we concluded that it was three-photon process.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 9-11 [Abstract] ( 536 ) PDF (941 KB) ( 361 )

	12	Effect of Temperature and Applied Voltage on the Recombination Efficiency in Double Layer Organic Light Emitting Diodes
		XU Xue-mei^{1, 2}, PENG Jing-cui¹, LI Hong-jian¹, QU Shu¹, ZHAO Chu-jun¹
		In this paper, the theoretical model of recombination was presented and the effect of temperature and applied voltage on the recombination efficiency was investigated in double layer organic light-emitting diodes: ITO/PPV/PBD/Ca. At lower applied voltage, two peaks have been observed in the curve of recombination efficiency vs． temperature. With increasing voltage, the two peaks shifted toward each other, and at voltage around 9 V the two peaks converged. These phenomena were attributed to the excited deep and shallow trap levels and the change of recombination zone. In the Frenkel exciton model,the temperature dependence of the quantum efficiency depended on the carriers mobilities and carriers densities.The carriers mobilities increased with decreasing temperature, while the carriers densities decreased with decreasing temperature. Therefore, a peak in the curve of quantum efficiency vs． temperature was expected in the model. The high-temperature peak originated due to radiative recombination of the deep trap levels, but the low-temperature peak due to shallow ones. On the other hand, as the voltage increased, the recombination zone would be changed, which had some effects on the recombination efficiency. Some experiments proved our theoretical prediction.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 12-14 [Abstract] ( 246 ) PDF (819 KB) ( 390 )

	15	Flow Injection Analysis of Trace Amounts of Doxycycline with Inhibited Chemiluminescence Detection
		LI Nian-bing¹, DUAN Jian-ping², CHEN Hong-qing², CHEN Guo-nan¹
		A novel flow injection chemiluminescence method has been developed for the determination of doxycycline(DC) based on the inhibition of chemiluminescence reaction of Luminol-KMnO₄ by using DC in sodium hydroxide medium. Using different concentrations of KMnO₄, a series of good linear regression equations of decreased chemiluminescence intensity and the concentration of DC were obtained with different subsections in the concentration range of 0.005-5.0 μg·mL^-1. The detection limit (3σ) is 2.0×10^-3μg·mL^-1. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of DC in a pharmaceutical preparation.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 15-17 [Abstract] ( 1878 ) PDF (859 KB) ( 336 )

	18	Study on the Effect of α-Allyl on Luminescence Properties of Rare Earth Complexes with Acetylacetone
		XIAO Zun-hong, TAN Song-ting, ZOU Ying-ping, ZHAO Bin, WANG Xia-yu
		3-allyl-2,4-pentanedione(APD) was synthesized and its rare earth complexes were prepared. The compounds were characterized by EA，IR and ¹H NMR. The sensitization of acetylacetone was changed by allyl, which became a novel ligand of Eu.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 18-20 [Abstract] ( 1525 ) PDF (833 KB) ( 418 )

	21	A New Method for Small Displacement Test and Measurement Based on the Light Reflection Theory
		CHEN Ren-wen，SUN Ya-fei，CHEN Yong
		A new idea for small displacement test and measurement system based on light reflection is presented in this paper. Some theoretical researches using the method and experiments in practice were carried out. The results proved that the theory is feasible and efficient. Compared with the traditional small displacement test and measurement system, such as mechanical displacement magnifier; resistance strain test and measurement method; piezoelectric material strain test and measurement system and so on, this method has the following advantages: it creates little disturbance of the test and measurement system; the displacement magnification coefficient is high and is convenient for user to adjust; the test and measurement precision is high and is very easy for its realization;and the cost is low. It fits a lot of test and measurement situations.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 21-24 [Abstract] ( 1515 ) PDF (868 KB) ( 388 )

	25	The Preparation of NiFe₂O₄ Composite Nanoparticles and Spectral Properties
		ZHU Huai-wu¹, ZHANG Chao-ping²
		The composite nanoparticles of Ni-ferrite with coated gelatin were prepared with the gel-microemulsion chemical tailoring method. The gelatin FeCl₂ and NiCl₂ were used to prepare gel, which was tailored to be particles in micellar of microemulsion, and the particles were reduced, compounded and nucleated. Surveying by XRD, TEM, IR and EDS showed that the particles formed were coated by gelatin protein and their mean sizes are in the range of 10-100 nm, and particle sizes are 3.3-4.6 nm. There are about 3-22 NiFe₂O₄ particles on each spheroid. The measurement of magnetic parameters indicated that the specific saturation magnetization was σ_s=36.31×10³/4π(A·m^-1·g^-1)，coercivity was H_c=6 750 A·m^-1，and residual magnetism B_r=4.39×10³/4π(A·m^-1·g^-1).
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 25-28 [Abstract] ( 1510 ) PDF (960 KB) ( 355 )

	29	Study on Time-resolved Spectra Shape of Aluminum Plasma’s Characteristic Radiation
		SONG Yi-zhong^1，2，HE An-zhi¹
		Aluminum plasma was obtained with a Nd:YAG pulsed laser beam ablating target aluminum. The radiation information of the plasma was recorded on a time and space resolution basis. So the time-resolved spectra of Al plasma were obtained with a time delay of 10 to 10 000 ns. From those spectra, we acquired the time-resolved spectra of Al Ⅰ 396.15 and Al Ⅰ 394.40 nm, the characteristic lines of Al plasma radiation. The shape of the two characteristic lines was studied from 800 to 10 000 ns delay. Further more, the two characteristic lines were respectively fitted in Lorentz profile and Gauss profile with Lorentz and Gauss function. As a result, all the characteristic lines after 1 000 ns delay well fitted Lorentz profile, and before that time, they also fitted each other, but slightly. In the whole range of time delay, the experimental lines departed by far from the fitted Gauss profile. So we could conclude that the shape of Al Ⅰ 396.15 and that of Al Ⅰ 394.40 nm were all Lorentz lines, not Gauss ones. The half-high-full widths of the two characteristic lines were determined, aided with the Lorentz lines fitting. Compared with the natural widths of the two lines, the experimental results were much wider than the theoretical values.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 29-32 [Abstract] ( 985 ) PDF (1075 KB) ( 442 )

	33	Investigation on Optical Limiting Performance in Solution of Cobalt Porphyrin
		YIN Yan-feng, WANG Xiu-ru, OU Hui-ling, HAN Jun-he, MO Yu-jun
		The nonlinear optical effects of cobalt porphyrin have been investigated with three CW laser lines of 457.9, 488 and 514.5 nm, respectively. Three curves with peak followed by valley using the single beam z-scan technique were obtained. According to M Sheik-bahae’s theory the sample has a negative nonlinear refractive index, that is, there is a thermal self-defocusing effect. Three curves of transmittance show a decrease with the increase in the incident laser power, which means that the sample has reverse saturated absorption property under the three laser wavelengths. It’s well known that both thermal self-defocusing effect and reverse saturated absorption can lead to optical limiting. It was found that cobalt porphyrin has the optical limiting effect under those wavelengths, and that the critical value of optical limiting decreases with the decrease in laser wavelength. Furthermore, the effect of optical limiting is very good and the critical value is very low, so it’s a new optical limiting material with a great potential application value. For that, it is possible to use the co-operation of both effects from cobalt porphyrin to produce a new kind of optical limiting device.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 33-36 [Abstract] ( 1446 ) PDF (854 KB) ( 383 )

	37	Resonance Light Scattering Study on the Interaction of Victory Blue-B with Deoｘyribonucleic Acid and Application to DNA Assay
		SU Jie-shu^1，2，CHEN Xiao-ming¹，LONG Yun-fei²，LI Wei²，LUO Hai-tang²
		The enhancement of the Resonance Light Scattering (RLS) due to Victory blue-B on the molecular surface of DNA in alkalescence solution was studied. A method of resonance light scattering was developed to determine DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) was studied in the range of pH 9.0-10.5. The effects of interference substances and optimization of procedure were investigated and a new method was established for the determination of DNA at nanogram level based on RLS measurement. The linear range of the DNA is 0-3.0 mg·L^-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.997 8. The detection limit is 21.5 μg·L^-1. The method has been applied to the determination of DNA in mixed samples with satisfactory result.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 37-40 [Abstract] ( 2017 ) PDF (849 KB) ( 342 )

	41	Influence of FT-NIR Spectrometer Scanning Requirements on the Math Model’s Precision
		ZHAO Li-li，ZHAO Long-lian，LI Jun-hui，ZHANG Lu-da，YAN Yan-lu
		This study is based on the agriculture product near infrared spectra database，which is a foundation database. The database has very important effects on agriculture products quality analysis and agriculture breeding. What the NIR researchers and NIR users care about is how to utilize information of the foundation database fully. To share the NIR resource, unifying the scanning term to get high quality spectra is the first step. This article uses wheat powder as sample to study the influence of different resolution, different He-Ne frequency and sample granularity on the wheat powder protein model. The results show that scanning sample by 4, 8 or 16 cm^-1 resolution has little influence on the wheat powder protein math model. The change in He-Ne frequency has influence to wavenumber accuracy, but when the change is within 1 cm^-1, the influence is indistinctive. For FT-NIR instruments with He-Ne to have better stability, we needn’t often adjust the He-Ne wavenumber. Sample granularity has more distinctive influence on the NIR math models.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 41-44 [Abstract] ( 1471 ) PDF (809 KB) ( 482 )

	45	Nondestructive Analysis of Protein and Fat in Whole-kernel Soybean by NIR
		LI Ning, MIN Shun-geng, QIN Fang-li, ZHANG Ming-xiang, YE Sheng-feng
		Near-infrared diffusion reflectance spectroscopy is a fast technique that can provide component information about intact soybean samples. We have combined this technique with partial least-squares (PLS) regression to perform a quantitative determination of protein and fat contents in soybean samples. In calibration set, the NIR model determination coefficient R² of protein and fat is 0.993 0 and 0.975 2 respectively, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) is 0.76% and 1.3% respectively. The correlation coefficient r of validation set is 0.947 3 and 0.869 5 respectively. This NIR model is used to predict the contents of protein and fat in 264 soybean samples, using R-error to assess the deviation of analysis results. The minimum RSD of prediction of protein and fat is 0.04% and 2.46% respectively, and the maximum RSD of prediction of protein and fat is 2.45% and 4.25% respectively. These results are of great importance in early screening of crop breeding.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 45-49 [Abstract] ( 1063 ) PDF (900 KB) ( 569 )

	50	A New Approach to the Fast Measurement of Content of Amino Acids in Cordyceps Sinensis by ANN-NIR
		ZHAO Chen, QU Hai-bin, CHENG Yi-yu
		A new method for fast determining the content of amino acid in Cordyceps sinensis by means of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was developed. Colorimetry was first employed to measure the actual content of amino acid in Cordyceps sinensis． BP neural network was introduced to model the quantitative correlations between the NIR spectra and the contents of glycine, arginine and total amino acid. By comparing several preprocessing procedures and wavelength ranges, the optimal models could be obtained in the range of 7 501.7-6 097.8 cm^-1 and 5 453.7-4 246.5 cm^-1 with first derivative NIR spectra. Standard errors of prediction set (RMSEP) for glycine, arginine and total amino acid were 0.08, 0.07 and 0.36, respectively. The ultimate eｘperimental results indicated that the proposed artificial neural networｋ model was far superior to those of partial least sｑuare regression(PLS) and principal component regression(PCR)． As an effective nonlinear multivariate calibration strategy, this paper could offer a new approach to the fast measurement of content of chemical components in traditional Chinese medicine by NIR spectroscopy.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 50-53 [Abstract] ( 998 ) PDF (824 KB) ( 443 )

	54	Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra Analysis of Nucleic Acid in Human Breast Tissue
		FAN Xiao-yan¹，HUO Hong²，HUANG Wei-dong²，CHE Xun²，WANG Xing-fu²
		DNA molecular constitution is damaged to result in the inductive variation of base structure in female breast tissue under the influence of physical factors and chemical factors. The present research indicated that the FTIR spectra can reflect sensitively the change in the constitution. Our findings indicated that normal, benign and cancerous breast tissues are different in constitution and content of protein, nucleic acid and sugar, comparing the FTIR spectra, deconvolution spectra and date analysis. The result indicated that the content of collagen protein and nucleic acid increased obviously in cancerous tissue, while the content of glycoprotein increased gradually except mucinous carcinoma. After extracting nucleic acid of breast tissue, we further investigated the difference of constitution and content of base and phosphate by comparing normal , benign and cancerous breast tissues. The spectra and spectral data showed that the degree of hydrogen-bonding of base ring guanine(Gue) increased in cancerous tissue, base ring adeine(Ade) presented mostly in oxydic 8-OH-Ade via the attack of the ·OH in cancerous breast, the peak position shifted to higher wave number with enhancing of CN vibration, and the content of phosphate increased. After deconvolution, the ratio A_{1 080}/A_{1 050} showed that the amount of PO^-₂ relative to C—O increased from normal to cancerous breast tissues. It provided a important basis to study the mechanism of cancerization from molecular biology and molecular medicine.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 54-58 [Abstract] ( 1494 ) PDF (862 KB) ( 359 )

	59	Determing Mole Ratio of Monomers in New Adsorbent of Solid-phase Microextraction by Infrared Spectroscopy
		WANG Wen-bo, SHEN Shu-chang, AN Hong, SHI Xiang-chun
		In the present paper, butyl acrylate and phenylethylene were used as monomers, benzoyl peroxide as evocator, n-butyl acetate and methylbenzene as solvent, a new type of solid-phase micro extraction adsorbent that is phenylethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer was synthesized by solution polymerization. The polymer has good behaviour for adsorbing arenas. According to Lambert-Beer law and some calculation process, the linear relation between the absorptance (y) of the two functional groups, which are benzene and ester, and the two monomers’ mole ratio (x) was obtained. The absorptances were determined by IR. The standard curve was obtained by external standard method. The linear regression equation is y＝0.136 2+0.084 1x. The precisions and recoveries were investigated. RSD is 2.464%, and recoveries are 92.89%-103.94%. The results are satisfactory. This method is rapid and accurate.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 59-61 [Abstract] ( 1340 ) PDF (853 KB) ( 353 )

	62	The Improvement of Sample Preparation for Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis
		LIU Li-jun, JIANG Heng, GONG Hong, SU Ting-ting
		Routine preparation methods of liquid and solid samples for IR analysis are introduced，deficiencies of conventional KBr pellet and liquid film most often used are pointed out and a modified preparation method of sample is put forward, i.e. preparing a liquid film by using two blank KBr pellets or by dipping blank KBr pellet into solution which is the mixture of sample and low boiling point organic solvent. For low boiling point liquid sample, a liquid film is prepared by using two blank KBr pellets; for high boiling point liquid sample, dipping a blank KBr pellet is used; for solid sample, dipping a blank KBr pellet is used as well. From the comparison of routine and modified preparation methods, this new method can meet the need of qualitative analysis and overcome the deficiencies of conventional KBr pellet and liquid film.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 62-64 [Abstract] ( 977 ) PDF (858 KB) ( 398 )

	65	Study on Atmospheric Photo-oxidation of Methyl Hydroperoxide Initiated by Cl-atom
		SHI Fei，CHEN Zhong-ming
		Organic peroxides play an important role in chemistry of the atmosphere and in controlling urban air quality; however, accurate knowledge about their atmospheric reactions is lacking. In this paper, the experimental simulation was employed to study the atmospheric photo-oxidation of methyl hydroperoxide (CH₃OOH, MHP), a key organic peroxide in the atmosphere. At the temperature of (292±2)K and pressure of 9.3×10⁴ Pa (20% O₂+80% N₂), the MHP photo-oxidation was initiated by Cl-atom and the process of reaction was in-situ observed by long path Fourier transform infrared (Long Path FTIR) spectrometry. From FTIR spectra, the main products observed were formaldehyde (HCHO), formic acid (HCOOH), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), and minor methanol (CH₃OH) was found as well. Within the reaction period of 60 min, yields were determined: 24% for HCOOH and 6% for CO; 50% for HCHO at its maximum concentration although its yield was varying with the reaction time. Finally, reaction mechanisms were discussed, which implied that MHP is a reservoir of odd-hydrogen radicals (HO_x) and plays an important role in atmospheric photo-reactions.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 65-67 [Abstract] ( 1680 ) PDF (832 KB) ( 452 )

	68	The Study of Adsorption of L-aspartic Acid on Silver Sol by Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering
		ZHU Zhi-liang¹，GAO Jun-ying¹，LI Feng-ting²，ZHANG Bing-ru²
		The adsorption state and the characteristics of L-aspartic acid adsorbed on silver sol were studied by the Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) method. Strong Raman signals were detected in the experiments. The results suggested that L-aspartic acid adsorbed on the silver surfaces through carboxyl and nitrogen atoms since the signals were mainly due to the carboxyl and the nitrogen of the molecule of L-aspartic acid. The adsorption of carboxyl on the silver surfaces is chemical adsorption, which is based on the mechanism of charge-transfer, while the adsorption of nitrogen on the silver surfaces is physical type, which is due to the electromagnetic mechanism. The intensity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering of L-aspartic acid adsorbed on silver surface was also analyzed, and it was found that the intensity of surface-enhance Raman scattering will change with different concentrations of L-aspartic acid adsorbed on the silver surfaces. The intensity will reach the top value when the concentration of L-aspartic acid was 10^-3 mol·L^-1. When the concentration of L-aspartic acid decreased to 10^-4 mol·L^-1, the intensity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering became a little weaker than that with 10^-3 mol·L^-1. With further decrease in the concentration of L-aspartic acid, the intensity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering also decreased gradually. When the concentration of L-aspartic acid decreased to 10^-6 mol·L^-1, the intensity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering was very low. The above study will be helpful to the further study of peptide and other complex biological systems.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 68-70 [Abstract] ( 839 ) PDF (833 KB) ( 414 )

	71	The Analysis for Raman Spectra of Nd:YVO₄
		ZHAO Peng¹，XIA Hai-rui¹，LU Gui-wu¹，LI Li-xia²，Meng Xian-lin³
		The factor group symmetry analysis method was used to analyse the Raman spectra of neodymium-doped yttrium orthoanadate Nd:YVO₄ which were measured at room temperature with different geometrical configurations. All the Raman peaks were assigned on the basis of the group theory and lattice dynamics thoery. According to the peak numbers of the Raman spectra, we concluded that the primitive cell of Nd:YVO₄ contains four formula units.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 71-73 [Abstract] ( 1570 ) PDF (833 KB) ( 357 )

	74	Study on the Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry of the Combination between Samarium(Ⅲ) Ion Probe and Bovine Serum Albumin
		LI Lei, LI Xun, QI Xun, LUO Guo-tian
		The synthesis of solid compound of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with samarium (Ⅲ) ion was studied. The FTIR spectrum shows that samarium (Ⅲ) ion forms high sensitivity compound with BSA′s oxygen in hydroxyl and nitrogen in amidocyanogen or amide groups. The ultraviolet spectrum shows that samarium (Ⅲ) ion binds directly with residue of tyrosine. The character of the combination between samarium (Ⅲ) ion and BSA was studied under simulated physiology conditions. The fluorescence spectrum shows that the molar ratio of samarium (Ⅲ) ion to BSA is 2.5∶1, with apparent complex constant lgK=11.00. By cyclic voltammetry, the paper reports the stability of compound of BSA with samarium (Ⅲ) ion and the effect pH on the of combination between samarium (Ⅲ) ion and BSA.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 74-77 [Abstract] ( 1481 ) PDF (883 KB) ( 475 )

	78	Fluorescence Study on the Interaction of Salicylic Acid and Bovine Serum Albumin
		XIAO Hou-rong, SHENG Liang-quan, SHI Chun-hua, XU Xiao-long, XIE Yong-shu, LIU Qing-liang
		The interaction between salicylic acid and bovine serum albumin has been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that the quenching mechanism of the combination of bovine serum albumin with salicylic acid is a static quenching procedure, the quenching constant K_sv is 1.097×10⁴ (mol·L^-1)^-1, and the equilibrium constant is 7.377×10⁴. The number of binding sites is 1 and it is a strong one. When the ratio of molar concentration of salicylic acid to bovine serum albumin is lower than 1∶1, it binds to Trp residue first but it doesn’t result in any microenvironment changes of Trp residue. The binding distance between salicylic acid and bovine serum albumin and the energy transfer efficiency were obtained based on the theory of Frester spectroscopy energy transfer.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 78-81 [Abstract] ( 1057 ) PDF (894 KB) ( 416 )

	82	Convolution Spectrometric Determination of the Effect of Hydroxyl Radical Scavenger on UV Radiation-induced DNA Aberrance
		LU Feng, XIAO Jie, LIN Pei-ying, YANG Gen-jin
		Convolution spectrometry was applied to determining the DNA aberrance induced by UV-A, UV-B and UV-C radiation, and the extent of minute aberrance was quantitatively expressed by the differential value of convolution spectra. The differential values of DNA solutions irradiated by UV-A, UV-B and UV-C increase in turn, indicating an increscent DNA aberrance. The addition of dimethylsulfoxide or mannitol to DNA solution decreases the differential value in respective way under UV-A, UV-B and UV-C radiation, representing different inhibitory effects. Dimethylsulfoxide decreases the UV-A-induced DNA aberrance by 60%(approximate value), UV-C-induced aberrance by 35%(approximate value), and UV-B-induced aberrance by 20%(approximate value), while mannitol shows similar inhibitory effects (40%, approximate value) for UV-A, UV-B and UV-C -induced DNA aberrance. Although the extent of DNA aberrance varies, the distribution of differential points of convolution spectra reveals that the types of UV radiation-induced DNA aberrance are similar, and the inhibitory mechanism of two hydroxyl radical scavengers is possibly the same.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 82-84 [Abstract] ( 983 ) PDF (883 KB) ( 362 )

	85	Studies on Application and Mechanism of Energy Transfer System of Acridine Orange(AO)-Rhodamine B(RB) Dimer in the Determination of DNA
		GAO Feng, ZHU Chang-qing, WANG Lun
		Not only dye monomer is the form of energy transfer but also dye dimer is the effective form of energy transfer. In this work, the energy transfer system of acridine orange(AO)-rhodamine B(RB) dimer was built for the determination of DNA as fluorescence probe. At the same time, the mechanism was also considered. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linear range of this assay was 0.33-1.33 mg·L^-1 for fish sperm DNA and 0.33-3.33 mg·L^-1 for calf thymus DNA, the detection limit was 1.63×10^-3 mg·L^-1 for fish sperm DNA and 1.52×10^-3 mg·L^-1 for calf thymus DNA, respectively. The RSD for the determination of 1.00 mg·L^-1 DNA was 2.40% for fsDNA and 2.00% for ctDNA, respectively. The method was used for the determination of DNA in synthetic samples with satisfied results.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 85-88 [Abstract] ( 531 ) PDF (881 KB) ( 333 )

	89	Analysis of Contents of Flavonoids in Mongolian Medicine Zhenbao Pills Ⅱ and Ⅲ
		YUN Xue-ying，CHEN Qi-xiu，TONG Jie，HAN Yan-ping
		Both Zhenbao pills Ⅱ and Ⅲ are Mongolian medicine of a ｋind． Zhenbao pill Ⅱ was the artificial syntheses and Zhenbao pill Ⅲ was made from natural materials． In this paper，the flavonoids of Mongolian medicine Zhenbao pills Ⅱ and Ⅲ were eｘtracted by Soｘhlet apparatus with methyl alcohol as eｘtracting agent，the colorimetric method was applied to the determination of flavonoids，and the eｘperimental procedure was studied with Zhenbao pill Ⅱ as the test sample． The result showed that the linear range of quantitative determination was 8.05-48.28 μg·mg^-1. The standard addition recovery(SAR) was 99.49%-100.50%. The RSD(n=3) was 0.54%.The range of contents of flavonoids was 1.47-1.55 mg·g^-1 in Zhenbao pill Ⅱ and was 2.88-3.00 mg·g^-1 in Zhenbao pill Ⅲ. This method was simple and accurate with good reproducibility，and is suitable for the determination of flavonoids in all ｋinds of pills． The contents of flavonoids can be used to prove whether Zhenbao pill is artificial syntheses or natural material.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 89-91 [Abstract] ( 1081 ) PDF (792 KB) ( 361 )

	92	Spectra of Complexes Eu(Ⅲ)-furoic Acid
		LI Xia
		Three europium complexes [Eu(FA)₃·2H₂O]·NO₃(4,4’-Hbpy)，[Eu(FA)₃·phen]H₂O and Eu(FA)₂·NO₃·phen have been synthesized (FA=α-furoate, phen=1,10-phenanthroline, 4,4’-Hbpy=4,4’-bipyridine). The compositions and structures of these complexes were determined with elemental analysis, IR, UV and luminescence spectra. The luminescence spectra of the Eu complexes in solution show that the intensity of the ternary complex [Eu(FA)₃·phen]H₂O is higher than that of the quaternary complex Eu(FA)₂·NO₃·phen, and much higher than that of [Eu(FA)₃·2H₂O]·NO₃(4,4’-Hbpy). The measured lifetime is 0.46 ms for complex [Eu(FA)₃·2H₂O]·NO₃(4,4’-Hbpy). These measured lifetimes are 1.13 and 1.20 ms for complexes [Eu(FA)₃·phen]H₂O and Eu(FA)₂·NO₃·phen，respectively. This phenomenon correlates with antenna effect of phen and luminescence quenching of coordinated water.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 92-94 [Abstract] ( 1075 ) PDF (825 KB) ( 494 )

	95	Visible Spectral Character of Heme Iron in Biomacromolecules
		LI Ren-qiang¹, CHEN Yao², JIANG Feng-yi¹
		The visible spectra of hemin, hemoglobin, cytochrome C, peroxidase and so on were compared and analyzed based on the experiments. The fifth and sixth coordinate bond of heme iron in biomacromolecule may affect their visible spectra in peak form and position. The sixth coordinate bond of ferrous heme iron that is in low-spin displays two peaks, and in high-spin, ferrous heme without the sixth coordinate bond of iron gives only one peak. That is in favor of our understanding of the character, function and stability of heme-containing biomacromolecule. The spectral character of iron coordinate bonds is due to that these coordinate bonds change the iron position related to porphyrin plane and its spin state.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 95-97 [Abstract] ( 1077 ) PDF (849 KB) ( 637 )

	98	Syntheses and Spectral Studies of Functionalized ZnS Nanoparticles as Fluorescence Probes
		WANG Le-yu, ZHAO Chang-qing, ZHU Chang-qing, WANG Lun
		In this work, nano-ZnS has been successfully prepared. The nano-ZnS has also been modified with sodium mercaptoacetic acid. The functionalized nanoparticles are water-soluble and biocompatible. All the nanoparticles have been characterized by IR spectra, UV spectra, fluorescence spectra and TEM images. In comparison with single organic fluorophore, the nanoparticles probes are brighter and more photostable, and do not suffer from blinking. The nanoparticles have a narrow, tunable, symmetric emission spectrum and a broad, continuous excitation spectrum. They are also photochemically stable. Effects of proteins and nucleic acids on the UV spectra and fluorescence spectra of the functionalized ZnS have also been studied. The intensities of UV spectra and fluorescence spectra of the functionalized ZnS are enhanced by proteins, and，however, are quenched by nucleic acids. The functionalized colloidal solutions prepared are hopeful of use as fluorescence probes in biological staining and diagnostics.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 98-101 [Abstract] ( 1734 ) PDF (994 KB) ( 356 )

	102	The Luminescence Characters of Heterocyclic Selenium Compounds and Metallic Ion in Ethanol Solutions
		ZHENG Wen-jie^1，2，ZENG Xin-hua¹，GUO Bao-jiang²，YANG Fang¹，BAI Yan¹，OUYANG Jian-ming¹
		We investigated the luminescence characters of the ethanol solutions containing metallic ions and heterocyclic selenium compounds with different molecular structures in this paper. Heterocyclic selenium compounds included piazselenole(PS), 4,5-benzopiazselenole(BP), 5-methyl-piazselenole(MP)，and 4,4＇-dipiazselenole(DP). The results were as follows: (1) When the conjugative effect of piazselenoles increased, the emission spectrum shifted to lower frequencies; (2) Sn(Ⅳ) made the DP emission wavelength shorten. Sn(Ⅳ) reduced the fluorescence of MP, but caused fluorescence enhancement for BP and DP. The fluorescence of PS couldn’t be detected at normal temperature, but strong fluorescence of PS was determined when the ratio of n_Sn(Ⅳ)/n_PS was 0.5; (3) Sn(Ⅳ)，Cr(Ⅲ)，Cd(Ⅱ)，Cu(Ⅱ) and Sb(Ⅲ) caused fluorescence enhancement for BP. The fluorescence of BP was reduced when increasing the concentration of Fe(Ⅲ) and Fe(Ⅱ). Zn(Ⅱ)had little effect on the fluorescence of BP.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 102-105 [Abstract] ( 1139 ) PDF (836 KB) ( 410 )

	106	Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Multicomponent Mixtures by a Soft Thresholding Wavelet-based Radial Basis Function Neural Network
		GAO Ling, REN Shou-xin
		A Soft Thresholding Wavelet-based Radial Basis Function Neural network (STWRBFN) method was developed to perform simultaneous quantitative analysis of multicomponent mixtures. The quality of noise removal and regression was improved by combining wavelet soft thresholding with radial basis function neural network. Through optimization, the wavelet function, wavelet decomposition level (L), thresholding method and spread parameter σ of RBFN were selected. Two-programs, i.e. PSTWRBFN and PRBFN, were designed to perform STWRBFN and RBFN calculations. Experimental results showed the STWRBFN method to be successful and better than RBFN. Comparing with classical multivariate linear regression, both the methods were more powerful.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 106-110 [Abstract] ( 1004 ) PDF (1001 KB) ( 375 )

	111	The Interaction of Berberine and Human Serum Albumin
		ZHAO Chang-chun¹, ZHENG Wei-fa², LI Meng-qiu²
		The interaction of berberine and Human Serum Albumin(HSA) has been studied by fluorescence and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. With fluorescence quenching method, the binding constant K was found to be 1.168×10⁵ L·mol^-1 and the number of binding site n was 5.26. The binding distance(R=3.44 nm) and energy transfer efficiency (E=0.303) were also obtained according to Frster’s non-radiation energy transfer theory. The energy transfer path between tyrosine residual and tryptophan residual was cut by berberine in the site of HSA and weak fluorescence berberine-HSA complex was also observed.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 111-113 [Abstract] ( 1520 ) PDF (883 KB) ( 415 )

	114	Study on Determination of Trace Copper(Ⅱ) by Catalytic Kinetic Discoloring Spectrophotometry
		ZHENG Huai-li¹, LONG Teng-rui²，ZHU Yan¹
		A kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace Cu(Ⅱ) was developed in this paper. This method is based on the discoloring oxidation reaction between malachite green and hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by copper(Ⅱ) in the medium of HCl solution. The influential factors of reaction and the optimum conditions for the determination of Cu²⁺ were investigated in detail. The decrease in absorbance was measured at 615 nm at fixed time intervals. The linear determination range is between 0 and 22 μg·L^-1 of copper(Ⅱ). A detection limit of 1.92 μg·L^-1 is achieved. The catalytic and non-catalytic reactions are the first-order on copper(Ⅱ), in the reaction time interval 15-20 min at 70℃. The apparent activation energy of the catalytic reaction is 122.3 kJ·mol^-1. The apparent rate is 7.70×10^-4 s^-1. The Relative Standard Deviations(RSD) are 1.16% and the recoveries are 98.3%-100.3%. By masking Fe(Ⅲ) ion with PO^3-₄, the method can be applied to the determination of copper in water sample and foodstuffs with satisfactory results.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 114-117 [Abstract] ( 1948 ) PDF (894 KB) ( 766 )

	118	Simultaneous Determination of Phenol and Aniline in Waste Water by Absorbance Ratio Derivative Method
		NI Yong-nian, ZHOU Xiao-qun, QIU Ping
		A method of simultaneous determination of phenol and aniline in waste water by absorbance ratio derivative is reported in this paper. The sample, with which the pretreatment steps such as extraction, distillation, color development, and acid addition were not needed, was directly determined by the proposed method. Several synthetic samples of phenol and aniline and some real samples of waste water were determined by the method and satisfactory results were obtained. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the linear ranges of determination are 1.01-24.24 mg·L^-1 for phenol and 1.01-24.29 mg·L^-1 for aniline. And the limits of detection are 0.097 mg·L^-1 for phenol and 0.685 mg·L^-1 for aniline. For synthetic mixtures, the relative standard derivations (RSD) are less than 2.60% for both phenol and aniline, and the recovery is in the range of 95%-104%, but for real water samples the recovery is in the range of 91%-108%. The proposed method features high sensitivity and rapid resolution.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 118-121 [Abstract] ( 1614 ) PDF (832 KB) ( 391 )

	122	Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Water in Organic Solvents
		LI Gui-zhi，LIU Yong-ming
		In the presence of a small amount of water, the chloranilic acid was disassociated. The absorption peak was bathochromic-shifted and the absorption intensity dramatically enhanced. Based on this fact, a spectrophotometric method was developed for determining water in many kinds of organic solvents. The mechanism and conditions for the determination were studied thoroughly. The water in alcohol samples (white wine, food alcohol and reagent alcohol) was detected with satisfactory results. The method was simple, sensitive and of good reproducibility. The linear range was φ(H₂O) 0.02%～10% in alcohol. The method was also used for the determination of water in other organic solvents such as methanol, 2-propanol, acetone, butanone, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran, and the calibration curves were obtained, respectively.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 122-124 [Abstract] ( 534 ) PDF (864 KB) ( 356 )

	125	Study on Spectrophotometric Determination of Silver(Ⅰ) with 2-(2-Quinolinylazo)-1, 5-Dihydroxidebenzene
		TAI Xi¹, HU Qiu-fen¹, YANG Guang-yu², YIN Jia-yuan²
		The color reaction of silver(Ⅰ) with 2-(2-quinolinylazo)-1, 5-dihydroxidebenzene (QADHB) and the solid phase extraction of the colored chelate with Waters Sep-Park C₁₈ cartridge were developed. In the presence of pH=5.0 sodium citrate-sodium hydroxide buffer solution and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) medium, QADHB can reacts with silver to form a chelate of a molar ratio 1∶2 (silver to QADHB). This chelate can be enriched by the solid phase extraction with Waters Sep-Park C₁₈ cartridge. The retained chelate can be eluted from cartridge with ethanol. In ethanol medium, The molar absorptivity is 6.99×10⁴ L·mol^-1·cm^-1 at 550 nm. Beer′s law is obeyed in the range of 0-1.2 μg·mL^-1. This method can be applied to the determination of silver in water with satisfactory results.
		2004 Vol. 24 (01): 125-127 [Abstract] ( 247 ) PDF (807 KB) ( 426 )

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