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2004 Vol. 24, No. 08 Published: 2004-08-26

光谱学与光谱分析

	897	Spectrum Diagnostic of Arcjet
		ZHAO Wen-hua, SHEN Yan, CHEN Li-ming
		Arcjet is a kind of propulsion device for mechanical operation and control of spacecraft. As its specific impulse is far greater than classical device using chemical propellant, arcjet is playing an increasing role in spacecraft propulsion.To improve our understanding of its working mechanics, the diagnostic method of arcjet is discussed and a set of spectrum diagnostic system is established in this paper. With this system, spectrum diagnostic was executed for Ar propellant at a setting value of flow rate and input current in a vacuum chamber. The result shows that the system has a high signal-to-noise ratio and the data colleted can reflect the physical process objectively. Through transaction and analysis of these data, radial distribution of emission coefficient was obtained for different spectral lines, and radial distribution of temperature was also obtained through farther analysis of the emission coefficient. The result shows that under the experiment conditions of this paper, arcjet is in thermodynamic non-equilibrium state, therefore the temperatures obtained by different spectral lines are different.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 897-901 [Abstract] ( 983 ) PDF (1055 KB) ( 390 )

	902	Plane Scan Analysis of the Surface of White and Blue Porcelain by SRXRF Method
		YANG Yi-min¹, FENG Min¹, ZHU Jian¹, MAO Zhen-wei¹, WANG Chang-sui¹，HUANG Yu-ying², HE Wei²
		In this article, the authors analyze the surface of a piece of porcelain shred in Xuande Period by SRXRF, and the result shows that each peak area of elements differs in distribution pattern. According to the relationship between element peak area and color variation, and yellow fleck in glaze, it is possible to divide 13 elements，i.e. K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, Rb, Sr, Y and Zr，into three groups. This phenomenon will indicate how to search the “finger elements" in each dynasty; at the same time, it will present important information for research on the forming mechanism of yellow flecks in glaze.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 902-906 [Abstract] ( 1965 ) PDF (3798 KB) ( 563 )

	907	The Study of Absorption Spectrum for Cell Substrate
		ZHAO Yuan-li^{1, 2}, ZHANG Feng-qiu², GE Xiang-hong², YAO Shu-xia², LIANG Er-jun²
		The authors collected the absorption spectrum of RPMI 1640 and DMEM substrates that cultivated Hela and CNE by UV-3101 spectrophotometer and analysed the absorbability of proteins in the substrate. The absorption peaks of the RPMI 1 640 culture medium that cultivated cells for different times shifted from 227 to 222 or 218 nm and from 278 to 280 nm respectively; while during growing course of cultivated cells, one of the absorption peaks of DMEM culture medium shifted from 224 nm to one near 221 nm, and the absorption peak 278 nm almost had no shift. All of these shifts show that the content of each amino acid such as tryptophan and casein has already changed. That is, during the growing course of cultivating cancer cells, the tryptophan and casein were not depleted equivalently. In the growth period of Hela and CNE, they consumed different amino acid. So they need different component proportion for amino acid.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 907-910 [Abstract] ( 1570 ) PDF (882 KB) ( 729 )

	911	Study on the Spectrum Response Characteristic Based on the Wide Type Bacteriorhodopsin Film
		YANG Wen-zheng¹, HOU Xun^{1, 2}，CHEN Feng², FENG Xiao-qiang¹, YANG Qing¹, LI Bao-fang³
		The photochromic retinal protein bacteriorhodopsin (BR) was found in the cell membrane of the Archaean Halobacterium salinarium. The excellent photochromic and photocycle properties of the BR provide the possibility of many applications in the filed of optical information processing. In this paper, the spectrum response characteristic of the wild type bacteriorhodopsin molecule film was studied by using pump-probe method. After the samples was eｘcited by 532 nm YAG laser beam, the absorption spectra were probed by an optical fiber spectrum analysis (OSA). The absorption peaks at the ground state (B state) of the two samples are all at 562 nm wavelength. At 562 nm wavelength, the optical densities (OD) of the samples are about OD(WT1)_{562 nm}＝2.04 and OD(WT2)_{562 nm}＝1.37 respectively. The experiment results show that BR_WT films have absorption that appears to strengthen with the probe time increasinｇ in wavelength 550-650 nm，and this change phenomenon is described by spectra measured at different probe time. Appling the theoretical plot-fit of two exponentials to analyze the process of the absorption change it is found that this change includes two processes-fast process and slow process. Their corresponse time constants of BR_WT1 are about 11 ms and 60 s, and those of BR_WT2 about 24 and 30 s respectivelｙ.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 911-913 [Abstract] ( 1522 ) PDF (878 KB) ( 464 )

	914	Diffusion Reflectance Spectroscopy of ZrO₂ Phase Structure
		ZHAN Ying-ying，CAI Guo-hui，XIAO Yi-hong，WEI Ke-mei，CHEN Tian-ming，ZHANG Han-hui，ZHENG Qi^*
		Diffusion Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) was employed to study the surface phase structure of ZrO₂-based catalysts. The effect of calcining temperature, and the addition of Al₂O₃ and platinum on the surface and bulk phase structures of zirconia was studied by DRS combined with XRD, DTA and XPS. The same trend was observed that heating to higher temperatures results in the conversion to monoclinic zirconia in undoped samples, while incorporation of an appropriate amount of Al₂O₃ would stabilize the tetragonal phase zirconia. And the reduction processing of Pt／ZrO₂ affects crystallization and phase transitions, resulting in certain fraction of tetragonal ZrO₂ transferred to monoclinic ZrO₂. The DRS shows an appreciable difference in the corresponding XRD spectra that more monoclinic zirconia formed on the surface of catalyst during the reduction processing of Pt／ZrO₂, compared to the bulk of catalyst.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 914-917 [Abstract] ( 2009 ) PDF (927 KB) ( 581 )

	918	Photoexcitation Mechanism of Photoconductive Device by Organic/Inorganic Thin-Film Heteropairing
		JIN Hui，TENG Feng，LIU Jun-feng，MENG Xian-guo，XU Zheng，HOU Yan-bing，XU Xu-rong
		Photoconductive devices with organic (polyvinylcarbazole-PVK)／inorganic (zinc-sulfide—ZnS) thin-film heteropairing were fabricated. In external field, the excitation profile of the steady-state photoconductivity and the primary photoexcitation process of hybrid devices were presented and discussed. Comparison of photoconductivity of the devices and absorption spectra of PVK and ZnS implied that both layers absorption contributes to the photocurrent，but the effective part is at the interface of PVK and ZnS. The dependence of maximum photocurrent on the applied voltage and the dark and illuminated current spectra indicates the ultrafast charge transfer at the interface.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 918-921 [Abstract] ( 1015 ) PDF (906 KB) ( 379 )

	922	Progress of Organometallic Complexes and Their Application to Organic Electroluminescent Materials
		ZHOU Rui，AN Zhong-wei，CHAI Sheng-yong
		Organic electroluminescent (EL) material is one of most prospective display materials in flat panel display. Organometallic complexes, which have five or six member ring structures, with high stability, high melting point and high fluorescence quantum efficiency, are widely applied in organic EL devices. The recent progress in organometallic complexes is summarized in terms of the electroluminescence of ligands and metal atoms.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 922-926 [Abstract] ( 1428 ) PDF (977 KB) ( 398 )

	927	Study on the Chemiluminescence (CL) Analysis for the Determination of Pyrogallol in Water Environment
		ZHUANG Hui-sheng¹, WANG Qiong-e², WU Fang³
		The effect of polyhydroxyphenols on the new chemiluminescence (CL) system of isothiocyanatoisoluminol (ITCI) was studied. Pyrogallol was found to enhance the CL obviously, which provided a new CL method for the determination of pyrogallol. Effect of pH, KIO₄ and ITCI concentration on the CL intensity of the system was investigated. An intensive interference study of usual ions and screen reagent was also carried out. Under optimum conditions, a linear relationship between pyrogallol and CL intensity was observed in the range of 1.75×10^-8-2.5×10^-6 mol·L^-1. The detection limit of pyrogallol was 3.49×10^-9 mol·L^-1(DL＝3 s／r). The relative standard deviation was 5.60% (5×10^-7 mol·L^-1 pyrogallol, n＝9). Furthermore, the method has been applied to the detection of pyrogallol in a simulated sample with satisfactory results. The recovery of the method was 94.0%-112.0%.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 927-929 [Abstract] ( 1530 ) PDF (847 KB) ( 449 )

	930	A Comparative Study of Malignant Tissue Diagnosis Using ATR and Microscopy FTIR Spectroscopy
		REN Yu^1,2, XU Yi-zhuang¹, ZHAO Ying³, YANG Li-min¹, LI Qing-bo¹, ZHANG Yuan-fu¹, WENG Shi-fu¹, SHI Jing-sen², XU Duan-fu³, WU Jin-guang^1*
		A comparative FTIR study was undertaken between ATR (attenuated total reflection) and infrared microscopy on their application to measuring the same tissue for cancer diagnosis. The measurements showed that the coincidence of pathological diagnosis with ATR is higher than that of microscopy FTIR method. The result indicated that the measured area of tumor tissue is critical. The area for microscopy measurement is ～250 μm², it reflects the heterogeneity of the tissue. However, the ATR measurement provides more information of malignant tissue for the measured area is 1.9×10⁵ times than microscopy. Therefore, ATR exhibit the high accuracy in cancer detection for clinical application.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 930-932 [Abstract] ( 1039 ) PDF (889 KB) ( 469 )

	933	FTIR Spectroscopic Study on Gastric Tissue Samples from Gastroscopy
		SUN Xue-jun^{1, 2}，LI Qing-bo², SHI Jing-sen¹, REN Yu¹, ZHANG Yuan-fu², XU Duan-fu³, WU Jin-guang^2*
		A total of 184 specimens from gastroscopy were studied using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy. The spectra of small-sized gastric endoscope samples with high quality were measured using the modified FTIR spectrometer with a MCT detector. The results show that the spectra of chronic superficial gastritis are similar to those of the normal block tissue in our previous study. But there are significant differences in band location and relative intensity between the spectra of chronic superficial gastritis and those of normal gastric tissues. Similarly, the differences exist in the spectra of chronic atrophic gastritis and those of malignant gastric tissues. In addition, the subtraction technique can provide more information to identify well the gastric samples of chronic atrophic gastritis, superficial gastritis and gastric cancer from endoscope the detection. These results indicate that FTIR spectroscopy exhibits potential to diagnose the gastric samples from gastroscopy.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 933-935 [Abstract] ( 969 ) PDF (881 KB) ( 367 )

	936	Combustion Temperature Measurement of Solid Propellant by Remote Sensing FTIR
		LI Yan，WANG Jun-de^*，SUN Xiu-tun，ZHOU Xue-tie
		The combustion temperature of solid propellant was measured in this paper. Emission spectra of the combustion flame were collected with remote sensing FTIR at the resolution of 4 cm^-1. The combustion temperatures with the burning time were calculated from the maximum spectral line intensity and the molecular rotation-vibration spectra of HF molecule, respectively. Combustion temperatures at each time were all 1 788.8 K from the maximum spectral line intensity method. For comparison, the temperatures calculated from the molecular rotation-vibration spectra were 1 859.7，1 848.3, 1 804.0 and 1 782.7 K, respectively. Results show that the two methods are all dependable in measuring combustion temperature of solid propellant. But the maximum spectral line intensity method is more convenient and rapid than the other when the combustion is relatively stable.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 936-937 [Abstract] ( 1050 ) PDF (863 KB) ( 416 )

	938	A Basic Research to Share Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectrum Information Resource
		ZHANG Lu-da¹，LI Jun-hui²，ZHAO Long-lian²，ZHAO Li-li²，QIN Fang-li²，YAN Yan-lu²
		A method to share the information resource in the database of Fourier transform near-infrared(FTNIR) spectrum information of agricultural products and utilize the spectrum information sufficiently is explored in this paper. Mapping spectrum information from one instrument to another is studied to express the spectrum information accurately between the instruments. Then mapping spectrum information is used to establish a mathematical model of quantitative analysis without including standard samples. The analysis result is that the relative coefficient r is 0.941 and the relative error is 3.28% between the model estimate values and the Kjeldahl’s value for the protein content of twenty-two wheat samples, while the relative coefficient r is 0.963 and the relative error is 2.4% for the other model, which is established by using standard samples. It is shown that the spectrum information can be shared by using the mapping spectrum information. So it can be concluded that the spectrum information in one FTNIR spectrum information database can be transformed to another instrument’s mapping spectrum information, which makes full use of the information resource in the database of FTNIR spectrum information to realize the resource sharing between different instruments.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 938-940 [Abstract] ( 1831 ) PDF (839 KB) ( 528 )

	941	Identification of Edible Mushrooms by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
		LIU Gang¹，LIU Jian-hong², YANG Ai-ming³, DONG Qin³, SONG Ding-shan⁴
		In this paper, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify edible mushrooms belonging to Auriculariales, Aphyllophorales, and Agaricales of Basidiomycotina. Vibrational spectra of fruiting bodies of ten species belonging to nine different genera of mushrooms (one is cultivated，and the others are wild growing) were recorded. The spectra were divided into five regions, i.e. 3 050 to 2 800 cm^-1, 1 750 to 1 500 cm^-1, 1 500 to 1 200 cm^-1, 1 200 to 950 cm^-1, and 950 to 700 cm^-1. These regions contain characteristic bands among different mushrooms. According to the characteristic bands in the five regions, different species of mushrooms can be identified. Vibrational spectra in the interval between 950 and 700 cm^-1 could serve as fingerprints to discriminate different genera of mushrooms.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 941-945 [Abstract] ( 469 ) PDF (890 KB) ( 535 )

	946	Using Wavelet Transform for Information Extraction from Remote Sensing FTIR Spectra
		LIU Fang，WANG Jun-de^*
		How to use wavelet transform technology to extract information from remote sensing FTIR spectra, which were weak or always interfered by others, was described in the present paper. The Mexican hat function was used as a wavelet function to continuously transform the signals of pｕre chloroform, pｕre acetone and their mixture. The results indicated that the small scales were the ｇｕarantee of the accｕracｙ of correspondinｇ position between maｘimｕm modｕle of wavelet transform coefficients and break points of peaｋs． However，onlｙ one scale coｕld not determine the position of breaｋ point becaｕse of the effect of noise in small scales． On the contrarｙ，maｘimｕm modｕle of wavelet transform coefficients was relativelｙ stable in larｇe scales when noise was smoothed． Bｕt smoothness alwaｙs broｕｇht deviation of orientation． Therefore，mｕlti-scales shoｕld be combined to observe the breaｋ points of signals when ｕsinｇ wavelet transform technology． All in all，the breaｋ points of siｇnals coｕld be determined accｕratelｙ and stablｙ bｙ the wavelet transform technoloｇｙ and useful information was extracted. The signals were smoothed and magnified at the same time. According to the analysis of maximum module of wavelet transform coefficients and their orientation in different scales, some spectra, such as mixed and non-strongly-overlapped remote sensing FTIR spectra, could be recognized magnificently.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 946-949 [Abstract] ( 1430 ) PDF (928 KB) ( 379 )

	950	Preparation of Reactive Bright Blue Praseodymium Dyestuff and Its Spectral Properties
		LIU Xiao-zhen, YUAN Ya-qin, CAI Yu, ZHU Xian，WANG Yan-hong
		Reactive bright blue praseodymium dyestuff was prepared by using reactive bright blue and praseodymium oxide. The spectra of reactive bright blue praseodymium and dyed silk cloth by reactive bright blue praseodymium dyestuff were studied by UV-Vis and IR spectra respectively. In the ranｇe of 200-800 nm, reactive bright blue has four absorption peaks, and λ_max is 259 nm; reactive bright blue praseodymium has three absorption peaks, while λ_max is 264.00 nm. In the ranｇe of 420-760 nm, reactive bright blue has two absorption peaks at 661.50 and 625.50 nm, respectivelｙ，and λ_max is 661.50 nm; reactive bright blue praseodymium has only one absorption peak at 618.00 nm. Coordinate bond links reactive bright blue to praseodymium ion. Reactive bright blue praseodymium increases linking radicals as compared with reactive bright blue.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 950-952 [Abstract] ( 945 ) PDF (853 KB) ( 386 )

	953	Optimized-Design of Spectral Discriminator for Infrared Spectra of Polluted Gases
		NIE Liang, ZHANG Jun^*
		According to the spectral features of polluted-gases infrared spectra, a mixed multi-branch spectral discriminator is proposed. Experimental results indicate that the spectral discriminator not only has simple structure and high veracity for classification and recognition, but also has remarkable flexibility and stability. So it is a high-efficiency discriminator for real-time identified infrared spectra of polluted gases.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 953-956 [Abstract] ( 1004 ) PDF (895 KB) ( 382 )

	957	Identification Studies of Wild and Cultivated Rhodiola Saccharinensis A. Bor and Rhodiola Angusta Nakai Taken from Changbai Mountains by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry
		WANG Si-hong¹，YIN Qi-fan²，FAN Yan-ling³，YANG Yan-jie¹，JIN Xiang-shu¹，PIAO Ying-ai¹
		The petroleum ether, chloroform, and methyl alcohol extracts of wild and cultivated Rhodiola saccharinensis A. Bor and Rhodila angusta Nakai taken from Changbai Mountains, and obtained by the same isolation procedure, were for the first time studied with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FTIR), and the spectra obtained were compared with those of a sort of goods named Rhodiola Cake (Hong Jing Tian Kuai). It was shown that the infrared spectra of the wild and cultivated Rhodiola saccharinensis A. Bor and Rhodila angusta Nakai are different, which can be used to determine and evaluate their respective species.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 957-959 [Abstract] ( 1030 ) PDF (913 KB) ( 411 )

	960	Synthesis of Polymeric Drug Nanomicrospheres Containing Probenecid
		LI Qing-hai^1，2，WU Zheng-cui^1*，SUN Yu¹，SHEN Liang-jun¹
		Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, probenecid, was covalently linked with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The drug-linked HEMA(abbreviated as HP) can be copolymerized with methy methacrylate (MMA) to obtain polymeric drug nanomicrospheres in ethanol／water system. Polymers were characterized with ¹H-NMR, FTIR, GPC and TEM. The results showed that probenecid was linked with HEMA by ester bond, the microspheres were composed of copolymer of HP and MMA, whose statistical average diameters were (90±5)nm, containing 47.4% HP，and drug content was high.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 960-962 [Abstract] ( 996 ) PDF (1550 KB) ( 366 )

	963	Raman Scattering Study of Water up to 600 MPa at 290 K
		SUN Qiang¹, ZHENG Hai-fei¹, XIE Hong-sen², XU Ji-an³, Hines E⁴
		Raman scattering studies of the stretching band from liquid water have been conducted up to 600 MPa at 290 K. It is shown that (ν₁)_max decreases with increasing pressure initially and reaches the minimum at about 200 MPa, and increases at higher pressure up to about 400 MPa, then decreases with increasing pressure up to 600 MPa. And this is also in accordance with the behavior of r_OO under pressure． The authors conclude that, just like ice phase transition ice (Ⅰh)→ice(Ⅲ)→ice(Ⅴ), there also probably exists water phase transition water (Ⅰh) →water(Ⅲ)→water(Ⅴ).
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 963-965 [Abstract] ( 201 ) PDF (878 KB) ( 366 )

	966	Study on Fluorescence Spectra of Four Kinds of Pyrazoline Dimers
		LIAO Xian-wei¹, SU Yu², WANG Ying¹, ZHAO Ying¹, WU Xue-mei¹, LIANG Xiao-qin¹
		The fluorescence spectra of four kinds of pyrazoline dimers have been studied. Their geometric configurations have been optimized by semi-empirical method RHF/AM1 of quantum chemistry. There is no imaginary frequency in vibrational analysis. Their fluorescence spectra have also been calculated by RHF/CIS. The results of the calculation are essentially consistent with the experimental values.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 966-969 [Abstract] ( 988 ) PDF (870 KB) ( 379 )

	970	Study on Fluorescence Quenching Mechanism of HSA-PMA Associated Nanoparticle System
		YUAN Wei-en，JIANG Zhi-liang^*，PAN Hong-cheng
		In pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution, PMA is light yellow and has no absorption peak in the visible region. HSA has no color and no absorption peak in the visible region either. There is a fluorescence peak at 350 nm for HSA in pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution. HSA and PMA can combine into HSA-PMA association nanoparticles with a diameter about 80 nm by means of static gravitation. HSA has both hypochromic and color enhancement effects on PMA through our research. The fluorescence of Trp, Tyr and HSA can be quenched by PMA, but their quenching mechanisms are different. The fluorescence quenching of Trp and Tyr by PMA is due to molecule absorption in the range of emission wavelength，namely because of energy transfer often reported. The investigation results demonstrated that the formation of HSA-PMA associated nanoparticle and interface is the ultimate reason for fluorescence quenching, resonance scattering, and enhanced and hypochromic color.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 970-974 [Abstract] ( 1022 ) PDF (934 KB) ( 463 )

	975	Studies on the Preparation，Characterization and Fluorescence Property of Rare Earth with Alizarin Yellow R
		TANG Hui-an^{1, 2}，WANG Xiao-fang¹，LEI Xin-you¹，YANG Ru-dong²
		Four rare earth complexes with alizarin ｙellow R have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV and ¹H NMR in this paper. Their general formula was determined as the following: Na[REL₂]·2H₂O(RE=Sm, Eu, Tb, Y. NaHL=alizarin ｙellow R). The IR shows that the phenolic proton dissociates and the phenolic oxygen atom is coordinated to metals. The carboxylic oxygen atom is coordinated to metals by single dentate. The phenolic oxygen atom together with carboxylic oxygen atom chelates with ion forming a six-mumber ring. Two water molecules are coordinated to rare earth ion. The spectrum of the ligand shows that a band at 398 nm is shifted to 351-355 nm in the complexes showing that the carbonyl oxygen and phenolic oxygen atom are coordinated to the metal ion. The oxygen atom of group —NO₂ and nitrogen atom of NN do not bind to metal ions. The strong red fluorescence of Eu(Ⅲ) complexes is observed in the light of fluorescence lamp. Two strong fluorescence peaks of complex Na[EuL₂]·2H₂O may be attributed to the fluorescence spectra of ⁵D₀→⁷F₁ and ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transitions of Eu³⁺.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 975-977 [Abstract] ( 1556 ) PDF (847 KB) ( 378 )

	978	Synthesis and Luminescence Spectrum of Trinuclear Copper(Ⅰ) Complex
		LI Guan-liang¹, ZHAO Dong^2*, XIE Ya-xiong², CAO Jian², GUO Li-bing²
		The novel luminescent trinuclear copper(Ⅰ) complex [Cu₃(dppm)₃(NO₃)(OH)](NO₃) has been obtained by treating binuclear copper(Ⅰ) [Cu(dppm)(NO₃)]₂ with sodium tetraphenyl boron (dppm=Ph₂PCH₂PPh₂). The complex was characterized by physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods. The title complex exhibits photoluminescence behavior at room temperature.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 978-980 [Abstract] ( 1641 ) PDF (862 KB) ( 667 )

	981	Fluorescence Study by Simulating the Metabolizability of Carotenoid and Porphyrin during Cancer Development
		YU Jia, MENG Ji-wu, LI Ying, MA Jun,ZHENG Rong-er
		The purpose of the present work was to investigate the effects of carotenoid on the spectroscopic examination of human blood serum by simulating the metabolizability of the carotenoid and porphyrin during the development of cancer and by studying the fluorescence of them. Blood serum was prepared with blood sample from elbow vein and the luminescence center of blood serum was studied using photo induced-luminescence techniques. The major factors of blood serum fluorescence were electron transitions in serological protein, carotenoid and porphyrin molecules with conjugated groups. The intensity of the fluorescence spectrum at 530 nm was enhanced while the minimum intensity at 614 nm was also enhanced with the content of carotenoid increasing, thus the value of diagnostic symbol I decreased, namely the veracity of cancer examination decreased.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 981-983 [Abstract] ( 979 ) PDF (874 KB) ( 467 )

	984	Fluorescence of Tb³⁺-Calmodulin Complex and Its Analytical Application
		XIAO Feng-juan¹, LIU De-long², BAI Juan³, SUN Da-ye³
		Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca²⁺-binding protein of eukaryotes, and regulates a broad spectrum of fundamental cellular processes. CaM harbors four binding domains, among which domains Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ contain no tyrosine, only domain Ⅳ has one tyrosine for plant species. In contrast to mammals, plants express numerous CaM isoforms that exhibit differential activation or inhibition of CaM dependent enzymes in vitro. In the present study, the isoform Ⅱ of Arabidopsis thaliana CaM was used to test the binding properties of metal ion to CaM by Tb³⁺ fluorescence. The increase in fluorescence was monitored at 545 nm as a function of the number of Tb³⁺ bound to CaM using direct (221 nm) and indirect (280 nm ) excitation. Upon direct excitation of Tb³⁺-CaM , the fluorescence of Tb³⁺ increased markedly, and one of the pathways of energy dissipation of the excited state of Tb³⁺ was energy transfer to the vibrational levels of water molecules in the hydration sphere around the Tb³⁺ ion. When waters of hydration were removed as a result of Tb³⁺ binding to CaM, an increase in rate constants of luminescence was observed. The titration curve with direct excitation increased up to 4 mol of Tb³⁺ /mol of CaM before the onset of a plateau, in agreement with the expected maximum of four binding sites. Using indirect excitation at 280 nm, the resultant titration curve was sigmoid, albeit with less fluorescence intensity, also reached a maximum at a ratio of 4 mol of Tb³⁺ /mol of CaM, in which the first phase exhibits an end at 2∶1, and in this phase there was only a small increase in Tb³⁺ fluorescence. The fact that only the second pair of added Tb³⁺ shows a large enhancement in Tb³⁺ fluorescence suggests that it is Tb³⁺ bound to the low affinity sites that can accept energy from tyrosine group. The turning points of fluorescence titration curves were used to estimate the concentrations of CaM on the base of c_Tb³⁺＝4c_CaM.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 984-987 [Abstract] ( 1547 ) PDF (885 KB) ( 400 )

	988	Studies on the Interaction of Metalic Complex and DNA by the Spectral Methods
		LIN Qiu-yue，HU Rui-ding，ZHENG Xiao-hua
		The interaction of [Cu(A)₂]^2＋ (A=phen,bpy,en) complex ion and ct-DNA was investigated by using absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra. Based on the measurement of A₂₆₀ in the different pH mediｕms, the alkaline denaturation curves of DNA in the absence and in the presence of [Cu(phen)₂]^2＋ complex ion were obtained. The result showed that the alkaline denaturation for [Cu(phen)₂]^2＋ complex ion occured at a higher pH than that for DNA alone. The absorption of EB-DNA system in the presence of [Cu(phen)₂]^2＋ showed that [Cu(phen)₂]^2＋ could partly sustain the place of EB. The result of fluorescence spectra suggested that the [Cu(phen)₂]^2＋ complex ion could make the fluorescence intensity of EB-DNA system to decreased sharply. The effect of [Fe(CN)₆]^4- on the emission of [Cu(phen)₂]^2＋and [Cu(phen)₂]^2＋-DNA system was stｕdied. All the experimental results indicated that the intercalative binding mode was the major mode for the interaction of [Cu(phen)₂]^2＋ complex ion and DNA，and the size of ligands can effect the binding of complexes to DNA.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 988-990 [Abstract] ( 1442 ) PDF (903 KB) ( 371 )

	991	Azoic Color Reaction of Flavonoids and Their Analytical Application
		YU Qian¹, CHEN Xiao-kang², LUO Zong-ming¹, YANG Chi¹, MAI Hua-kun¹
		In NH₄Cl-NH₃·H₂O buffer solution of pH 10.4, diazo salt of p-sulfodiazoben-zene chloride reacts with rutin, morin, genistin, quercetin, hesperidin, baicalin and daidzin to form color azo-compounds. These azo-compounds have an absorption maximum at 430 nm except for baicalin azo-compound，which has an absorption maｘimｕm at 380 nm. The sensitivity of azoic color reaction is reductive in the order of above flavonoids and the molar absorptivity is maximum for rｕtin and is minimal for daidｚin among these azo-compounds，i.e. 3.28×10⁴ and 8.3×10² L·mol^-1·cm^-1 respectively. The proposed spectrophotometry has been applied to the determination of flavonoids in sophora seed and soybean cake. The RSDs of the method were found to be in the range of 0.75%-4.48%, and the recoveries were in the range of 99.3%-105.0%.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 991-994 [Abstract] ( 1435 ) PDF (898 KB) ( 485 )

	995	Spectrophotometric Study on the Color Reaction of Multicomponent Complex of Tungsten-3,5-Dibromosalicyl Fluorone-CTMAB-Tween80
		WANG Jun, WEI Xian-jun, LI Quan-min^*，YANG Lin
		In the presence of mixed surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTMAB) and Tween80, the photometric analysis properties of color reaction of 3,5-dibronosalicyl fluorone (DBSAF) with tungsten(Ⅵ) were studied. The experimental result showed that tungsten(Ⅵ) reacted with DBSAF to form a micelle complex with a maximum absorption at 527 nm in a 0.60 mol·L^-1 hydrochloric acid medium. The mixed surfactant remarkably improved the sensitivity of the method and the dissolubility of the complex. The apparent molar absorptivity of the complex is 2.64×10⁵ L·mol^-1·cm^-1 at 527 nm. Tungsten (Ⅵ) reacted with DBSAF to form a complex with a stoichiometric ratio of 1∶2, which was determined by mole ratio method and continual method of transformation, respectively. Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 0-400 μg tungsten(Ⅵ) per L. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of trace amount of tungsten in alloy steel samples.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 995-998 [Abstract] ( 1454 ) PDF (885 KB) ( 346 )

	999	Principle of Determining the Composition of Complexes with the Ratio of Double Peak Values at Double Wavelengths by UV Spectrophotometry
		ZHANG Lin-lin¹，ZHANG Yan-lin²，HUANG Yu-wei¹，HUANG Wen-jin¹
		In this paper, a new method for determining composition ratio of complexes was stｕdied with ratio of double peak values at double wavelengths by UV spectrophotometry. The ratio of the maximｕm peak value to the minimｕm peak value and the composition ratio of complexes are the same. The calculation formula for the composition of complexes is deduced in accordance with beers law and the theory of dissociation equilibrium of complexes：N=(ΔA₂ε^MR_λ₁-ΔA₁ε^MR_λ₂)/(ΔA₂ε^R_λ₁-ΔA₁ε^R_λ₂). The calcｕlated value and that obtained bｙ traditional method are agreeable. The method is reliable，simple, visual and quick.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 999-1002 [Abstract] ( 1427 ) PDF (874 KB) ( 372 )

	1003	New Progress in the Study on and Application of Organic Pollutants Photodegraded by Nano-TiO₂
		ZHENG Huai-li¹，ZHANG Jun-hua¹，XIONG Wen-qiang²
		Based on the newest papers about nano-TiO₂, the mechanisms of photocatalysis，ways of improving photocatalytic performance，and influencing factors of environment are discussed in this article. And the progresses in the study on some novel catalysis-enhanced or catalysis-assisted technologies such as infrared treatment, electric field effect, microwave effect and ultrasonic effect are introduced. Finally, the applications to waste water treatment, air refreshment in limited space and specially functional materials preparation in the last two years are reviewed.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 1003-1008 [Abstract] ( 483 ) PDF (919 KB) ( 380 )

	1009	Determination of Metal Ions in Tobacco and Application of Clustering Analysis
		SUN Yu-an¹, WANG Guo-qing¹, CHENG Ding-xi², YAN Ke-yu³, LI Xing-bo³，XIE Bing¹
		The contents of potassium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, ferrum and zinc were determined by flame spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry respectively. The dataset was clustered by fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. It is shown that the results of the FCM clustering analysis are more accurate than those of the hierarchical cluster analysis，and it is with positive meaning to apply FCM clustering analysis to estimating the producing area of tobaccos.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 1009-1012 [Abstract] ( 1426 ) PDF (858 KB) ( 448 )

	1013	Determination of Trace Copper and Zinc in Vegetable Oils by Derivative Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Combined with Flow-Injection Technique
		CHEN Lan-ju¹，ZHENG Lian-yi¹，ZHAO Di-shun¹，SUN Han-wen²
		A new method was proposed to determine trace copper and zinc in vegetable oils by derivative flame atomic absorption spectrometry combined with flow-injection technique. The flaw that sampling is large and matrix interference was serious in conventional Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(FAAS) was overcome by flow-injection sampling technique. The sensitivity and signal selectivity were enhanced when derivative technique was used in flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results of determinations of copper and zinc in vegetable oils were satisfactory by derivative flame atomic absorption spectrometry combined with flow-injection，which were not done by conventional FAAS or flow-injection FAAS. The sensitivities were 0.004 0 and 0.001 2 μg·mL^-1 for copper and ｚinc，respectively，and the relative standard deviation was 1.1%-5.1%.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 1013-1015 [Abstract] ( 1669 ) PDF (876 KB) ( 562 )

	1016	Simultaneous Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in Urines by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
		BAI Yu，OUYANG Jian-ming^*，BAI Yan，CHEN Mei-luan
		The contents of calcium and magnesium in urines were simultaneously determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimized working conditions were ascertained. For the determination of calcium, the used wavelength was 422.8 nm, and the current of HCL(Hollow Cathode Lamp) was 3 mA; for the determination of magnesium, the used wavelength was 285.2 nm, and the current of HCL(Hollow Cathode Lamp) was 4 mA. The height of burner and the air-acetylene ratio were 8 mm and 6∶1, respectively, for the determination of both calcium and magnesium. In order to remove the disturbance of phosphate，sulphate and silicate on the determination of calcium, a releasing reagent can be used. Lanthanum chloride (LaCl₃) was tested as a better releasing reagent than strontium chloride (SrCl₂). The disturbance of urinary substrate coｕld be avoided after the urines were diluted to 1∶100 with distilled water. The concentrations of Ca and Mg in 15 urines were determined under the optimized conditions. The obtained results were consistent with the archived data. The recovery was 96%-104%, the relative standard deviation for a sample was 1.8% with P＜0.05.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 1016-1019 [Abstract] ( 1527 ) PDF (872 KB) ( 480 )

	1020	Determination of Zinc in Relish by Derivate Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Microsampling Pulse Nebulization
		JI Xue-ping^{1, 2}, KANG Wei-jun², REN Qing-yu³，ZHAO Jin-pei³，SUN Han-wen¹
		A simple，rapid, microsampling method for the determination of zinc in relish by derivative FAAS is described. The influences of microsampling volume and other factors are discussed. The detection limit and sensitivity of the proposed method are 0.013 and 0.004 μg·mL^-1, respectively. The samples were centrifugalized and diluled with 1.5% HCl solution, and then analysized directly. The method was applied to the determination of zinc in relish with a recovery of 93.3％-113.3% and relative standard deviation of 3.0%-4.4%.
		2004 Vol. 24 (08): 1020-1022 [Abstract] ( 378 ) PDF (876 KB) ( 431 )

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