Study on Manufacturing Technique for Glazed Tiles Bodies from Mingzhongdu Site, Fengyang
YANG Gui-mei1, 2, YANG Yu-zhang1*, YAO Zheng-quan2, ZHANG Mao-lin3, WANG Zhi2, ZHANG Ju-zhong1
1. Department for the History of Science and Scientific Archaeology, University of Science and Technology of Chnia, Hefei 230026, China
2. Archaeology Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei 230061, China
3. Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen 333001, China
Abstract：In order to explore the manufacturing technique level and characteristic for glazed tiles in early Ming dynasty, Energy Disperse X-Ray Fluorescence(EDXRF) was used to the determination of chemical composition of 69 pieces glazed tiles bodies from Mingzhongdu Site in Fengyang(FMZD), and Minggugong Site in Nanjing(NMGG), thermal expansion instrument, water absorption rate determinator and polarizing microscope were used to analyze the bodies’ firing temperature and the rate of water absorption and apparent porosity, bulk density, microstructure. The results showed that, the sample bodies were divided into three types: high Ca and Fe, low Ca high Fe and low Ca low Fe, which meant that the raw materials of samples were from different areas. The chemical composition of some FMZD’s samples had a great similarity with NMGG, while the two places had obvious difference in chemical composition compared with Beijinggugong’s glazed tiles bodies, which suggested the raw materials for Beijinggugong’s samples were different from the Mingzhongdu and Minggugong’s samples. The results of firing temperature and physical properties, microstructure showed that: firing temperature of porcelain body in FMZD was so high that reached 1 140 ℃, lower in water absorption and porosity, and the porcelain body met the requirement of standards. While firing temperature of the pottery bodies was about 880~1 100 ℃，higher in water absorption and porosity, obvious differences in the samples of the FMZD’s, and it was speculated that the dispersion of the raw materials origin of the FMZD’s tiled glazes caused the differences on the firing temperature, water absorption and porosity. Compared with samples of NMGG and BGGM, absorption and porosity of the FMZD’s samples were higher than that’s, but firing temperature of the pottery bodies of the three places was below 1100℃. The microstructures of the FMZD and NMGG’s samples were rarely different from the pictures of the microstructures, which showed that the bodies raw materials were smashed subtly and elutriated highly, sintered higher, and tiled glazes had the better performance comparison. By studying the firing technology for tiled glazes during Hongwu Period in early Ming Dynasty, it not only enriched the course of the technological development of the tiled glazes, but also offered the gist for understanding the making-technology of tiled glazes and organization form of building Mingzhongdu.
Key words：Mingzhongdu tiled glazes; Multi-variate statistical analysis; Firing technology; Raw materials of origin
杨桂美，杨玉璋，姚政权，张茂林，王 志，张居中. 凤阳明中都遗址出土琉璃瓦胎体制作工艺研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2019, 39(04): 1280-1287.
YANG Gui-mei, YANG Yu-zhang, YAO Zheng-quan, ZHANG Mao-lin, WANG Zhi, ZHANG Ju-zhong. Study on Manufacturing Technique for Glazed Tiles Bodies from Mingzhongdu Site, Fengyang. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2019, 39(04): 1280-1287.
[1] YANG Yu-zhang, ZENG Ling-yuan, ZHANG Ju-zhong, et al(杨玉璋，曾令圆，张居中，等). Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis(光谱学与光谱分析) , 2017，37(4): 1009.
[2] YANG Yu-zhang, CUI Wei, ZHANG Ju-zhong, et al(杨玉璋，崔 炜，张居中，等). Cultural Relics of Central China(中原文物), 2014(4): 113.
[3] WEI Zheng(魏 徵). 《Sui Book》(《隋书》). Zhonghua Book Company(中华书局). Volume 68.
[4] WANG Yong-ping(汪永平). Traditional Chinese Architecture and Gardens（古建园林技术）, 1989，(4): 48.
[5] DUAN Hong-ying, DING Yin-zhong, LIANG Guo-li, et al(段鸿莺，丁银忠，梁国立, 等). China Ceramics(中国陶瓷), 2011，(4): 69.
[6] DING Yin-zhong, DUAN Hong-ying, KANG Bao-qiang，et al(丁银忠，段鸿莺，康葆强，等). China Ceramics(中国陶瓷), 2011，(1): 70.
[7] KANG Bao-qiang, WANG Shi-wei, DUAN Hong-ying, et al(康葆强，王时伟，段鸿莺，等). Journal of Gugong Studies(故宫学刊), 2013，(2): 234.
[8] KANG Bao-qiang, DUAN Hong-ying, DING Yin-zhong, et al(康葆强，段鸿莺，丁银忠，等). Relics from South(南方文物), 2009，(3): 116.
[9] 《Ming Taizu Records》(明太祖实录). Emended by Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica(中央研究院历史语言研究所校勘影印). Volume 450.
[10] 《Ming Taizu Records》(明太祖实录). Emended by Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica(中央研究院历史语言研究所校勘影印). Volume 83.
[11] Tite M S. Archaeometry, 1969，1(11): 131.
[12] LUO Hong-jie(罗宏杰). Chinese Ancient Ceramic And Multivariate Statistical Anaysis(中国古陶瓷与多元统计分析). Beijing: China Light Industry Press(北京：中国轻工业出版社). 1997. 22.
[13] MIAO Jian-min, WANG Shi-wei(苗建民，王时伟). ISAC’05(古陶瓷科学技术5国际会议论文集). Shanghai: Shanghai Sci-Tech Press(上海：上海科学技术出版社), 2005. 108.
[14] LI Jia-zhi(李家治). Chinese History of Sci-Tech·Volume of Ceramics(中国科学技术史·陶瓷卷). Bejing: Science Press(北京：科学出版社)，1995. 33.
[15] GUO Yan-yi, LI Guo-zhen(郭演仪, 李国桢). Technological Bases of Famous Chinese Porcelains(中国名瓷工艺基础). Shanghai: Shanghai Sci-Tech Press(上海：上海科学技术出版社)，1985. 25.
[16] LI Jia-zhi(李家治). Chinese History of Sci-Tech·Volume of Ceramics(中国科学技术史·陶瓷卷). Bejing: Science Press(北京：科学出版社)，1995. 71.
[17] TANG Geng-sheng, KAN Xu-hang(汤更生, 阚绪杭). Word Bricks of Fengyang MingZhongdu(凤阳明中都字砖). Beijing: Cultural Relics Press(北京: 文物出版社)，2016. 6.
[18] MA Tie-cheng(马铁成). Ceramic Technology(陶瓷工艺学). Beijng: China Light Industry Press(北京：中国轻工业出版社), 2011. 102.
