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2006 Vol. 26, No. 10 Published: 2006-10-26

光谱学与光谱分析

	1777	Characterization of the Organic Crystal DAST as a THz Emitter
		LI Kun¹, LI Chun¹, HU Zhang-gui², WANG Li¹, ZHANG Jie¹
		Using THz time-domain spectroscopy, the home-grown organic crystal DAST and widely used high-efficient ZnTe were characterized as THz emitters. Bolometer was also used to measure the absolute energy of THz radiation from DAST and ZnTe. The refractive index and absorption coefficient of DAST were measured too. It is concluded that the home-grown DAST is a kind of high-efficiency THz material, and could become a good THz emitter and detector after the improvement in growing process.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1777-1780 [Abstract] ( 1221 ) PDF (640 KB) ( 510 )

	1781	Investigation on Spectroscopic Properties of Yb³⁺-Doped Laser Glasses
		LI Wei-nan, DING Guang-lei, LU Min, XIANG Li-bin
		Yb³⁺-doped borosilicate glasses were prepared at high tempreture. The absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra were measured at room temperature. The integrated absorption cross section, stimulated emission cross section and fluorescent time were calculated. The results showed that the main peak wavelength was 975.15 nm in absorption spectra with one subpeak near 937.17 nm; emission peak was at 977.15 nm in fluorescence spectra with one subpeak near 997.42 nm; with increasing the sample thickness from 0.5 to 5 mm, luminescence intensity became greater, and the peak shifted to longer wavelength from 995.79 to 999.02 nm. The effective line width of fluorescence increased from 34.64 to 54.50 nm; Fluorescence lifetime decreased from 1.04 to 1.00 ms.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1781-1784 [Abstract] ( 1155 ) PDF (436 KB) ( 440 )

	1785	Spectroscopic Diagnostics of DC Argon Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure
		TU Xin^1，2,LU Sheng-yong¹, YAN Jian-hua¹,MA Zeng-yi¹,PAN Xin-chao¹,CEN Ke-fa¹,CHERON Bruno²
		The optical emission spectra of DC argon plasma at atmospheric pressure were measured inside and outside the arc chamber. The electron temperature was determined from the Boltzmann plot, and the electron density was derived from Stark broadening of ArⅠ lines. The criteria for the existence of local thermodynamic equilibrium(LTE)in the plasma was discussed. The results indicate that the DC argon plasma at atmospheric pressure under our experimental conditions is in LTE.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1785-1789 [Abstract] ( 1283 ) PDF (550 KB) ( 645 )

	1790	Spectral Properties and Energy Transfer of Ce³⁺ and Eu²⁺ Ions Co-Doped Ba₂SiO₄∶xCe³⁺,0.02Eu²⁺ Green Phosphor for White LEDs
		LIU Hong-li, HE Da-wei^*, SHEN Fang
		In the present paper, Ce³⁺ and Eu²⁺ co-doped silicate Ba₂SiO₄∶xCe³⁺,0.02Eu²⁺ green-emitting phosphors were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction in a CO-reductive atmosphere. The diffuse reflection spectra, excitation spectra, and emission spectra of Ba₂SiO₄∶xCe³⁺, 0.02Eu²⁺ were measured and studied. Due to the good overlap between the Ce³⁺ emission bands and the Eu²⁺ excitation bands, the energy transfer between Ce³⁺ and Eu²⁺ is expected to be very efficient and is confirmed by the emission spectra of Ba₂SiO₄∶xCe³⁺,0.02Eu²⁺. Co-doped Ba₂SiO₄∶xCe³⁺,0.02Eu²⁺ is efficient green phosphors with the excitation of longer wavelength UV light, and the emission intensity is stronger than Eu²⁺ doped Ba₂SiO₄ phosphors. Analyzing the spectra, the authors draw a conclusion that the luminescence sensitization of Eu²⁺ by Ce³⁺ in Ba₂SiO₄∶xCe³⁺, 0.02 Eu²⁺ is due to the efficient energy transfer from Ce³⁺ to Eu²⁺ under long UV light.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1790-1793 [Abstract] ( 570 ) PDF (371 KB) ( 472 )

	1794	Composition and Structure Evolution of Carbon Nanotube/Silica Xerogel Composites during the Process of Laser Irradiation
		ZHENG Chan, ZHEN Xiao, FENG Miao, ZHAN Hong-bing^*
		The composition and structure evolution of carbon nanotube (CNT)/silica xerogel composites during the process of laser irradiation was traced by infrared (IR) spectra, Raman spectra, transmission electronic microscope (TEM) and pore structure analysis. The results of IR and Raman spectra show that during the process of laser irradiation the compositions of the composites do not make any noteworthy changes, while the matrix silica network becomes perfect and the doped CNTs become more graphitized. TEM images and pore structure analysis show that the SiO2 granules and the corresponding pore size increase after laser irradiation.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1794-1797 [Abstract] ( 781 ) PDF (675 KB) ( 455 )

	1798	Bonding Structure in Silicon Nitride Thin Films Containing Silicon Nano-Particles
		DING Wen-ge, YU Wei, YANG Yan-bin, ZHANG Jiang-yong, FU Guang-sheng
		Non-stoichiometric hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiN_x∶H) film was deposited by helico-wave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (HWP-CVD) technique. The microstructure and bonding characteristics of both as-deposited and annealed thin films were studied. Raman scattering measurement shows that excess silicon exists in the form of amorphous silicon particles in the as-deposited sample. The microstructure of crystalline nano-particles silicon embedded in silicon nitride matrix in the post-annealed sample was formed. Comparing the results of both the Fourier transform infrared spectra and the optical absorption spectra of the samples deposited under different conditions, it is shown that the microstructure of the thin film depended on the gas flow ratio and annealing process. The sample with lower excess silicon shows a lower density of defect state at the silicon nanocrystal/SiN_x interface due to a higher binding hydrogen content. The annealing process induces the decrease in Si—H and N—H binding densities. Because of the formation of silicon nanocrystals, the annealed samples exhibit a higher structure disorder degree.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1798-1801 [Abstract] ( 1755 ) PDF (474 KB) ( 457 )

	1802	Synthesis and Luminescence of Methyl-Phenacyl Sulfoxide Complexes with Heavy Rare Earth Perchlorate
		LI Wen-xian, QI Qi-ge, WANG Hong-sheng, QIN Cai-hua, GUO Lei, CHEN Li-juan
		RE(ClO₄)₃·L₅·C₂H₅OH(RE=Gd, Tb, Dy, Tm, Yb;L=C₆H₅COCH₂SOCH₃) complexes were synthesized. The composion of the complexes was determined by elemental analysis, coordination titration, molar conductivities, and TGA studies. The ligand and coordination compounds were studied by means of IR spectra，¹H NMR, and the Tb(Ⅲ) coordination compound was studied by means of phosphorescence spectra, and fluorescence excitation and emission spectra. Each energy level of Tb³⁺ was calculated according to the fluorescent emission spectra results.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1802-1805 [Abstract] ( 447 ) PDF (423 KB) ( 459 )

	1806	Preparation and Photoluminescence Investigation of Erbium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanocrystalline
		SONG Guo-li, SUN Kai-xia
		Er³⁺-doped zinc oxide nanocrystalline powders were successfully prepared by chemical precipitation method. Photoluminescence spectrum (PL), photoluminescence spectrum excitation(PLE) and X-ray diffraction pattern(XRD) of the nanocrystalline ZnO∶Er³⁺ with excitation wavelength 365 nm were measured at room temperature. XRD pattern indicates that nanocrystalline ZnO∶Er³⁺ has a hexagonal wurtzite structure and polycrystallining. The mean grain size of nanocrystalline ZnO∶Er³⁺ was calculated with Debye-Scherrer formula. The luminescence process of Er³⁺-doped zinc oxide nanocrystalline was investigated by using PL and PLE. Emissions of S_3/2(550 nm)，²H_11/2(521 nm) and ⁴F_5/2(456 nm)of Er³⁺ ions were observed in wide visible band of ZnO. By analyzing the spectrum the effect of Er³⁺-doping on the luminescence of ZnO was studied. An energy transfer from excited states of ZnO hosts to doping Er³⁺ ions centers was disclosed by the fact that photoluminescence intensity maximum of nanocrystalline ZnO∶Er³⁺changed with the doping concentration of Er³⁺.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1806-1809 [Abstract] ( 1186 ) PDF (412 KB) ( 492 )

	1810	Determination of the Error of Aerosol Extinction Coefficient Measured by DOAS
		SI Fu-qi¹,LIU Jian-guo¹,XIE Pin-hua^1*,ZHANG Yu-jun¹,WANG Mian¹, LIU Wen-qing¹,Hiroaki Kuze²,LIU Cheng²,Nobuo Takeuchi²
		The method of defining the error of aerosol extinction coefficient measured by differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) is described. Some factors which could bring errors to result，such as variation of source，integral time，atmospheric turbulence，calibration of system parameter，displacement of system, and back scattering of particles, are analyzed. The error of aerosol extinction coefficient，0.03 km^-1,is determined by theoretical analysis and practical measurement.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1810-1812 [Abstract] ( 1650 ) PDF (374 KB) ( 468 )

	1813	Study on Intelligent System of Hyper-Spectral Data Gathering Based on Wireless Data Communication Technology in Farm Machinery
		LI Zhi-wei^1，3,PAN Jian-jun^1*,ZHANG Jia-bao²
		In order to meet the needs of highly dense and overall farmland information gathering，wireless data communicating, and real-time processing in the precision agriculture, this system integrated GPS, GIS and RS based on the technology of computer and wireless data transmission. On the one hand, the system makes DGPS and Hyper-spectrograph integrated through the AT89lv52 MCU, providing the accurate space position and realizing the integration of spectrum data acquisition and orientation. On the other hand, the system realizes the communication between the data gathering control system and the microcomputer by using the nRF905 system. Meanwhile the system has realized the visualized analysis and management of the spectrum data by integrating Visual Basic and Map-Objects into GIS, displaying real-time trace of moving point and some related attributes of the moving point in map layers, and calculating crop derivative spectra and crop vegetation index NDVI etc. Thus, sufficient information was provided for expert system and decision support system of precision agriculture.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1813-1816 [Abstract] ( 1610 ) PDF (576 KB) ( 491 )

	1817	Spectroscopy Study of Molecular Recognition of a Molecular Imprinted Monocrotophos-Specific Polymer
		ZHU Xiao-lan, YANG Jun, SU Qing-de^*, CAI Ji-bao, GAO Yun
		In the present study, molecular imprinting was used to develop a method based on noncovalent interaction for the synthesis of a monocrotophos-specific polymer. The selective binding characteristics of the template polymer were evaluated by ¹H NMR and ultraviolet spectrometry. The polymer obtained was found to interact specifically with monocrotophos by cooperative hydrogen bonding. The infrared spectrometry of the polymer further indicated that there were some functional groups in the moleculary imprinted polymer which could interact on the template.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1817-1820 [Abstract] ( 1876 ) PDF (450 KB) ( 464 )

	1821	Accuracy Analysis of Pulse Oximetry Based on Dynamic Spectroscopy
		LI Gang¹, LI Shang-ying¹, LIN Ling¹, WANG Yan¹, LI Xiao-xia^1，2, LU Zhi-yang¹
		The pulse oximeter used to measure patient’s oxygen saturation non-invasively and continuously, has numerous applications in clinic care. The pulse oximetry measurement combines two basic methods, spectrophotometry and photoplethysmography (PPG). The red light and the infrared light are exposed to the ear lobe, finger or other tissue with fluctuation of artery blood, and then detected. The amplitude ratio of the photoplethysmography waveform of red light and infrared light varies with the oxygen saturation of blood. The measuring principle of the pulse oximeter is based on traditional test method，its accuracy is not gratifying due to various factors influencing the measurement result, such as the principle, measuring condition, and individual discrepancy. In the present paper a new pulse oximetry based on dynamic spectroscopy is introduced, It can promote the accuracy of the pulse oximeter evidently. The dynamic spectroscopy method is able to eliminate the interference of individual discrepancy and measuring condition in principle. This new method can eliminate the measurement error of pulse oximetry theoretically.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1821-1824 [Abstract] ( 1645 ) PDF (482 KB) ( 561 )

	1825	FTIR Analysis of the Enzymatic Degradation of Chitosan Blend Membranes
		REN Dong-wen¹, WANG Yi-li¹, BAO De-cai^{1, 2}, XIE Wei-yang¹, MA Xiao-jun^1*
		Chitosan blend membranes were prepared by casting the mixture solution of highly deacetylated chitosan (HDC) and moderately deacetylated chitosan (MDC). FTIR was used to investigate the components of the blend membranes before and after lysozymic degradation. It was found that the ratio of MDC in the blend membranes had a linear relation with the degree of deacetylation(DD) of the membranes. In enzymatic degradation process, DD of the membranes exhibited an increasing tendency. The FTIR data indicate that MDC component in the blend membranes can be removed by selective enzymatic degradation. This also suggests that FTIR can be used as an efficient and rapid method to investigate the degradation process of chitosan.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1825-1828 [Abstract] ( 1768 ) PDF (449 KB) ( 450 )

	1829	*EQCM and in situ* FTIR Studies on the Adsorption and Oxidation of 1-Butanol at a Platinum Electrode in Alkaline Media**
		CHEN Guo-liang^{1, 2}, LIN Heng², WEN Li¹, ZHENG Zi-shan², ZHOU Jian-zhang¹, CHEN Sheng-pei¹, LIN Zhong-hua¹
		The adsorption and oxidation of 1-butanol in alkaline media on a platinum electrode were investigated mainly by EQCM and in situ FTIR spectroscopy. The experimental results demonstrate that the electrooxidation of 1-butanol is closely relative to solution acidity. Since no chemically adsorbed species, such as CO, were evidenced by in situ FTIR spectroscopy, the adsorption of 1-butanol or its dissociative products on Pt surface is suggested by EQCM and CV data. Only one current peak of 1-butanol oxidation in PGPS was detected at -0.23 V/SCE, which illustrated the disappearance of the second current peak due to Pt electrode passivation in alkaline media. The final product of 1-butanol oxidation is only butyric acid anion under experimental condition. It may therefore be suggested that the main reaction occurring at the electrode is the oxidation of 1-butanol to butyric acid anion. The EQCM studies provide quantitative results of surface mass variation and have shed light on elucidating 1-butanol oxidation.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1829-1832 [Abstract] ( 2535 ) PDF (495 KB) ( 434 )

	1833	Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Study on Normal and Malignant Tissues of Cervix
		LI Wei-xiu¹, ZHENG Quan-qing^1*, WANG Ping², LI Yan-qin¹, CHEN Guang-hua¹
		Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to investigate 35 cervical tissues , including 17 squamous cell carcinoma of cervical samples, and 5 adenocarcinoma of cervical samples, 13 normal cervical samples. The results show that there are 18 spectral bands with highly appearance percentage(＞80%)in these three types of tissues, and these spectral bands may be the characteristic infrared spectra bands for cervical tissues ; Some of relative absorbance ratios are statistically significant(p＜0.05) among these three types of tissues. These differences of relative absorbance ratios are mainly centered at 1 080, 1 238, 1 314, 1 339, 1 397, 1 454, 1 541, 1 647, 2 854, 2 873, 2 926, and 2 958 cm^-1. The present results indicate that FTIR can be used to distinguish these three types of tissues. The utilization of FTIR spectra in cervical tissues is expected to be a hopeful method in cervical cancer screening and clinical diagnosis in the future.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1833-1837 [Abstract] ( 1204 ) PDF (445 KB) ( 452 )

	1838	Analysis of Several Methods for Wavelet Denoising Used in Near Infrared Spectrum Pretreatment
		HAO Yong，CHEN Bin^*,ZHU Rui
		Based on the wavelet analysis, the noise of the near infrared first derivative spectrum of rapeseed oil is eliminated. Several popular wavelet denoising methods are introduced, including wavelet decomposition and reconstruction method, nonlinear wavelet soft-threshold denoising method, and wavelet transform modulus maxima method，The results show that the wavelet transform modulus maxima method is the best, the nonlinear wavelet soft-threshold method is the second, and other are worse. The wavelet transform modulus maxima method can produce more precise model with little deviation.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1838-1841 [Abstract] ( 547 ) PDF (457 KB) ( 513 )

	1842	Determination of the Artificial Bezoar Powder in Bezoar Powder by Near-Infrared Spectrometry and Support Vector Machine
		MA Qun^1，2, HAO Gui-qi³, QIAO Yan-jiang¹, ZHANG Zhuo-yong^3*, ZHANG Xiao-fang³
		A method for determining the artificial bezoar powder in bezoar powder using near-infrared(NIR) diffuse reflectance spectrometry was proposed in the present paper. The method was based on support vector machine (SVM). The calibration set was set up by adding unequal artificial bezoar powder to the bezoar powder (content range: 0%-100% ) and collecting the NIR spectrum of the samples in the wave number range of 4 000-10 000 cm^-1. The processing algorithm was wavelet transform with first and second derivatives. A mathematical model with support vector machine was established. The model was checked with leave one method. The sum of the square of the relative prediction error was 0.001 35. This method is reliable and can be used to control the quality of bezoar powder.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1842-1845 [Abstract] ( 641 ) PDF (463 KB) ( 499 )

	1846	A Review on Applications of Infrared Spectroscopy to the Study of Traditional Chinese Medicine
		LI Yan, WU Ran-ran, YU Bai-hua，WANG Jun-de
		Infrared spectroscopy is well suited for the rapid and nondestructive identification and quantification of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for its high resolution, easy operation and strong specialization of absorbance bands. It is becoming an efficient methodology in the quality control of TCM. The present paper reviews the applications of infrared spectrometry in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of TCM, especially to the discrimination and effective content determination of traditional Chinese medicinal materials (including different parts of the same medicinal material, TCM from different geographical areas, easily confusing TCM, and true and false TCM) and Chinese patent medicine (such as TCM formula particles, injections, etc.). With the ceaseless rapid development and popularization of FTIR spectrometer and computer science, infrared spectrometry will greatly accelerate the process of TCM modernization and internationalization by all means.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1846-1849 [Abstract] ( 2477 ) PDF (464 KB) ( 508 )

	1850	Accurate Curve Fitting and Revising of Infrared Data Based on NUBSC
		WANG Xian-pei¹,ZHANG Ai-ju²,LI Shao-xiong^1*
		Accurate curve fitting of infrared spectrum data is important for building standard spectrum, and is the basic requirement for qualitative and quantitative spectral analysis. In the present paper, B-Spline was used to accurately fit the infrared spectrum data. Based on the max norm distances of B-Spline curve fitting arithmetic, this method not only resolved the curve fitting problem of infrared data, but also provided a convenient way to orient peak values of spectrum. The authors introduced the B-Spline, realized curve fitting of quadratic non-uniform B-Spline curves (for short: NUBSC), and described the precision control of curve fitting of infrared spectrum data.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1850-1853 [Abstract] ( 439 ) PDF (538 KB) ( 428 )

	1854	Fast Algorithm for Feature Extraction and Identification of Infrared Spectra of Polluted Gases
		LIU Mei-juan, FENG Wei-wei, SHI Feng-rong, WANG Xue-qin, ZHANG Jun^*
		With the multi-resolution analysis, features of infrared spectra of polluted gases were extracted. Then the data were trained or identified by a neural network system. The experimental results show that the combination of the wavelet transform and the neural network has the great ability of feature extracting. And the system is quite efficient for identifying infrared spectra.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1854-1857 [Abstract] ( 1798 ) PDF (447 KB) ( 434 )

	1858	The Quality Assessment of Cigarette Paper by SIMCA and PLS Combined with Near Infrared Spectrum
		WANG Jia-jun¹,WANG Fan²,MA Ling¹
		By using algorithm of SIMCA and partial least squares(PLS) combined with Fourier transform near infrared spectra(FT-NIR), the classification methods were established for the discrimination of cigarette paper. Meanwhile, the calibration models were established for the determination of the grammage, thickness, permeability, moisture and ash of cigarette paper. Correlation coefficients of the models were 0.976 8, 0.966 4, 0.947 0, 0.956 3 and 0.975 9, and the root mean square errors of cross validation (RMSECV) were 0.561 4, 0.096 0, 1.274 1, 0.096 7 and 0.260 3 respectively. The methods has been applied to the determination and discrimination of unknown samples with satisfactory results.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1858-1862 [Abstract] ( 1586 ) PDF (591 KB) ( 505 )

	1863	Advanced Development of Remote Sensing FTIR in Air Environment Monitoring
		HU Lan-ping^{1, 2}, LI Yan^1*, ZHANG Lin¹, ZHANG Li-ming¹, WANG Jun-de¹
		Remote sensing FTIR(RS-FTIR) is one of the most important technologies in atmospheric pollutant monitoring. It has several prevailing advantages: (1) high resolution and high selectivity; (2) it requiring no sampling and no sample preprocessing; (3) capability of detecting several compounds simultaneously; (4) real time, long distance, and automatic monitoring. So it is extraordinarily appropriate for the quantitative and qualitative determination, and remote, real time, dynamic monitoring of air contaminant, especially the toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The present paper reviews the research progress in remote sensing FTIR for air monitoring made by the Laboratory of Advanced Spectroscopy in recent years, including chemometrics, computed tomography, FTIR spectra interpretation, spatial distribution of air pollutant concentration and passive remote monitoring, etc. These research findings show that the rapid development and application of remote sensing FTIR accelerated the temporal and spatial extension of analytical chemistry, and it will by all means have wide prospects in atmospheric environmental monitoring.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1863-1867 [Abstract] ( 2497 ) PDF (550 KB) ( 500 )

	1868	FT-Raman Spectroscopic Investigation on Hypothyroid Cancer
		LI Rong¹,ZHOU Guang-ming^2*,PENG Hong-jun²,DENG Yong-li²
		The normal and malignant tissues from hypothyroid were investigated by FT-Raman spectroscopy. The results show that two characteristic Raman spectral peaks of normal tissues appeared at 503 and 758 cm^-1 (corresponding to the extension vibration of C—Ⅰ band and the vibration of benzene rings respectively) in the range of 400-3 500 cm^-1. The two peaks disappeared at malignant tissues. The intensity of the characteristic vibration peaks of normal tissues appearing at 3 062 and 1 003 cm^-1 corresponding to tyrosine weakened in malignant tissues. Thus, FT-Raman spectroscopy is a potential method in the diagnosis of hypothyroid cancer.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1868-1870 [Abstract] ( 1773 ) PDF (414 KB) ( 431 )

	1871	Raman Active Vibrations of Aluminosilicates
		PAN Feng^{1, 3}, YU Xue-hui¹, MO Xuan-xue¹, YOU Jing-lin², WANG Chen¹, CHEN Hui², JIANG Guo-chang²
		Raman spectra of aluminosilicate minerals, namely kyanite, andalusite, and sillimanite and K₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ glasses were recorded. Four alumino-silicon tetrahedral model clusters were calculated by self-consistent (SCF) molecular orbital ab-initio calculation of the quantum chem (QC) method. The result shows a decrease tendency in Raman frequencies in the 800-1 200 cm^-1 frequency region with increase in four-coordinated Al content, which is assigned to the Si—O_nb symmetry stretching vibrations. The Raman spectra in the 700-800 cm^-1 frequency region is attributed to Al—O_nb symmetry stretching vibrations.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1871-1875 [Abstract] ( 651 ) PDF (628 KB) ( 495 )

	1876	Study of the Interaction between Methotrexate and Bovine Serum Albumin by Spectrometry
		XIE Wen-jun¹, FENG Yu-ping^1*, CAO Sheng-li², ZHAO Yu-fen¹
		The interaction of methotrexate (MTX) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by fluorescence and absorption spectra. The results show that methotrexate strongly quenched the fluorescence of bovine serum albumin, and the quenching mechanism is a static quenching procedure. The binding constants and the number of binding sites between MTX and BSA at different temperatures were calculated. Furthermore, the enthalpy and entropy changes in the interaction were also obtained, and the primary binding pattern between MTX and BSA was interpreted as hydrophobic interaction.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1876-1879 [Abstract] ( 1121 ) PDF (461 KB) ( 479 )

	1880	Spectra and Structural Analysis of High Boiling Solvent Lignin from Bagasse
		CHEN Yun-ping^{1, 3}, CHEN Rui-qiang², CHENG Xian-su^{1, 3*}, YANG Xiang-xi¹, WU Geng-yun¹, CHEN Yao-ting¹
		Bagasse high boiling solvent lignin is a polymer prepared by high boiling solvent pulping process. In the IR spectra, the absorbance of HBS lignin at 1 700 and 1 328 cm^-1 is present. It is showed that the nonconjugated carbonyl existed. The strong absorbance of UV spectra of HBS lignin is about 201 nm for n→π^* electron transition, which indicates that the HBS lignin is an unsaturated polymer. Judged from the ¹H NMR, the syringyl and guaiacyl group in the lignin is present. The element composition and the content of OCH₃ group were investigated. The empirical C₉-formula of the lignin is C₉H_9.79O_2.58(OCH₃)_0.75 according to dealing with the experiment data. The weight-average molecular weight of the HBS lignin is 2 674 g·mol^-1.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1880-1883 [Abstract] ( 288 ) PDF (407 KB) ( 480 )

	1884	Preparation and Spectral Analysis of a New Type of Blue Light-Emitting Material δ-Alq₃
		WANG Hua¹, HAO Yu-ying², GAO Zhi-xiang³, ZHOU He-feng¹, XU Bing-she^1*
		In the present article,δ-Alq₃, a new type of blue light-emitting material, was synthesized and investigated by IR spectra, XRD spectra, UV-Vis absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and electroluminescence (EL) spectra. The relationship between molecular spatial structure and spectral characteristics was studied by the spectral analysis of δ-Alq₃ and α-Alq₃. Results show that a new phase of Alq₃ (δ-Alq₃) can be obtained by vacuum heating α-Alq₃, and the molecular spatial structure of α-Alq₃ changes during the vacuum heating. The molecular spatial structure of δ-Alq₃ lacks symmetry compared to α-Alq₃. This transformation can reduce the electron cloud density on phenoxide of Alq₃ and weaken the intermolecular conjugated interaction between adjacent Alq₃ molecules. Hence, the π—π^* electron transition absorption peak of δ-Alq₃ shifts toward short wavelength in UV-Vis absorption spectra, and the maximum emission peak of δ-Alq₃ (λ_max=480 nm) blue-shifts by 35 nm compared with that of α-Alq₃ (λ_max=515 nm) in PL spectra. The maximum emission peaks of δ-Alq₃ and α-Alq₃ are all at 520 nm in EL spectra.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1884-1887 [Abstract] ( 1177 ) PDF (422 KB) ( 483 )

	1888	A new Spectral Method for the Determination of Cationic Surfactant Based on the Resonance Scattering Effect of AgI^-₂ Association Particles
		CHENG Yun-yan¹, JIANG Zhi-liang^{1, 2*}, LIANG Ai-hui²
		In pH 3.5 NaAc-HCl medium, there is a maximum resonance scattering (RS) peak at 360 nm and a synchronous scattering peak at 470 nm for the association particle system of (CTMAB-AgI₂)_n in white color, with a diameter of 700 nm. The CTMAB concentration c_CTMAB in the range of 2.0-50.0×10^-7 4 mol·L^-1 is linear to the I_{360 nm} value. Its regression equation is I_{360 nm}=2.03×10⁷c_CTMAB+0.48，and regression coefficient is 0.998 5. The detection limit is 8.0×10^-8 mol·L^-1. A new RS method has been proposed for the determination of cationic surfactant in samples with satisfactory results. The laser scattering and RS spectra show that CTMAB^＋ and AgI^-₂ combine to CTMA-AgI^-₂ association molecule by means of attractive forces. The association molecules automatically aggregate to (CTMA-AgI₂)_n association particles, so that the particles exhibit a resonance scattering peak at 360 nm, and the system is in white color.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1888-1890 [Abstract] ( 1710 ) PDF (360 KB) ( 434 )

	1891	Spectroscopic Studies on the Binding of Prulifloxacin and ct-DNA
		CHEN Chang-yun^1，3, MA Mei-hua¹, ZHOU Zhi-hua², LU Kang¹, XIANG Bing-ren³
		The interaction mechanism of prulifloxacin(PL) and calf thymus DNA(ct-DNA) was studied by UV spectra, fluorescence spectra, and hydrodynamic measurements. The binding of ct-DNA and different concentrations of PL was discussed with UV, FL, phosphate effect and ion strength. The denaturation temperature and viscosity were measured. It is obvious that there is a hypochromic effect on the UV spectra with the fluorescence intensity decreasing regularly after addition of DNA and a red shift of the maximum emission peak with a static quenching constant of 3.1×10⁴ L·mol^-1. The above results show that a binary complex forms between PL and DNA. It is indicated that there is no static-electro interaction between them by phosphate effect. The outer groove binding is suggested by denaturation temperature of DNA increasing (no more than 7 ℃) and viscosity slightly decreasing.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1891-1894 [Abstract] ( 1473 ) PDF (440 KB) ( 447 )

	1895	Studies on the Interaction between Thionine and Deoxyribo-Nucleic Acid by Ethidium Bromide Probe
		LIU Xue-ping,FENG Su-ling^*, PAN Zi-hong, FAN Jing
		The interaction between thionine and deoxyribonucleic acid was studied with ethidium bromide probe in Tris-HCl buffer solution at pH 7.4 by fluorescence spectra, electronic absorption spectra, and resonance light scattering spectra. From the obtained results, it was found obviously that the planar structure of thionine can be intercalated into the stacked base pairs of DNA, which is the major controlling factor. The binding constant was found to be 1.0×10⁵ L·mol^-1.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1895-1898 [Abstract] ( 260 ) PDF (487 KB) ( 449 )

	1899	Study on the Mechanism of Interaction between TH-PF-Mo(Ⅵ) Complex and Bovine Serum Albumin by Fluorimetric Method
		HUANG Jian-hua¹, MA Hong-min², SUN Shu-ting², CHEN Xin², DONG Hai-xia³, WEI Qin²
		The mechanism of interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and trihydroxylphenylfluorone(TH-PF)-Mo(Ⅵ) complex in neutral solution was studied by fluorimetric method. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching of BSA caused by (TH-PF)-Mo(Ⅵ) complex probe was investigated and the binding constants under different temperature were measured. The binding constants of the reaction at 25 ℃ and 40 ℃ were calculated by fluorimetric method to be 4.78×10⁴ L·mol^-1 and 3.72×10⁴ L·mol^-1, respectively. According to the theory of Frster non-radiation energy transfer, the binding distance and transfer efficiency at 25 ℃ were calculated to be 2.89 nm and 0.314, respectively. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters were measured and the results indicated that electrostatic force played a major role in the interaction between TH-PF-Mo(Ⅵ) complex and BSA.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1899-1902 [Abstract] ( 1743 ) PDF (489 KB) ( 456 )

	1903	Extraction and Analysis of Gracilaria Gigas Harvey Polysaccharides
		MENG Qing-yong, WANG Ya-fei, JIE Xin-ming, DONGYE Guang-zhi, ZHANG Li-jian
		Gracilaria Gigas Harvey Polysaccharides (GHPS) were extracted with hot water and sedimentated with ethanol. The amount of polysaccharides was determined by phenol-H₂SO₄ method. The mineral elements and molecular configuration were analysed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and infrared absorption spectrum (IR). The rate of distillation was 14.98%, the amount of polysaccharides was 78.2%, and GHPS contained manifold mineral elements (Ca, Fe, Mg and S). The IR spectra manifested that the extraction was a compound of polysaccharides, i.e. acidic polysaccharides.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1903-1906 [Abstract] ( 463 ) PDF (609 KB) ( 442 )

	1907	Studies on the Contents of Twenty Elements in Different Parts of Garlic by Using ICP-OES，AAS and AFS Combined with Microwave Decomposition Method
		WANG Xiao-ping¹,XIANG Su-liu²
		The garlic plants sampled in the suburbs of Suzhou were rinsed thoroughly with deionized water, and divided into six different parts: root, low stem, middle stem, high stem, tender leaves and old leaves. After decomposition in a microwave oven, the contents of Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Se, Sr and Zn in these parts were determined by using ICP-OES, AAS and AFS, and the contents of these 20 elements in garlic bulbs collected from the same location were also determined. It was found that the tender leaves or the bulbs of garlic should be chosen preferably for the extraction of active compounds, because they are much richer in Cu, Fe, Mn, S, Se and Zn elements and rather low in harmful As, Cd, Hg and Pb elements as compared with other parts of garlic. The contents of 20 elements are varied in six different parts of garlic, from which some useful conclusions can be drawn concerning either physiological properties of garlic or situations of atmosphere contamination.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1907-1911 [Abstract] ( 1781 ) PDF (696 KB) ( 565 )

	1912	Pretreatment of Supported Wacker Catalysts and the Determination of Palladium and Copper
		FANG Yi-wen^{1, 2}, DONG Xin-fa¹, XUE Liang², WANG Wen-jin², LIN Wei-ming¹
		The supported Wacker catalysts were pretreated with two different methods. Then copper and palladium were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES). The results showed that the best pretreatment method is burning-acid dissolving. With this method, the detection limits of Pd and Cu were 3.127 and 2.548 ng·mL^-1, the recoveries of standard addition of Pd and Cu were 96.26% and 94.82%, and the relative standard deviations(n=11)of Pd and Cu were less than 1.237% and 1.354%, respectively. The method is efficient, accurate, and easy to operate. Pd and Cu in supported Wacker catalysts, which were sampled before calcination, after calcination and after reaction, were determined by this method, and the contents were compared with calculated values. The percentages were larger than 96.4% and 96.6% respectively. It is considered that the active components did not decrease in preparation and reaction.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1912-1914 [Abstract] ( 1119 ) PDF (398 KB) ( 505 )

	1915	Study on NPLS Model with Three-Dimensional Hyperspectrum for Assessing Per-Mu-Yield of Winter Wheat
		WANG Tao¹, ZHANG Lu-da^1*, LAO Cai-lian², ZHAO Long-lian², LI Jun-hui², WANG Zhong-yi²,HUANG Wen-jiang³, WANG Ji-hua³, YAN Yan-lu²
		The present study piled a cube array with the winter wheat’s cap reflection hyperspectra sampled from 35 experimental districts during 8 growth periods, and then used a multiway partial least squares (NPLS) algorithm to establish a model to assess the per-mu-yield of winter wheat. The model was used to predict the per-mu-yields of other 13 experimental districts. The correlation coefficient of predicted and actual values was 0.936 6, and the mean relative error was 4.44%. These results showed a good prediction of the model. The study has guiding meaning to actual yield assessment.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1915-1917 [Abstract] ( 1536 ) PDF (408 KB) ( 504 )

	1918	Analyzing the Effect of Field Frequencies on Reconstructive Accuracy of Rebuilt Field with Spectroscopy
		SONG Yi-zhong^{1, 2},YANG Xiang-jun³,LIU Xue-mei⁴,HE An-zhi¹
		The field to be reconstructed was simulated with numerical simulation technique. The effect of a three-dimensional field’s characteristics, especially, its frequency components, on the reconstructive accuracy was discussed with spectroscopy. A double-peaked field model was built with Gaussian function, and its frequency components were analyzed by Fourier transform. With algebraic reconstruction technique, the model field was reconstructed. The reconstructed field was analyzed with many error indexes. As a result, the reconstructed field was similar to the model one in respect of the position, pointing and shape of the peaks, but the heights of the peaks were shorter than those of corresponding ones in the model. The border of the reconstructive field showed obvious fluctuation. It was considered that the main causation of the reconstructive result was the filtering inserted in iterating process. To confirm this idea, the convergence factor, represented with A, of Gaussian function was changed from six to thirty in order to change the frequency components of the model field, and the same numerical simulation as the one for the first model field with A=18 was carried out for these new model ones consisting of different frequency. As a result, the idea proved to be right. At the same time, it was found that the characteristics of the field at the edge of the reconstructed zone had a deeper effect on the reconstructive accuracy. When the precondition that the field edge approximated to zero could no longer existed, the reconstructive accuracy declined, and furthermore, it would make iterating process divergent. From all the above, the characteristics of the field at the edge should draw much attention when we reconstruct a field with Algebraic reconstruction technique.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1918-1922 [Abstract] ( 2172 ) PDF (765 KB) ( 509 )

	1923	Wavelength Interval Selection by Iteratively Reinitialized GA and Its Application to Spectrophotometric Determination of Components in Cough Syrup
		CHENG Biao, WU Xiao-hua, CHEN De-zhao
		Wavelength selection in PLS calibration can be used to reach two goals: improve the predictive ability and simplify the model. Iteratively reinitialized GA is a modified genetic algorithm, and it gives an initializing procedure of selecting the first candidates for every run of GA, which uses the results of previous runs as the guiding information. This algorithm can select wavelength regions instead of scattering points, which is very helpful in understanding the relevant parts of spectra. Furthermore, the continuous wavelength points make the PLS model more robust. Appling IRGA based wavelength selection to the UV-Vis spectrum of cough syrup, the result illustrates that PLS regression can greatly benefit from variable selection when used for multicomponent spectrophotometric determination.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1923-1927 [Abstract] ( 2336 ) PDF (604 KB) ( 443 )

	1928	Slurry Sampling for Direct Determination of Trace Cadmium in Amber by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
		CHEN Shi-zhong,LU Deng-bo
		A method for the direct determination of trace cadmium in amber by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) with slurry sampling was described. Palladium nitrate was used as a matrix modifier to eliminate the interference. Slurry stability and the influences of the matrix modifier, ashing/atomization temperature and coexistent ions on analytical signals were investigated in detail. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the detection limit of this method was 9.4 ng·g^-1 with a precision of 6.1%.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1928-1930 [Abstract] ( 1236 ) PDF (405 KB) ( 456 )

	1931	Determination of Eleven Trace Elements in Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs for Relieving Heat and Toxic by FAAS
		HAN Jin-tu, LIU Yan-ming, WANG Hui
		Chinese traditional herbal drugs for relieving away heat and toxic were treated with cineration, and the residues were dissolved by HNO₃. Eleven trace elements including, calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper, iron, zinc, cadmium, lead, cobalt, nickel and chromium in twenty sample solutions were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results obtained show that the contents of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese and copper are abundant, and the addition standard recoveries (n=5) were 90％-110％.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1931-1934 [Abstract] ( 1132 ) PDF (449 KB) ( 504 )

	1935	*Determination of Thirteen Metal Elements in the Plant Foeniculum Vulgare Mill. by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry*
		XUE Guo-qing¹, LIU Qing², HAN Yu-qi¹, WEI Hui-guang¹, DONG Ting¹
		The objective of the paper is to determine the amount of metal elements of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pb in the planted Foeniculum vulgare Mill. by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry(FAAS), after the cinefaction and the digestion with HNO₃-HClO₄(φ 4∶1) at 90-95 ℃ and normal pressure. The optimum parameters of FAAS and the effects of solution medium on the results were investigated. The analytical results show that the amount of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb was 1 508.7, 27 653.0, 2 036.0, 4 848.1, 24.8, 323.5, 15.2, 23.7 and 10.8 μg·g^-1,respectively, and that of Co, Ni, Cd and Cr was not checked out in the samples. The recovery of standard addition is 97.45%-102.50%, the relative standard deviation(n=9) was 0.34%-2.77%. The characteristic method is quick, simple and convenient and the results are satisfactory.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1935-1938 [Abstract] ( 1832 ) PDF (468 KB) ( 560 )

	1939	Synthesis, Characterization and Photo Degradation Application for Dye-Rhodamine B of Nano-Iron Oxide/Bentonite
		LIU Ying^{1, 4},LI Yi-min^{1, 3, 4},WEN Li-hua^{1, 4},HOU Ke-yong^{2, 4},LI Hai-yang^{1, 2*}
		The iron oxide/bentonite was prepared through a reaction of a solution of OH-Fe salt with bentonite clay dispersion. BET, XRD and HRTEM were used to study its surface area, microstructure, and average particle size. The iron oxide/bentonite nano composite was developed as the heterogeneous catalyst for successful discoloration and mineralization of dye rhodamine B. And the effects of solution pH, H₂O₂ molar concentration, catalyst loading and initial rhodamine B concentration were studied in detail by photometric method. The process of degradation was traced by UV-Visible spectrum. Besides, the comparison between the heterogeneous photo-Fenton process and homogeneous photo-Fenton process was performed. The result shows that, it has large surface area and mainly consists of high catalytic activity α-Fe₂O₃. The discoloration ratio is up to 97% and the COD_Cr removal ratio is 71% after 4 h in the presence of pH 3.0，2.5×10^-5 mol·L^-1 rhodamine B 100 mL，0.3 g·L^-1 catalyst，10 mmol·L^-1 H₂O₂ and UV. The rhodamine B degradating speed of heterogeneous photo-Fenton process is much faster than that of homogeneous photo-Fenton process. The catalyst can be reused after being treated.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1939-1942 [Abstract] ( 811 ) PDF (559 KB) ( 474 )

	1943	Spectral Studies of Novel Na Specific Adsorbent Li_1+xAl_xTi_2-x(PO₄)₃
		SUN Jian-zhi^{1, 2},DENG Xiao-chuan¹,SONG Shi-tao^{1, 2},WEI Shu-bin^{1, 2},MA Pei-hua¹
		A novel Na specific adsorbent Li_1+xAl_xTi_2-x(PO₄)₃ was synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). Raman and FTIR spectroscopic studies of these materials were carried out, and the vibrational bands were assigned. Their adsorption performances were investigated. The results indicate that the low concentration(x＜0.6) Al dopant does not affect the structure of the material but makes it able to selectively adsorb sodium. The adsorbing test results show that its exchange capacity is high with the maximum value of adsorption capacity of 11.76 mg·g^-1 at x=0.4 and pH＝10.0-11.0. So it can be used to remove the microamounts impurity-sodium in the production of high purity lithium salt.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1943-1947 [Abstract] ( 1158 ) PDF (1016 KB) ( 492 )

	1948	Theoretical Analysis of the Spectral Line Missing Stage in Crystal X-Ray Diffraction Based on the Diffraction of Grating
		LIU Jian-ke
		In the present paper, the theoretical analysis was performed of the phenomenon and causes of the spectral line missing stage in diffraction of grating and crystal X-ray diffraction, and their application was discussed. It was concluded that the crystal X-ray diffraction probably lies in the fact that the geometrical structure factor of unit cells of some crystal materials is zero, and secondly, the spectral line missing stage in diffraction could be an interesting subject in the crystal X-ray diffraction research. On the whole, these conclusions may provide an important reference to the study on material phase, structure and intact analysis etc.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1948-1950 [Abstract] ( 1145 ) PDF (395 KB) ( 457 )

	1951	Optical-Fiber Fourier Transform Spectrometer
		LIU Yong, LI Bao-sheng, LIU Yan, ZHAI Yu-feng, WANG An^*
		A novel Fourier transform spectrum analyzer based on a single mode fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is reported. An optical fiber Fourier transform spectrometer, with bulk optics components replaced by fiber optical components and with the moving mirror replaced by a piezoelectric element fiber stretcher was constructed. The output spectrum of a LD below threshold was measured. Experiment result agrees with that by using grating spectrum analyzer, showing the feasibility of the optic fiber Fourier transform spectrometer for practical spectrum measurement. Spectrum resolution -7 cm^-1 was obtained in our experiment. The resolution can be further improved by increasing the maximum optical path difference.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1951-1954 [Abstract] ( 1209 ) PDF (502 KB) ( 476 )

	1955	The Project and Simulation of a Compositive Miniature Spectrum Instrument Based on the Array of Fabry-Perot Cavity
		WEN Zhi-yu, CHEN Gang, WANG Jian-guo^*
		This paper advances a kind of micro-spectrometer based on Fabry-Perot cavity’s character of filtering the waves. The basic structure of the micro-spectrometer is the array of Fabry-Perot cavity which contains many different lengths of cavity on the substrate of silicon, consequently the authors can achieve the detection at several wavelengths simultaneously. The unit of probing is a Fabry-Perot cavity made up of the substrate of silicon-metal film-silicon dioxide layer-metal film. The authors carried out the corresponding simulation. In the basic structure of aluminum film(14 nm)-silicon dioxide layer-silver film(39 nm), the resolution can reach 15 nm. When the area of a unit of probing is 0.14 mm×0.14 mm only, it can reach the luminous flux of miniature grating spectrum instrument(the minimum volume in the order of cm), but the volume of the part of spectrum detection is only of the order of mm. The design size of the micro-spectrometer is a few millimeters. Furthermore it has no movable parts and could detect several wavelengths at the same time. It is possible to fabricate such micro-spectrometer through existing processing methods of IC technology.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1955-1959 [Abstract] ( 1129 ) PDF (653 KB) ( 461 )

	1960	Spectra Classification Based on Generalized Discriminant Analysis
		XU Xin^1，2, YANG Jin-fu¹, WU Fu-chao¹, ZHAO Yong-heng²
		A kernel based generalized discriminant analysis (GDA) technique is proposed for the classification of stars, galaxies, and quasars. GDA combines the LDA algorithm with kernel trick, and samples are projected by nonlinear mapping onto the feature space F with high dimensions, and then LDA is conducted in F. Also, it could be inferred that GDA which combines the extension of Fisher’s criterion with kernel trick is complementary to kernel Fisher discriminant framework. LDA, GDA, PCA and KPCA were experimentally compared with these three different kinds of spectra. Among these four techniques, GDA obtains the best result, followed by LDA, and PCA is the worst. Although KPCA is also a kernel based technique, its performance is not satisfactory if the selected number of the principal components is small, and in some cases, it appears even worse than LDA, a non-kernel based technique.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1960-1964 [Abstract] ( 1746 ) PDF (537 KB) ( 485 )

	1965	The Absorption Spectrum of Green-Sensitive Cyanine Dyes J-Aggregate Adsorbed on Silver Chloride Microcrystals
		ZHANG Ji-xian, LI Xiao-wei^*, ZHANG Rong-xiang, LAI Wei-dong, ZHAO Xiao-hui
		The silver chloride microcrystals emulsion which are sensitized by the adsorbed green-sensitive cyanine dye of different concentration, was studied by using the absorption spectrum. The experiments show that when the sensitizing concentration is less than 0.02 mL(5.0 mg·mL^-1)/40 g emulsion, the dye J-aggregate is not formed on the surface of silver chloride microcrystals; when the dye concentration is more than 0.2 mL(5.0mg·mL^-1/40 g emulsion, the dye J-aggregate is formed on the surface of silver chloride microcrystals; compare to the M-state of dye, the maximal absorption peak of J-aggregate shifted to a longer wavelength by about 50 nm. It was found, when the J-aggregate is formed, the absorption in the wavelength range of more than 450 nm is increased.
		2006 Vol. 26 (10): 1965-1967 [Abstract] ( 2409 ) PDF (295 KB) ( 412 )

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