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| XPS Depth Profile Analysis of Sodium Molybdate-Based Conversion Film on Bronze Surface |
| FAN Chen-xiao, LI Chang-qing, LUO Yu-jia, HE Bei, YANG Ben*, JIN Pu-jun* |
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119，China
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Abstract Inorganic molybdate corrosion inhibitors have broad application prospects in conserving metal cultural relics due to their environmentally friendly, low-toxicity, and high-efficiency properties. This study used sodium molybdate solutions of varying concentrations to construct corrosion-inhibiting conversion films on bronze surfaces via chemical deposition. These films' composition, structure, and performance were systematically investigated using electrochemical testing and XPS depth profiling. Experimental results showed that after 1 day of immersion, the bronze sample treated with 0.2 mol·L-1 sodium molybdate solution exhibited a relatively high corrosion inhibition efficiency of approximately 50%. In contrast, samples treated with lower concentrations (0.02 and 0.05 mol·L-1) demonstrated lower efficiencies. With prolonged immersion, the inhibition efficiency of samples treated with 0.2 and 0.5 mol·L-1 solutions gradually decreased, while those treated with 0.02 and 0.05 mol·L-1 solutions initially increased before subsequently decreasing.XPS depth profiling analysis revealed that within the 1.25～5.00 μm depth range, redox reactions occurred, forming metal oxides such as SnO2, CuO, Cu2O, and MoO2. Specifically, Cu exhibited a layered distribution, transitioning from an outer Cu2O layer to an intermediate Cu2O+CuO transition layer and finally to an inner CuO layer. Mo existed predominantly as MoO2-4 in the outer film and gradually converted into a mixed form of MoO2-4 and MoO2 in the inner layers, with molybdate ions being reduced to MoO2. Additionally, treated samples exhibited a noticeable color change due to the molybdenum blue phenomenon. After 3 days of immersion, the ΔE*Lab color difference of the sample treated with 0.2 mol·L-1 sodium molybdate solution was approximately 25, whereas that of the sample treated with 0.5 mol·L-1 solution was about 46.This study elucidates the chemical composition and structural characteristics of molybdate-based corrosion-inhibiting conversion films on bronze surfaces, providing valuable insights into their application in conserving metal cultural relics.
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Received: 2024-09-23
Accepted: 2025-02-27
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Corresponding Authors:
YANG Ben, JIN Pu-jun
E-mail: jinpj@snnu.edu.cn；yangben@snnu.edu.cn
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