Determination of Trace Rare Earth Elements in Coal Ash by Inductively Coupled Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry
ZHANG Hao-yu1, FU Biao1*, WANG Jiao1, MA Xiao-ling2, LUO Guang-qian1, YAO Hong1
1. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Wuhan 430074, China
2. PerkinElmer Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200131, China
Abstract Coal ash is one of the most important alternative rare earth elements (REEs) sources to conventional REEs ores. Standard methods for determining REEs in coal ash have still not been established. Compared with other traditional ores, the chemistry and mineralogy of coal ash are more complicated. The reported analytical methods have severe problems in the pretreatment process (low efficiency) and are difficult to reduce the mass interferences when using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as an analytical tool to detect REEs in the liquid digested sample. This study proposed a new efficient and accurate REEs determination method based on graphite digestion-(dynamic reaction cell) inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS). By comparing the effects of different digestion reagents (nitric acid, nitric acid-hydrochloric acid, nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid-hydrochloric acid-hydrofluoric acid) and different digestion temperature (100, 140, and 180 ℃) on the test results, it was found that the HNO3-HCl-HF digestion at 140 ℃ was the best pretreatment method. The addition of HFcould significantly improve the extraction efficiency of REEs, and the secondary addition of water to eliminate HF avoided the formation of insoluble fluoride and hydrofluoride, which decreased adverse effects of F-1 on mass spectrometry. ICP-MS/MS measurement process, Rh and Re elements were added online as internal standards to compensate for the matrix effect, respectively. By comparing the gas-free mass in situ mode (M-SQ-N/A), helium collision and kinetic energy discrimination mode (M-SQ-KED), oxygen mass transfer mode (M-TQ-O2), ammonia mass transfer mode (M-TQ-NH3), it was found that the detected value in M-SQ-KED mode is closer to the standard value with minimum mass spectrum interference. The recovery rate of REEs (compared to values reported in standard coal ash) is 92.49%~112.88%, the detection limit is lower than 0.005 2 μg·g-1, and the relative standard deviation is less than 1.71%. Tracing Eu in a high-Ba solution revealed that the M-SQ-KED mode can greatly reduce the ion interference because the He was likely to collide with interfering polyatomic ions with a larger collision probability than that of the target analytes. Finally, the established method was applied analyse fly ash samples from different coal-fired power plants. The results showed that the distribution of the normalized REE curves (relative to UCC) was uniform and smooth, indicating that the results were stable and reliable. Compared with microwave digestion, the proposed method has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, and high efficiency and can be used for vast amounts of ash sample determination. The dynamic reaction cell technology can eliminate the interference of mass spectrometry online, which greatly improves the determination efficiency.
Key words:Coal ash;Rare earth elements;Digestion method; Mass spectrometry interference elimination
Corresponding Authors:
FU Biao
E-mail: fubiao1223@gmail.com
Cite this article:
ZHANG Hao-yu,FU Biao,WANG Jiao, et al. Determination of Trace Rare Earth Elements in Coal Ash by Inductively Coupled Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2023, 43(07): 2074-2081.
[1] Koen Binnemans, Peter Tom Jones, Bart Blanpain, et al. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2013, 51:1.
[2] James Hower, Evan Granite, David Mayfield, et al. Minerals, 2016, 6(2): 32.
[3] ZOU Jian-hua, WANG Hui, CHEN Hong-yu, et al(邹建华,王 慧,陈虹雨,等). Chinese Rare Earths(稀土), 2022,43(4): 11.
[4] Ross K Taggart, James C Hower, Gary S, et al. Environmental Science & Technology,2016,50(11): 5919.
[5] Begum Z, Balaram V, Ahmad S, et al. Atomic Spectroscopy,2007, 28:41.
[6] Fabiane G Antes, Fábio A Duarte, Márcia F Mesko, et al. Talanta, 2010, 83(2): 364.
[7] Method for the Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Solid Samples by Microwave Digestion-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定固定样品中稀土元素含量的方法)[P]. China Patent(中国专利), CN109187709A, 2019.
[8] Yan Xiaoyun, Dai Shifeng, Graham I T, et al. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2018, 191: 152.
[9] Moreira L S, Costa F S, Machado R C, et al. Talanta,2021, 233: 122534.
[10] Zhang Wen, Hu Zhaochu. Atomic Spectroscopy, 2020, 41(3): 93.
[11] Svarc P L, Barnkob L L, Jakobsen J. Food Chemistry, 2021, 357: 129588.
[12] MEN Qian-ni, SHEN Ping, GAN Li-ming, et al(门倩妮, 沈 平, 甘黎明, 等). Rock and Mineral Analysis(岩矿测试), 2020, 39(1): 59.
[13] Na Xu, Qing Li. Minerals, 2019, 9(5): 259.
[14] Geórgia C L Araújo, Mário H Gonzalez, Antônio G Ferreira, et al. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 2002, 57(12):2121.
[15] Liu Bo, He Qihui, Jiang Zihao, et, al. Fuel, 2013, 105: 293.
[16] Fu Biao, James C Hower, Zhang Wencai, et al. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2022, 88: 100954.