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| Study on Spectroscopy and Locality Characteristics of the Nephrites in Yutian, Xinjiang |
| HE Yan1, SU Yue1, YANG Ming-xing1, 2* |
1. Gemmological Institute，China University of Geosciences （Wuhan），Wuhan 430074，China
2. China University of Geosciences（Wuhan） Jewelry Testing Center, Wuhan 430074，China
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Abstract Xinjiang is one of the important nephrites origins in the world, and primary nephrites from Yutian have a representative of high quality. 48 nephrites samples from Hanilake, Alamas, Saidikulamu and Qihakule were analyzed by conventional instrument testing, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), laser Raman spectroscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) analysis for the investigation of spectroscopic characteristics and chemical compositions. The result showed that nephrites from Yutian, Xingjiang varied from cyan, bluish white, bluish yellow, and yellowish white to gray. The samples are opaque to translucent with greasy to glass luster. As polycrystalline aggregates, nephrites had a variety of specific refractive indices(1.61～1.62) and gravity (2.95～2.99). Infrared spectroscopy spectra displayed the typical tremolite absorption between 900～1 200 and 400～760 cm-1. Infrared absorption bands at 1 143，1 096，1 040，995，925 cm-1 were induced by O—Si—O anti-symmetric stretching vibration and O—Si—O symmetric stretching vibration, 763，689 cm-1 were induced by Si—O—Si anti-symmetric stretching vibration, and 538，512，465，420 cm-1 were induced by Si—O bending vibration, M—O lattice vibration and OH horizontal vibration. Raman spectroscopy spectra of nephrites from Yutian, Xinjiang were consistent with the tremolite characteristics. 120, 175, 220, 365, 389 cm-1 were the lattice vibration peak, 670 cm-1 represented the Si—O—Si stretching vibration of amphibole minerals, 931, 1 029, 1 060 cm-1 were due to Si—O stretching vibration, 3 672, 3 680 cm-1 belongs to M—OH stretching vibration. The main components of Yutian nephrites are MgO, CaO and SiO2, and rare earth element characteristics had ranges of 0.068 to 3.902 for δCe, 1.064 for average; δEu ranges from 0 to 8.832, 0.343 for average, with negative Eu anomaly. LREE/HREE ranges from 0.010 to 3.369, 0.682 for average. The ΣREE ranges from 0.407 to 18.768, 3.138 on average. Based on the characteristics of trace elements and rare earth elements, nephrite from Yutian, Xinjiang can be distinguished from other representative areas such as Chuncheon (Korea), Qiemo(Xinjiang) and Sanchahe(Qinghai). The spectroscopic characteristics and chemical compositions of nephrites from Yutian, Xinjiang have enriched the information and data of nephrites’ origin and provided a reference for further study. In the future, the origin information of nephrites from other producing areas can be extracted based on gemological characteristics, spectral characteristics, rare earth elements and trace elements. Combined with the background of ore-forming geological conditions, it is possible to trace the origin of nephrites to every vein.
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Received: 2021-11-08
Accepted: 2022-03-01
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Corresponding Authors:
YANG Ming-xing
E-mail: yangc@cug.edu.cn
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