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| Nondestructive Analysis of “Sprinkled Gold” Materials of Gold Sprinkled Paper Samples in Qing Dynasty |
| ZHENG Shuo-zai1, LI Hao-miao1, WENG Lian-xi1, HAN Bin2*, SHI Ji-long1* |
1. School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
2. Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, School of Humanities, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Abstract Gold sprinkled paper is a traditional processing paper with a long history and good decorative effect in China. It is widely used in writing, painting, and binding. The application of gold-sprinkled paper has a long history, during which it spread to Korean Peninsula, Japan with great popularity. Gold sprinkled paper is processed by various processing techniques, which fully shows the unique paper decoration technology and artistic aesthetics in ancient China. There are still many kinds of cultural relics made by gold sprinkled paper, but few relevant researches on scientific and technological analysis exist. Using the optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer and infrared spectrometer, this paper analyzes the structure and composition of a gold sprinkled paper sample from the Qing Dynasty, and at the same time, the “sprinkled gold” material and technology of traditional gold sprinkled paper were discussed. It shows that the sample’s “sprinkled gold” area is foil. Besides, the metallic luster wasdetected by optical microscope and electron microscope. The results illustrate that Al, S, K, Cu, Ag and Au show obvious gradient distribution, which is consistent with the shape and contour of “sprinkled gold” particles. Further analysis shows that the main color pigment Au, Ag and Cu is half-life impurities. What’s more, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca and other elements should mainly come from fillers, such as common talc (Mg3[Si4O10](OH)2), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), etc. Infrared spectrum analysis shows that the characteristic absorption peaks of 1 105 and 662 cm-1 of “sprinkled gold” material are consistent with the O—S—O bond stretching and bending vibration peaks of SO2-4, 1 106 and 662 cm-1, and the characteristic absorption peaks of 1 641 cm-1 and 3 277～3 337 cm-1 are consistent with the characteristic absorption peaks of gelatin. Combined with Al, S and K in the above results, it suggests that there is alum water in sprinkled gold material. That is, the adhesive is made of gelatin Alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) plays the role of connecting material in “sprinkled gold” material. It is inferred from this research that the “sprinkled gold” of the sample is mainly colored by gold foil, using gum alum water as an adhesive and adding fillers such as talc and calcium carbonate. The research on the materials and technology of “sprinkled gold” of traditional gold sprinkled paper lays a foundation for the inheritance and development of traditional gold sprinkled paper, as well as the protection, restoration, reproduction and identification of cultural relics and works of art of gold sprinkled paper.
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Received: 2022-02-06
Accepted: 2022-05-16
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Corresponding Authors:
HAN Bin, SHI Ji-long
E-mail: bin.han@ucas.ac.cn；jilongshi@bigc.edu.cn
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