Identification of Different Origins of Hetian Jade Based on Statistical Methods of Multi-Element Content
ZHOU An-li1, JIANG Jin-hua1, SUN Chun-xiao2, XU Xin-zhong2, LÜ Xin-ming1,2*
1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
2. Alashankou Customs Technology Center, Alashankou 833418, China
Abstract Due to different mineralization environments, Hetian jade in different regions has its own elemental fingerprint characteristics. Elemental fingerprint analysis technology has the advantages of fast analysis speed, low analysis cost and high discriminant rate. It is one of the most effective methods for identification of origin to combine element fingerprint analysis and various statistical methods. However, multi-element fingerprint analysis technology has been widely used in the traceability research of various crops. It has not been used in the geographical origin of Hetian jade. The identification of Hetian jade origin, which has important significance for the identification and traceability of origin. Therefore, the objective of this study is to establish a model for geographical origin discrimination according to multi-element contents. The contents of 20 elements were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS) for 45 samples of Hetian jade from four producing areas of different regions. One-way ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were employed in the data analysis to screen out the significant elements．And then Fisher linear discrimination analysis was used to determine the origin of Hetian jade, and the discrimination models were developed. One-way ANOVA showed that the composition of elements in different origin Hetian jade samples was consistent with the expected significantly different (p<0.05). The results showed that the main trace elements in Hetian jade were Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni, and heavy metals (Pb, Cd and As) were lower. The discrimination models were developed by the discrimination analysis of the whole model method with six significant elements identified by PCA and LDA，and 100% correct classification, and 95.5% cross-validation was achieved by the models. The results show that Zn, K, Mg, Na, Ca, Mn can be used as multi-element traceability indicators for traceability in different regions. From the content of various elements in Hetian jade, Different origins and jade can be identified by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). It is a promising approach to classify the geographical origin of Hetian jade based on multi-element fingerprints analysis combined with multivariate statistical analysis. The discrimination models are good enough to be applied in the origin traceability of Hetian jade.
