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| Early Nondestructive Detection of Wheat Stripe Rust Using Infrared Thermal Imaging |
| YAO Zhi-feng1,2, HE Dong-jian1,2*, LEI Yu1,2 |
1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Affairs, Yangling 712100, China |
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Abstract Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most destructive diseases causing severe decreases in wheat yield. Early detection of wheat stripe rust before symptom appearance is of great significance for developing effective control strategies and taking timely management measures to ensure high and stable yield of wheat. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of thermal infrared imaging technology used for early detection of wheat stripe rust by assessing the temperature changes of normal and infected wheat leaves in a pot experiment under controlled conditions. Four pots of wheat plants were subjected to artificial inoculation with Puccinia striiformis once a day, lasting for 16 days, in an artificial climate chamber. Meanwhile, healthy wheat plants were chosen as the normal control. Thermal infrared images and data on leaf temperature of all the normal and infected wheat leaves were collected 16 days after inoculation (dpi) by using an infrared thermography. The results revealed that with the increasing of days after inoculation, the divergence in the average temperature and maximum temperature difference (MTD) between infected and healthy wheat leaves gradually increases. The infected wheat leaves can be distinguished from healthy ones 6 days after inoculation using infrared thermal imaging, that is, at least 4 days before visible symptoms appearance. At 16 dpi, the average temperature of the inoculated wheat leaves was 2.5 ℃ lower than that of healthy ones, and the MTD of the inoculated leaves was 2.28 ℃ larger than that of healthy ones. Fungal development was also assessed microscopically. It was found through microscopic observation and analysis that stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) infection caused changes in the integrity of the epidermal cells, the structure of chloroplasts, as well as stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration rate involved in inducing defense. A decrease in leaf surface temperature after the infection was observed as a thermal signature of early infection of disease after successful germination, penetration and reproduction of urediniospores. Thus, thermal infrared imaging has great potential for early detection of wheat stripe rust, with noninvasive monitoring and direct visualization characteristics.
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Received: 2017-10-17
Accepted: 2018-03-22
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Corresponding Authors:
HE Dong-jian
E-mail: hdj168@nwsuaf.edu.cn
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