景德镇瑶里窑明代白釉瓷瓦组成与呈色特征

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2025)09-2511-06

摘要
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (6399 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要：采用能量色散Ｘ荧光光谱分析和色差计等光谱学分析方法，对景德镇瑶里窑明代白釉瓷瓦样品的胎釉组成及色度进行测试分析，探讨其组成、呈色及原料配方等内容。结果表明，瑶里窑白釉瓷瓦胎体组成总体特征相似，具有南方“高硅低铝”质瓷胎典型特征。其胎中Al₂O₃的含量均值在21.4%左右，SiO₂的含量均值在71.2%，Fe₂O₃的含量均值在1.2%，助熔剂氧化物K₂O、Na₂O、CaO、MgO的总含量均值在5.1%，与景德镇明代早期白瓷胎化学组成比较接近。瑶里窑瓷瓦胎体引入了高岭土，使用了瓷石加高岭土的“二元配方”，使得烧制出的瓷瓦胎质更优。景德镇瑶里窑出土白釉瓷瓦的釉料中主要助熔剂应该是CaO，均值含量为10.29%。K₂O和Na₂O含量相对较低，均值分别为3.22%和0.52%。瑶里瓷瓦釉的CaO应来自釉灰，其釉料配方中应该引入了釉灰或草木灰原料。釉灰和釉果的配比种类较多，造成了瓷釉中Fe₂O₃含量波动较大。钙碱釉有9件，钙釉有11件，釉配方不稳定。色度分析表明，景德镇白釉瓷瓦主波长为515 nm 左右，落在可见光波的绿色波段，这与明代白釉瓷瓦釉面偏绿色相接近。从黄色逐渐变浅，绿色逐渐增加的4个区域样品，其釉料配方中铁含量（均值约为0.48%、0.61%、0.64%、0.99%）逐渐增加，与景德镇瑶里窑明代白釉瓷瓦釉面呈色相符。

关键词：景德镇；瑶里窑；白釉瓷瓦；组成；色度

Abstract：In this study，energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and a colorimeter were used to test and analyze the composition and chroma of the body glaze of the Ming Dynasty white glaze ceramic tile samples from Yaoli kiln in Jingdezhen，and to explore their composition，color, and raw material formula. The results show that the overall characteristics of the body composition of the white glazed ceramic tiles in the kiln are similar，with the typical characteristics of the Southern “high silicon and low aluminum” ceramic body. The average content of Al₂O₃ is about 21.4%，the average content of SiO₂ is 71.2%，the average content of Fe₂O₃ is 1.2%，and the total content of flux oxides K₂O，Na₂O，CaO, and MgO is 5.1%，which is close to the chemical composition of Jingdezhen white porcelain body in the early Ming Dynasty. Kaolin is introduced into the body of the Yaoli kiln ceramic tile，and the “binary formula” of porcelain stone and kaolin is used to make the quality of the ceramic tile body better. The main cosolvent in the glaze of white glazed tiles unearthed from the Yaoli kiln in Jingdezhen is likely CaO, with an average content of 10.29%. The contents of K₂O and Na₂O are relatively low, with an average of 3.22% and 0.52%, respectively. The CaO of Yaoli ceramic tile glaze should come from glaze ash，and glaze ash or plant ash should be introduced into the glaze formula. There are many kinds of glaze ash and glaze fruit，resulting in a large fluctuation of Fe₂O₃ content in porcelain glaze. There are 9 pieces of calcium alkali glaze and 11 pieces of calcium glaze，and the glaze formula is unstable. Chromaticity analysis shows that the main wavelength of Jingdezhen white glaze ceramic tile is approximately 515 nm, which falls within the green band of visible light waves, closely resembling the green glaze of white glaze ceramic tiles in the Ming Dynasty. The iron content ( average value is about 0.48%，0.61%，0.64%，0.99% ) in the glaze formula of the four regional samples gradually increased from yellow to light and green to green，which is consistent with the glaze color of the Ming Dynasty green and white glaze ceramic tiles of Yaoli Kiln in Jingdezhen.

Key words：Jingdezhen;Yaoli Kiln;White glazed tiles;Chemical composition;Colorimetric

收稿日期: 2024-12-29 修订日期: 2025-05-28

中图分类号:

O657.3

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目(51862018)，江西省教育厅项目(GJJ211326)资助

通讯作者: 陈天民 E-mail: chenkej@yeah.net

作者简介: 郁永彬，1987年生，国家文物局考古研究中心研究馆员 e-mail: yu_yb1987@163.com

引用本文:

郁永彬，陈天民，邱晓新，吴军明. 景德镇瑶里窑明代白釉瓷瓦组成与呈色特征[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2025, 45(09): 2511-2516.
YU Yong-bin, CHEN Tian-min, QIU Xiao-xin, WU Jun-ming. Composition and Color Characteristics of Ming Dynasty White Glazed Tiles of Yaoli Kiln in Jingdezhen. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2025, 45(09): 2511-2516.

链接本文:

https://www.gpxygpfx.com/CN/10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2025)09-2511-06 或 https://www.gpxygpfx.com/CN/Y2025/V45/I09/2511

[1] ZHANG Hui-yi(张惠衣). Jinling Great Baoen Temple Pagoda Records，“Ming Yongle Great Baoen Temple Pagoda Magnetic Bricks”(金陵大报恩寺塔志，“明永乐大报恩寺塔磁砖”图注). Nanjing: Nanjing Publishing House(南京：南京出版社)，2007.
[2] LIU Dun-zhen((刘敦桢) . Complete Works of Liu Dun-zhen (Vol.1)(刘敦桢全集第一卷). Beijing: China Building Industry Press(北京：中国建筑工业出版社)，2007. 45.
[3] WANG Guang-yao(王光尧). Palace Museum Journal(故宫博物院院刊)，2023，(5): 4.
[4] SU Shu, DING Yu, WENG Yan-jun(苏舒，丁雨，翁彦俊). Palace Museum Journal (故宫博物院院刊)，2022，(8): 95.
[5] ZHENG Nai-zhang, CAO Chun-e, SHEN Hua-rong，et al(郑乃章, 曹春娥, 沈华荣, 等). Research on Ming Dynasty Tiles and Porcelain Bowls(明代瓷砖和瓷钵的研究)[C]. 02 International Symposium on Ancient Ceramic Science and Technology(02古陶瓷科学技术国际讨论会论文集). Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Literature Publishing House(上海：上海科学技术文献出版社)，2002. 308.
[6] TANG Xue-mei, YU Lu, LI He, et al(唐雪梅，于璐，李合, 等). Palace Museum Journal(故宫博物院院刊)，2022，(8): 101.
[7] YANG Gui-mei, YANG Yu-zhang, YAO Zheng-quan，et al(杨桂美，杨玉璋，姚政权, 等). Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis（光谱学与光谱分析），2019，39(4): 1280.
[8] WU Jun, YE Zheng-long, WU Jun-ming, et al(吴隽，叶正隆，吴军明, 等). Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis（光谱学与光谱分析），2012，32(7)：1989.
[9] ZHOU Ren, LI Jia-zhi(周仁，李家治). Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society(硅酸盐学报)，1960，4(2)：49.
[10] LI Jia-zhi, ZHANG Zhi-gang, DENG Ze-qun, et al(李家治，张志刚，邓泽群，等). Jingdezhen Unearthed Early Ming Dynasty Official Kiln Porcelain(景德镇出土明初官窑瓷器). Hongxi Art Museum, Hongxi Foundation for Arts, Culture and Education(鸿禧美术馆. 鸿禧艺术文教基金会). 1996. 55.
[11] ZHOU Ren(周仁). Research on Jingdezhen Porcelain(景德镇瓷器的研究). Beijing: Science Press(北京：科学出版社)，1958. 72.
[12] LIU Xin-yuan, BAI Kun(刘新园，白焜). Chinese Ceramics-Ancient Ceramics Research Album(中国陶瓷-古陶瓷研究专辑)，1982，(7)：141.
[13] LI Jia-zhi(李家治). History of Chinese Sci-Tech Volume of Ceramics(中国科学技术史·陶瓷卷). Beijing: Science Press(北京：科学出版社)，1998. 365, 356.
[14] LUO Hong-jie, LI Jia-zhi, GAO Li-ming(罗宏杰，李家治，高力明). Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society(硅酸盐通报)，1995, (2): 50.