一种新兴缅甸蛇纹石玉的矿物学及谱学特征

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2025)08-2281-08

摘要
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (19221 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要：针对云南龙陵市场上一种黄绿-灰白相间名为“缅甸鲁玉”的新兴蛇纹石玉，采用岩矿薄片鉴定、X射线粉晶衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪、红外光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪、紫外-可见光谱仪等方法进行测试，以探明其矿物组成、化学成分、谱学特征及颜色成因，推测其成矿过程。结果显示该玉石呈纤维状、鳞片状变晶结构，灰白色基质为水镁石，黄绿色矿物为蛇纹石，蛇纹石的定向性好于水镁石。XRD测试中在d₂₀₂=2.525 Å，d_-132=2.618 Å ，d₀₆₀=1.544 Å处衍射峰指示含叶蛇纹石，d₁₁₀=4.595 Å，d₀₆₁=1.499 Å处弱的衍射峰指示同时含利蛇纹石。扫描电镜及能谱分析显示黄绿色部分FeO_T含量（5.11%）远高于灰白色基质（0.52%），推测Fe有两种存在方式：一是Fe²⁺类质同像替代Mg²⁺进入水镁石晶格形成含铁水镁石，占比极小；二是Fe²⁺、Fe³⁺类质同像替代Mg²⁺、Si⁴⁺进入蛇纹石晶格中形成含铁蛇纹石，占绝大部分。此外含少量闪锌矿、氧化锌及Co、Ni、Mn、Cu等金属杂质。综合化学成分及紫外可见光谱特征可知，该玉石由Fe元素致色，紫外可见光谱653 nm处强宽吸收带由Fe²⁺→Fe³⁺电荷迁移所致并产生绿色，435和457 nm处中等吸收由Fe³⁺自旋禁戒跃迁⁶A₁(⁶S)→⁴_aT₁(⁴G)及⁶A₁→⁴E₁+⁴A₁(⁴G)引起并产生黄色，两种吸收作用叠加使玉石显黄绿色。不同于其他蛇纹石玉品种的是该玉石未见明显的成因指示矿物，据矿物组成、结构构造及颜色特征推断为超基性岩热液自变质成因，形成过程分三阶段：（1）幔源富镁超基性岩浆上侵运移中结晶分异生成橄榄石；（2）岩浆成岩过程后期的热液促使橄榄石完全蚀变为蛇纹石，即超基性岩自变质过程；（3）岩浆期后的强碱性热水溶液渗入裂隙促使部分蛇纹石水解生成水镁石，呈脉纹状及斑块状充填构造裂隙。蛇纹石和水镁石分别是超基性岩浆热液蚀变产物及岩浆期后次生变化产物。

关键词：缅甸蛇纹石玉；矿物组成；颜色成因；谱学特征；成矿机理

Abstract：Aiming at a novel variety of serpentine jade named “Myanmar Lu Yu” with intermingled yellow-green and gray-white colors appearance in the Longling jewellery market of Yunnan, this study employed methods such as petrographic thin-section identification, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy to explore its mineral composition, chemical components, spectroscopic characteristics, the origin of its captivating color and to infer its ore-forming process. The results show that the jade exhibits fibrous and scaly metamorphic crystalline structures. The gray-white matrix is composed of brucite, while the yellow-green mineral is serpentine, with the serpentine crystals having better orientation than brucite. XRD result shows characteristic diffraction peaks of Antigorite at d₂₀₂=2.525 Å, d_-132=2.618 Å, and d₀₆₀=1.544 Å, and characteristic diffraction peaks at d₁₁₀=4.595 Å and d₀₆₁=1.499 Å of Lizardite. Insights obtained from SEM-EDS elucidate that the FeO_T content in the yellow-green part (5.11%) is much higher than in the gray-white matrix (0.52%). It is speculated that Fe exists in two ways: one is that Fe²⁺ isomorphic substitutes for Mg²⁺ to form ferric Brucite, which is very minor; the other is that Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ isomorphic substitutes for Mg²⁺ and Si⁴⁺ enter the crystal structure of serpentine to form ferric serpentine, which constitutes the majority. In addition, there are small amounts of sphalerite, zinc oxide, and trace amounts of metal impurities such as Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and Cu. Based on the chemical composition and UV-Vis spectroscopic characteristics, it is concluded that the iron element colors the jade. The strong and broad absorption band at 653 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum is caused by Fe²⁺→Fe³⁺ charge transfer, resulting in green color. The moderate absorptions at 435 and 457 nm are due to the spin-forbidden transitions ⁶A₁(⁶S)→⁴_aT₁(4G) and ⁶A₁→⁴E₁+⁴A₁(⁴G) of Fe³⁺, resulting in a yellow color. The superposition of these two absorption effects gives the jade its yellow-green appearance. This jade's uniqueness compared to other serpentine jade varieties lies in the absence of obvious mineral indicators of its genesis. Based on its mineral composition, structure, and color characteristics, it is inferred that this serpentine jade is of ultramafic rock hydrothermal autometasomatic origin, with the formation process divided into three stages: (1) cooling and crystallization differentiation of magnesium-rich ultrabasic magma to form olivineduring its ascent and migration from the mantle; (2) hydrothermal alteration of olivine to serpentine completely during the late stage of magmatic lithogenesis, which is the autometasomatic process of ultrabasic rocks; (3) infiltration of strongly alkaline hot water solutions into fractures after the magmatic period, promoting partial hydrolysis of serpentine to form brucite, which fills the structural fractures in vein-like and patch-like patterns. Serpentine is a product of hydrothermal alteration of ultrabasic magmatic rocks, while brucite is a secondary product formed after the magmatic phase.

Key words：Myanmar serpentine;Mineral composition;Color Origin;Spectroscopic characteristic;Metallogenic mechanism

收稿日期: 2025-01-09 修订日期: 2025-04-09

中图分类号:

P575

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（41402075），德宏州中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(2024RC003)，云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目（2025J1587）资助

作者简介: 余炼钢，1980年生，德宏师范高等专科学校艺术学院副教授 e-mail: ylg2004260@163.com

引用本文:

余炼钢，蔡逸涛，郑金宇，廖任庆. 一种新兴缅甸蛇纹石玉的矿物学及谱学特征[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2025, 45(08): 2281-2288.
YU Lian-gang, CAI Yi-tao, ZHENG Jin-yu, LIAO Ren-qing. Study on Mineralogical and Spectroscopic Characteristics of a New Serpentine From Myanmar. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2025, 45(08): 2281-2288.

链接本文:

https://www.gpxygpfx.com/CN/10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2025)08-2281-08 或 https://www.gpxygpfx.com/CN/Y2025/V45/I08/2281

[1] XU Zi-wei，SUN Jia-le，HAO Sen，et al（徐子维，孙佳乐，郝森，等）. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica（岩石矿物学杂志），2023，42（3）：442.
[2] YANG Mei，HE Ming-yue，WANG Feng，et al（杨眉，何明跃，王峰，等）. Northwestern Geology（西北地质），2021，54（4）：142.
[3] LIU Yang-jie，LIN Xiao-ming，ZHANG Ting，et al（刘养杰，林晓明，张婷，等）. Journal of Northwest University（Natural Science Edition）[西北大学学报（自然科学版）]，2009，39（6）：1032.
[4] QIU Lin-lin，LI Xue-tao（邱林林，李雪涛）. China Non-metallic Minerals Industry（中国非金属矿工业导刊），2018，（2）：50.
[5] FAN Gui-zhen，WANG Shi-lin，LIU Yan（范桂珍，王时麒，刘岩）. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica（岩石矿物学杂志），2011，30（S1）：133.
[6] WANG Yong-ya，GAN Fu-xi（王永亚，干福熹）. Rock and Mineral Analysis（岩矿测试），2012，31（5）：788.
[7] GUAN Chong-rong，CHEN Yu（关崇荣，陈宇）. West-China Exploration Engineering（西部探矿工程），2005，（12）：152.
[8] HUANG Rui-fang，SUN Wei-dong，DING Xing，et al(黄瑞芳，孙卫东，丁兴，等). Acta Petrologica Sinica（岩石学报），2013，29（12）：4336.
[9] ZHANG Liang-ju（张良钜）. Acta Mineralogica Sinica（矿物学报），2002，（2）：137.
[10] DING Xing，LIU Zhi-feng，HUANG Rui-fang，et al（丁兴，刘志锋，黄瑞芳，等）. Journal of Engineering Studies（工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程），2016，8（3）：258.
[11] WANG Chang-qiu，YE Li-jin（王长秋，叶立金）. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica（岩石矿物学杂志），2014，33（2）：397.
[12] WANG Shi-lin，YUAN Xue-mei，LI Shi-bo（王时麒，员雪梅，李世波）. Journal of Gems & Gemmology（宝石和宝石学杂志），2007，（4）：1.
[13] Guiyang Insititute of Geochemistry，Chinese Academy of Scicence Editor Team（中国科学院贵阳地球化学研究所组编）. Handbook of Mineral X-ray Power Crystal Identification（矿物X射线粉晶鉴定手册）. Beijing：Science Press（北京：科学出版社），1978.
[14] JIANG Shao-ying（江绍英）. Serpentine Mineralogy and Performance Testing（蛇纹石矿物学及性能测试）. Beijing：Geology Press（北京：地质出版社），1987. 45.
[15] ZHAO Shan-rong，BIAN Qiu-juan，WANG Qin-yan（赵珊茸，边秋娟，王勤燕）. Crystallography and Mineralogy（结晶学及矿物学），Beijing：Higher Education Press（北京：高等教育出版社），2009. 330.
[16] WANG Pu，PAN Zhao-lu，WENG Bao-ling，et al（王濮，潘兆橹，翁宝玲，等）. Systematic Mineralogy（Part 1）[系统矿物学（上）]，Beijing：Geology Press（北京：地质出版社），1984. 620, 133.
[17] LI Jian-jun，LIU Xiao-wei，CHENG You-fa，et al（李建军，刘晓伟，程佑法，等）. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica（岩石矿物学杂志），2010，29（Supp）：100.
[18] Rinaudo C，Gastaldi D，Belluso E. Canadian Mineralogist，2003，41：883.
[19] Kloprogge J T，Frost R L，Rintoul L. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics，1999，1（10）：2559.
[20] DU Guang-peng，LU Bao-qi，PENG Jing，et al（杜广鹏，卢保奇，彭景，等）. Journal of East China University of Science and Technology（Natural Science Edition）[华东理工大学学报（自然科学版）]，2018，44（1）：70.
[21] LI You-qin，JIANG Shao-ying，FAN Wen-wei（李幼琴，江绍英，范文伟）. Scientia Geologica Sinica（地质科学），1981，7（3）：247.
[22] Yariv S. Clays Minerals，1986，21（5）：925.
[23] LU Bao-qi，QI Li-jian，XIA Yi-ben（卢保奇，亓利剑，夏义本）. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society（硅酸盐学报），2005，（5）：572.
[24] PENG Wen-shi，LIU Gao-kui（彭文世，刘高魁）. Infrared Spectrum Atals of Minerals（矿物红外光谱图集）. Beijing：Science Press（北京：科学出版社），1982：35. 180.
[25] SU Yu-zhi，YANG Chun，LUO Yuan（苏雨峙，杨春，罗源）. Journal of Gems &Gemmology（宝石和宝石学杂志），2015，17（6）：25.
[26] YANG Chun，BIAN Zhi-hong，WANG Ya-mei，et al（杨春，边智虹，王雅玫，等）. Resources Environment & Engineering（资源环境与工程），2006，20（6）：760.
[27] ZHENG Jin-yu，LIU Yun-gui，CHEN Tao，et al（郑金宇，刘云贵，陈涛，等）. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis（光谱学与光谱分析），2021，41（2）：643.
[28] QIU Wei，ZHAI Bin，WEI Bin，et al(邱伟，翟彬，魏斌，等). Mineral Exploration（矿产勘查），2021，12（8）：1792.
[29] YANG Jiong，ZHANG Yue-feng，QIU Zhi-li，et al（杨炯，张跃峰，丘志力，等）. Geotectonica et Metallogenia（大地构造与成矿学），2021，45（5）：1044.
[30] YU Qing-wen，LI Shu-cai（于庆文，李树才）. Chinese Tremolite Jade and Serpentine Jade（中国透闪石玉和蛇纹石玉）. Beijing：Geology Press（北京：地质出版社），2017：97.
[31] Evans B W. International Geology Review，2004，46（2）：479.
[32] Mellini M，Trommsdorff V，Compagnoni R. Contrib. Mineral Petrol，1987，97（2）：147.