Scientific Analysis of Glass and Relative Materials of the Warring States Period to Han Dynasties Unearthed From Huaiyang, Hennan Province
CHEN Yan1, LIU Song2, 3, FANG Li-xia1, YUAN Yi-meng2, 3, YANG Yi-fan1, LI Qing-hui2, 3, DING Jun-xia1
1. Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
2. Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
3. Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract：In this paper, a batch of glass and related materials of the Warring States Periods to Han Dynasties unearthed from Huaiyang, Henan Province, are analyzed by optical and spectroscopic techniques, including X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Optical microscopy. The chemical compositions, phase components, internal structures, and microscopic morphology of the samples are obtained, and the material properties, production process, and origins of the samples are also clarified. The communications reflected by the samples are also discussed. The results obtained indicate that the analyzed samples can be divided into two categories: glass and glazed pottery. The glass type includes lead-barium silicate glass (abbreviated for lead-barium glass), lead silicate glass (abbreviated for lead glass), and sodium-calcium silicate glass (abbreviated for sodium-calcium glass). The glazed pottery is lead-barium glazed pottery. There are obvious differences in the contents of some components of lead-barium glass unearthed from different sites, indicating that there is diversity in the formulation and raw materials of lead-barium glass. Soda-lime glass is a typical Westernglass system. Still, PbO and BaO were detected in the glass matrix, which may be related to the glass remelting process during the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasties. The lead-barium glass found in Henan is closely related to the Chu Culture, while the potassium-rich sodium-calcium glass indicates that it may have come from Central Asia.
Key words：Ancient glass; The Warring States Periods to Han Dynasties; Silk Road; Huaiyang, Henan Province
陈 艳，刘 松，方利霞，袁仪梦，杨一帆，李青会，丁俊霞. 河南淮阳出土战国与汉代玻璃及相关材料的科技分析[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2025, 45(10): 2828-2836.
CHEN Yan, LIU Song, FANG Li-xia, YUAN Yi-meng, YANG Yi-fan, LI Qing-hui, DING Jun-xia. Scientific Analysis of Glass and Relative Materials of the Warring States Period to Han Dynasties Unearthed From Huaiyang, Hennan Province. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2025, 45(10): 2828-2836.
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