Scientific Research on the Chemical Composition and Making Process of a Batch of Ancient Glass Jue
HUANG Jue-wei1, 2, DONG Jun-qing1, 2, LIU Song1, YUAN Yi-meng1, LI Qing-hui1, 2*
1. Sci-Tech Archaeology Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
2. Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract：Wearing ornaments is a traditional custom that has been popular from ancient to present. As a type of ornament, Jue is one of the traditional types of jade artifacts in ancient China, which profoundly influenced Southeast Asia. Jue has diverse materials and shapes, has significant historical and regional characteristics, and is one of the important carriers for technological and cultural exchange. Up until now, research on ancient Asian ornaments has mainly involved gemstones and glass beads, while there are few reports on glass Jue. Studying the chemical compositions and trace element characteristics of glass Jue is expected to provide scientific references for the production era of glass Jue found in Southeast Asia and cultural exchanges along the Maritime Silk Road. In this paper, 44 glass Jue found in Southeast Asia have been scientifically analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS), optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical microscopy (OM) and confocal laser Raman microspectroscopy. The Jue samples ' chemical compositions, phase components, internal physical structures, and surface micromorphology are obtained. According to the main flux content of these glass Jue samples, they can be classified into three glass types: potash glass, soda-alumina glass, and potash-lead glass. 42 samples belong to potash glass, and the 2 samples left belong to soda-alumina glass and potash-lead glass, respectively. Two subgroups, the m-K-Al subgroup and the m-K-Ca-Al subgroup, are found for potash glass. Only 4 potash glass samples belong to the m-K-Ca-Al subgroup; the others are the m-K-Al subgroup potash glass. Drawing, casting, and cold-working techniques were applied during glass making. Most of the blue-green, green, and yellow-green glass Jue samples are mainly colored with iron ions, and some of them are colored with both iron and copper ions. The blue and blue-black samples are colored with cobalt ions; the black sample SEAG-005 is colored with manganese ions. The potash-lead glass SEAG-031 is opacified by lead-tin yellow. Combining the glass types, trace element characteristics，shapes, and distributions of Jue, the origins of the raw materials, and production centers for the glass Jue samples are discussed. These glass Jue samples in Southeast Asia witnessed the spread of traditional Chinese culture to Southeast Asia through the Maritime Silk Road and its integration with local technology and culture between 500 BCE and 500 CE. The results of this paper provide a preliminary basis for the cooperation research between China and other countries along the Maritime Silk Road.
黄珏玮，董俊卿，刘 松，袁仪梦，李青会. 一批古代玻璃玦的化学成分和制作工艺科学研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2025, 45(05): 1403-1415.
HUANG Jue-wei, DONG Jun-qing, LIU Song, YUAN Yi-meng, LI Qing-hui. Scientific Research on the Chemical Composition and Making Process of a Batch of Ancient Glass Jue. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2025, 45(05): 1403-1415.
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