| 光谱学与光谱分析 |
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| The Levels of 21 Elements and Inter-element Interactions in Scalp Hair of Women at Childbearing Age in A Rural Area, Inner Mongolia |
| ZHOU Shan-shan1,2, LIU Ying1,2* |
1. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
2. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China |
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Abstract Women of reproductive age are at an increased risk of minerals deficiencies, especially for women in recent years. The objective of this study was to investigate the concentrations of 21 elements (Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ti, B, Co, Mo, Si, V, Ni, Cd, Al, Pb, Ba, Sr, Sn and Se) in scalp hair of apparently healthy women at childbearing age of Xinghe County, Ulanqab city of Inner Mongolia. The hair samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), respectively. The results revealed that the concentration levels of 21 elements were clearly differed from the mean levels reported in the literatures. Micronutrient deficiencies and apparent excess of toxic elements are present in female of childbearing age in studied area. The higher Mg and Al levels may be due to the largest bentonite deposit in North China lay in the study area. The soils in the studied areas had been detected to have low total Se concentration which may account for that 98% participants had Se concent below 0.2 μg·g-1. Inter-element interactions were studied by evaluation of correlation coefficients between two elements, as well as by multiple regression analysis. These elements form divalent ions and their sources are similar were significantly inter-correlated. The strongest relations found between the elements in the hair were as follows: Mg and Ca, Cr and B, Si and Pb, Mn and Pb, Fe and Mn. No correlation was found between Cd and Pb, which is different with other reports. This could be explained by the rarely industrial exposure to these elements. And kinds of geographical environment, dietary habits and other factors in different regions impact human trace element metabolism. Multiple regression analysis presented the results: Ca=f(Mg, Se) (Se are negatively correlated, β<0), Fe=f(Cu, Mn, Ti), Zn=f(Ca, Se, Fe, Ni) (Fe, Ni are negatively correlated, β<0), Cu=f(Pb, Fe, Cd), Al=f(Mg, Pb), Se=f(Zn, Cr, Ca) (Ca are negatively correlated, β<0). These relations can be useful to study the relationships among different elements inside an organism of women. Cluster analysis (CA) was used for further classifying the different sources of elements on the basis of the similarities of their chemical properties. The significantly correlated subcluster of Mn-Pb-Si-Al proved that Pb exposure came from a nature source. The results will provide a reliable basis for improving macro- and microelements status of women in childbearing age in rural area. Meanwhile，this study may help to make more effective strategies to improve the reproductive-aged women’s health and the pregnancy outcome.
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Received: 2015-08-04
Accepted: 2015-12-22
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Corresponding Authors:
LIU Ying
E-mail: liuying4300@163.com
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[2] Chojnacka K, Gorecka H, Chojnacki A, et al. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2005, 20: 368.
[3] Apostoli P. J. Chromatogr. B: Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2002, 778: 63.
[4] Chojnacka K, Zielinska A, Gorecka H, et al. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2010, 29: 314.
[5] Luo R, Zhuo X, Ma D, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 2014, 104: 215.
[6] Zaichick S, Zaichick V, Biol. Trace Elem. Res.，2010, 134: 41.
[7] Rodushkin I, Axelsson M D, Sci. Total Environ., 2000, 262: 21.
[8] Li Y, Zhang X, Yang L, et al. Bull Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 2012, 89: 125.
[9] Chojnacka K, Michalak I, Zielinska A, et al. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 2010，73: 2022.
[10] Ladipo O A, Am J Clin. Nutr., 2000, 72: 280S.
[11] Li S, Banuelos G S, Wu L, Shi W, Nutrients, 2014, 6: 1103.
[12] Tan J, Zhu W, Wang W, et al. Sci. Total Environ., 2002, 284: 227.
[13] Afridi H I, Kazi T G, Brabazon D, et al. Sci. Total Environ., 2011, 412-413: 93.
[14] Vishwanathan H, Hema A, Edwin D, et al. Environ. Monit. Assess, 2002, 77: 149.
[15] Sun H, Chen W, Wang D, et al. Chemosphere, 2014, 108: 33. |
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