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Spectral Characteristics and Color Origin of Unstable Yellow Sapphire |
WANG Yu-yan1, YANG Ling-yue1, LI Ming2, YANG Peng-tao3, Andy Hsitien Shen1, WANG Chao-wen1* |
1. Gemmological Institute, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
2. Jewelry Institute, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
3. Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China |
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Abstract Yellow sapphires with unstable color are widely available in the market. How to effectively identify the characteristics of color unstable yellow sapphires is a hot topic in gemological research. In this paper, color-changing experiment, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and 3D fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to study spectral characteristics of color-stable yellow sapphires. The color-changing experiment revealed that a part of yellow sapphires from Sri Lanka have unstable color, showing a photochromic phenomenon. Short-wave ultraviolet light dyed the original color, while sunlight faded the original color. The color of yellow sapphire after ultraviolet light is composed of stable part and unstable part. Color-unstable sapphire in the “colored state” and the “faded state” both showed blue-violet region absorption in the UV-Vis spectrum, which was likely related to the charge transfer of O2--Fe3+, causing the stable yellow coloration of sapphire. The UV-Vis spectrum of sapphire with obvious color changes showed a significant absorption enhancement in the blue-violet region in the “colored state” compared to the “faded state”, which might attribute to ultraviolet irradiation enhancing the charge transfer between O2--Fe3+. The UV-Vis spectroscopy result showed that samples had a weak Fe-related absorption peak, consistent with low Fe content. The low Fe concentration in the yellow sapphire is not enough to produce a stable yellow in color. 3D fluorescence spectra results revealed that the samples in “colored state” and “faded state” had the same fluorescence center (excitation wavelength=325~335 nm and emission wavelength=560~570 nm). The fluorescence intensity in the “colored state” is much higher than that in the “faded state”. Iron-containing yellow sapphire has a fluorescent effect, and the characteristic fluorescent center can be used as a potential identification characteristic to identify color-unstable yellow sapphire. This paper comprehensively reports the spectral characteristics and possible color causes of unstable yellow sapphires, providing potential identification characteristic to identify color-unstable yellow sapphire and a theoretical basis for the subsequent color modification process.
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Received: 2020-06-30
Accepted: 2020-10-26
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Corresponding Authors:
WANG Chao-wen
E-mail: c.w.wang@cug.edu.cn
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