浙江三个新石器时代遗址出土玉玦科技分析

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2017)09-2905-09

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摘要：玉玦是我国新石器时代广泛出现的一类重要玉器。环太湖流域新石器时代遗址中出土的大量玉玦，具有鲜明时代和地域特征，为探索中国玉文化起源和传播提供了重要实物。为获取环太湖流域新石器时代玉玦的基础材料学信息(如主要矿物组成、硬度等)，以及探索玉料随时间演变规律和可能的原料来源，本文以浙江省境内3个代表性新石器时代遗址——田螺山、仙坛庙和江家山遗址出土的玉玦为研究对象，采用X射线衍射(XRD)和质子激发X射线荧光(PIXE)分析技术对其进行了无损分析检测。研究结果表明：从河姆渡文化至崧泽文化晚期，所分析玉玦的主要组成矿物为萤石、迪开石、石英、白云母、透闪石和蛇纹石等，以萤石、玉髓和迪开石为主，且时代早于透闪石和蛇纹石。结合已有的研究成果，探讨了相关遗址出土玉玦的原料随时间变化特征、原料来源，以及玉玦的材料学特征与加工工艺之间的内在联系。

关键词：新石器时代；玉玦；无损分析；玉材；可能来源

Abstract：In order to acquire the fundamental materials science information of the Neolithic jade jue in Taihu Lake basin (for example, the main minerals and hardness), and explore the evolution law of the jade raw material in pace with time and the possible sources of the jade raw materials, this paper takes the jade jues unearthed from three representative Neolithic sites-Tianluoshan, Xiantanmiao and Jiangjiashan in Zhejiang province as the research objects. These jade jues were nondestructively analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and external beam proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The results suggest that the jade jues analyzed were mainly made of fluorite, dickite, chalcedony, muscovite, tremolite and serpentine dated from Hemudu culture to the late Songze culture. Among them, fluorite, chalcedony and dickite accounted for a large proportion and were applied much earlier than tremolite and serpentine. Combined with the previous researches, we discuss the change of characteristics of the jade jue raw materials unearthed from the relative sites along with time, the possible sources of the jade raw materials, and the internal relation between the material science characteristics and processing technique.

Key words：Neolithic；Jade jue；Nondetective analysis；Raw material；Possible sources

收稿日期: 2016-03-31 修订日期: 2016-08-06

中图分类号:

O433.4

基金资助: 国家(973)计划项目(2012CB720906)，国家自然科学基金项目(11374314)和科技支撑计划课题(2013BAK08B08)资助

通讯作者: 李青会 E-mail: qinghuil@sina.com

作者简介: 董俊卿，1980年生，中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所科技考古中心助理研究员 e-mail： djqing_2005@126.com

引用本文:

董俊卿，孙国平，王宁远，楼航，李青会，顾冬红. 浙江三个新石器时代遗址出土玉玦科技分析[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2017, 37(09): 2905-2913.
DONG Jun-qing，SUN Guo-ping, WANG Ning-yuan, LOU Hang, LI Qing-hui, GU Dong-hong. Analysis the Neolithic Jade Jue Unearthed from Three Sites in Zhejiang. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2017, 37(09): 2905-2913.

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