清代洒金纸样品“洒金”材料无损分析

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2023)06-1781-06

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摘要：洒金纸是我国传统的加工纸，其使用历史悠久，富于装饰效果，在书写、绘画、装帧等领域应用十分广泛，其经久不衰一直沿用至今。洒金纸也传播到邻近的朝鲜半岛、日本并广为流行。传统洒金纸使用一种或多种加工工艺制作而成，充分展现了中国古代独特的纸面装饰技术及艺术审美。目前存世的洒金纸文物艺术品种类、数量较多，但相关科技分析却鲜有报道。为了探讨传统洒金纸“洒金”材料和工艺，利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜-能谱仪、红外光谱仪等手段，对一件清代洒金纸样品进行科技分析：通过光学显微镜、电子显微镜形貌观察，可见样品“洒金”区域呈箔片状并有金属光泽；利用扫描电镜-能谱仪对“洒金”颗粒进行能谱Mapping分析，可知Al、S、K、Cu、Ag、Au元素呈现明显的梯度分布且与“洒金”颗粒形状轮廓完全吻合，进一步分析表明其主呈色色料为Au，结合显微观察可知“洒金”材料的呈色物质为金箔，且制作金箔的Au伴生Ag、Cu等杂质；“洒金”材料中的Mg、Al、Si、S、K、Ca等元素应主要来源于填料，如常见的滑石（Mg₃[Si₄O₁₀](OH)₂）、碳酸钙（CaCO₃）等；红外光谱分析显示“洒金”材料的1 105、662 cm^-1特征吸收峰与SO^2-₄的O—S—O键伸缩与弯曲振动峰1 106、662 cm^-1一致，1 641 cm^-1与3 277～3 337 cm^-1特征吸收峰与明胶的特征吸收峰一致，结合扫描电镜-能谱分析“洒金”材料中含有K、Al、S等元素，暗示了“洒金”材料中应含有胶矾水，即胶粘剂由明胶、明矾（KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O）组成，在“洒金”材料中起连接料的作用。研究表明，该样品的“洒金”主要由金箔呈色，利用胶矾水作胶粘剂并加填滑石、碳酸钙之类的填料。对传统洒金纸“洒金”材料与工艺的研究，为传统洒金纸的传承与发展，以及洒金纸文物艺术品的保护、修复、复制、鉴定等工作奠定了基础。

关键词：洒金纸；“洒金”材料；无损分析

Abstract：Gold sprinkled paper is a traditional processing paper with a long history and good decorative effect in China. It is widely used in writing, painting, and binding. The application of gold-sprinkled paper has a long history, during which it spread to Korean Peninsula, Japan with great popularity. Gold sprinkled paper is processed by various processing techniques, which fully shows the unique paper decoration technology and artistic aesthetics in ancient China. There are still many kinds of cultural relics made by gold sprinkled paper, but few relevant researches on scientific and technological analysis exist. Using the optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer and infrared spectrometer, this paper analyzes the structure and composition of a gold sprinkled paper sample from the Qing Dynasty, and at the same time, the “sprinkled gold” material and technology of traditional gold sprinkled paper were discussed. It shows that the sample’s “sprinkled gold” area is foil. Besides, the metallic luster wasdetected by optical microscope and electron microscope. The results illustrate that Al, S, K, Cu, Ag and Au show obvious gradient distribution, which is consistent with the shape and contour of “sprinkled gold” particles. Further analysis shows that the main color pigment Au, Ag and Cu is half-life impurities. What’s more, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca and other elements should mainly come from fillers, such as common talc (Mg₃[Si₄O₁₀](OH)₂), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), etc. Infrared spectrum analysis shows that the characteristic absorption peaks of 1 105 and 662 cm^-1 of “sprinkled gold” material are consistent with the O—S—O bond stretching and bending vibration peaks of SO^2-₄, 1 106 and 662 cm^-1, and the characteristic absorption peaks of 1 641 cm^-1 and 3 277～3 337 cm^-1 are consistent with the characteristic absorption peaks of gelatin. Combined with Al, S and K in the above results, it suggests that there is alum water in sprinkled gold material. That is, the adhesive is made of gelatin Alum (KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O) plays the role of connecting material in “sprinkled gold” material. It is inferred from this research that the “sprinkled gold” of the sample is mainly colored by gold foil, using gum alum water as an adhesive and adding fillers such as talc and calcium carbonate. The research on the materials and technology of “sprinkled gold” of traditional gold sprinkled paper lays a foundation for the inheritance and development of traditional gold sprinkled paper, as well as the protection, restoration, reproduction and identification of cultural relics and works of art of gold sprinkled paper.

Key words：Gold sprinkled paper; “Sprinkled gold” materials; Nondestructive analysis

收稿日期: 2022-02-06 修订日期: 2022-05-16

中图分类号:

O657.3

基金资助: 北京市属高校高水平教师队伍建设支持计划长城学者培养计划项目（CIT&TCD20190318），中国博士后科学基金项目（2019M650814）资助

通讯作者: 韩宾，施继龙 E-mail: bin.han@ucas.ac.cn；jilongshi@bigc.edu.cn

作者简介: 郑烁在，1993年生，北京印刷学院印刷与包装工程学院硕士研究生 e-mail: 571497347@qq.com

引用本文:

郑烁在，李浩淼，翁连溪，韩宾，施继龙. 清代洒金纸样品“洒金”材料无损分析[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2023, 43(06): 1781-1786.
ZHENG Shuo-zai, LI Hao-miao, WENG Lian-xi, HAN Bin, SHI Ji-long. Nondestructive Analysis of “Sprinkled Gold” Materials of Gold Sprinkled Paper Samples in Qing Dynasty. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2023, 43(06): 1781-1786.

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https://www.gpxygpfx.com/CN/10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2023)06-1781-06 或 https://www.gpxygpfx.com/CN/Y2023/V43/I06/1781

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