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| Application of In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy to the Research of Biomass
Conversion |
| LU Si, CHEN Xiao-li, LIANG Zheng, WANG Xiao-man, SU Qiu-cheng, QI Wei, FU Juan* |
Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Abstract Biomass, as the most abundant bio-renewable resource on Earth, has been recognized as a potential energy source to replace fossil resources and mitigate global energy and environmental crises. As the sole renewable carbon source, biomass can be converted into high-value chemicals and energy-intensive biofuels through various catalytic methods and conversion pathways. In the process of biomass conversion, it is essential to analyze the structure and composition of reactants, intermediates, by products, and products for the study of reaction pathways and reaction mechanisms to improve conversion efficiency. Based on the principle of Fourier infrared spectroscopy, in situ infrared spectroscopy technology with high sensitivity and real-time capabilities is used to monitor online chemical reactions by assembling an in situ reaction tank. It is capable of obtaining the characteristic spectra of substances changing with the reaction conditions, and has a wide range of application prospects in the research of biomass conversion. In this paper, the application of in situ infrared spectroscopy in recent years to research biomass conversion is reviewed. The transformation mechanism of biomass is analyzed using in situ infrared spectroscopy, which includes transmission, diffuse reflection (DRIFTS), and attenuated total reflection (ATR) modes. A categorized review of various conversion strategies for the high-value utilization of biomass is presented, focusing on recent advances in in situ infrared spectroscopy in the study of pyrolysis, chemical catalysis, and electrocatalysis reaction mechanisms. The reaction process involves a variety of catalytic methods, including hydrolysis, hydrogenation, oxidation, reduction, and isomerization, among others. The reaction route, reaction mechanism, and reaction kinetics are studied in depth by tracking the changes in reactant structure and functional groups. It also summarizes the advantages and limitations of various testing modes in in situ infrared spectroscopy when applied to investigate the reaction mechanisms of pyrolysis, chemical catalysis, and electrocatalysis. Finally, addressing the current challenges and difficulties in applying in situ infrared spectroscopy to biomass conversion processes, this study proposes the future directions and potential of this technology. These include technical optimization of in situ reaction cells to enhance compatibility with extreme reaction conditions, as well as the development of multimodal coupling techniques, such as integrating in situ infrared spectroscopy with mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy. Such advancements are expected to provide deeper insights into biomass conversion mechanisms and foster more significant breakthroughs in this field.
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Received: 2025-04-17
Accepted: 2025-07-11
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Corresponding Authors:
FU Juan
E-mail: fujuan@ms.giec.ac.cn
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