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| Analysis and Research on Color Paints for Cliff Statues in Qionglai Caves |
| WANG Lu1, SUN Feng1, 2*, WANG Ruo-su1, LIANG Ya-xin1, YAO Xue3, ZHAO Fan4 |
1. College of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
2. Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Preservation Technology, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China
3. College of Tourism, History and Culture, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
4. Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Chengdu 610041, China
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Abstract Sichuan Qionglai is located in the Chengdu Plain, where the largest scale and most concentrated stone carves were found in Chengdu. Due to the wet and semi-open storage environment, the statues were seriously damaged, and there is a lack of relevant scientific analysis and research. In this paper, 12 paint samples collected from cliff images in Huazhi Temple, Pantuo Temple in Linqiong Town and Stalagmite Mountain in Datong Town in the Qionglai area were used to obtain the paint information through ultra-depth of field microscopic observation, X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray diffraction and micro laser Raman spectroscopy analysis. The results show that the red pigments are hematite [Fe2O3] and lead red [Pb3O4]. The green pigment is copper arsenate [Cu(AsO3)(OH)·2H2O] and Euchlorine [KNaCu3O(SO4)3]; The white pigment is gypsum [CaSO4]; The yellow pigment is yellow ochre [Fe2O3]. The black pigment is the change product of red lead [Pb3O4], and the blue pigment is lapis lazuli [Na6Ca2Al6Si6O24(SO4)2]. It is worth noting that the analysis results of green pigments, in which copper arsenate substances are often detected in the analysis of color painting in recent years, and most of them appear in southwest China. It is judged that it is the product of the change of modern and modern synthetic pigment Paris green, and then it is speculated that there is the possibility of modern and modern repainting here. In addition, the green pigment with Euchlorine has been detected for the first time in this paper, which enriches the analysis of examples of ancient coloring pigments, and it is judged that it may be the result of the change of some green copper minerals. Sichuan area humid environment, some unstable mineral pigments are prone to chemical changes, some produce color change, some color change is not obvious, but the composition has produced new substances. In this paper, the color paints in Qionglai caves were analyze to obtain the relevant information about the pigments used in cliff statues in Sichuan, which provided a scientific basis for the pigment restoration. It was also helpful for cultural relic workers to carry out targeted protection work and provided a reference for the research and protection of color painted grottoes in Sichuan.
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Received: 2021-07-06
Accepted: 2022-02-28
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Corresponding Authors:
SUN Feng
E-mail: sunfeng@nwu.edu.cn
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