Feasibility of Rapid Evaluation of Urea-Formaldehyde Fertilizer by Infrared Spectroscopy
LIU Xing-bin, WANG Yue*, HAN Xiao-ri*, MA Bin
National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
Abstract：At present, the rapid evaluation methods of urea formaldehyde fertilizer (UFF) efficiency are based on the activity coefficient method of urea formaldehyde (UF) water solubility, but the specific operating rules and technical indexes are different in different countries and regions because of activity coefficient method limitation. The nutrient release rate of UFF is directly related to the structure of UF, which is not directly related to its solubility in aqueous solution at different temperatures. Therefore, it is more reasonable to study the nutrient release from UF structure. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to evaluate the structure of UF under different factors of water content, urea content and formaldehyde storage time, so as to find a new UFF evaluation method. We investigated the relationship between the infrared absorption spectra of the product under different reaction conditions, the amount of product produced and the nutrient release of the reaction product of different urea in the acidic environment. It can be seen from the research results that the spectrum can reflect the change of water and urea addition and the change of formaldehyde storage time on the relative strength of the absorption peak of the characteristic group of UF. Through these changes, the change of UF composition can be judged. These judgments can be confirmed from the amount of the product, and the results of the soil culture experiments were further confirmed by the infrared spectrum to determine the correctness. The above results showed that it was feasible to study the fine change of UF structure by infrared absorption spectroscopy. If the mathematical model was established between the fine changes of urea formaldehyde infrared spectrum and UF nutrient release in the soil，a new means to assessment UFF fertilizer efficiency would be provided accurately and rapidly.
刘兴斌，王 月，韩晓日，马 宾. 红外吸收光谱快速评估脲甲醛肥效的可行性[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2018, 38(03): 750-755.
LIU Xing-bin, WANG Yue, HAN Xiao-ri, MA Bin. Feasibility of Rapid Evaluation of Urea-Formaldehyde Fertilizer by Infrared Spectroscopy. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2018, 38(03): 750-755.
[1] ZHAO Bing-qiang(赵秉强). New fertilizers(新型肥料). Beijing: Science Press(北京：科学出版社), 2013.
[2] Trinh T H, Kushaari K, Shuib A S, et al. Biosystems Engineering, 2015, 130: 34.
[3] Naz M Y, Sulaiman S A. Journal of Controlled Release, 2016, 225: 109.
[4] Quemada M, Baranski M, Nobel-de Lange M N J, et al. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2013, 174(15): 1.
[5] HE Pei-hua, HUANG Qing , CAO Wei-yu(何佩华, 黄 庆, 曹卫宇). Journal of the Chemical Fertilizer Industry(化肥工业), 2015, 42(2)：78.
[6] LI Fei, FAN Xiao-lin(李 飞, 樊小林). Journal of northwest A&F University·Nat. Sci. Ed.(西北农林科技大学学报·自然科学版)，2015, 43(12): 119.
[7] HUANG Li-na, WEI Shou-xing(黄丽娜, 魏守兴). Journal of Agriculture(农学学报), 2015, 5(7): 76.
[8] HU Chun-hua, LUO Ge-bin, ZENG Jian-hua(胡春花, 罗革彬, 曾建华). Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报), 2011, 27(15): 174.
[9] LOU Yun, CHEN Hai-bin, ZHANG Li-dan(娄 赟, 陈海斌, 张立丹). Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops(热带作物学报), 2016，(2): 262.
[10] Yang Zhihai, Shi Yuanliang, Sun Yuhuan. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2016, 128(6)：107.
[11] Yamamoto C F, Pereira E I, Mattoso Luiz H C, et al. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016, 287(1): 390.
[12] Azeem B, Shaari K Z K, Man Z B. Journal of Controlled Release, 2014, 181(10): 11.
[13] ZHANG Ying，YANG Shu-ming(张 莹, 杨曙明). Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis(光谱学与光谱分析), 2017, 37(1): 54.
[14] DUAN Lu-lu, FAN Bin, WANG Yin(段路路, 范 宾, 王 寅). Chemical Fertilizer Industry(化肥工业), 2010, 37(3)：16.
