1. Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China 2. Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Sheyang 110036, China
Abstract：Many organic matters including heavy metal ions can validly utilize the singlet and triplet for luminescence owiog to the spin-orbit coupling. As a result, the internal quantum efficiency can easily achieve a value higher than traditional organic light emitting diodes in theory. There is a strong luminescence of PVK in PVK：PBD：Rubrene system. PL spectra excited by 345 nm of PVK：PBD：Rubrene thin film has a 410 nm PVK luminescent peak and a 560 nm Rubrene peak. EL still has a PVK luminescent peak, which should be kept from happening. Excitons can not adequately transferred from the matrix solution to Rubrene. The doping with Ir(ppy)3 improves the PVK：PBD：Rubrene system performance. PL spectra excited by 345 nm of PVK：PBD：Ir(ppy)3：Rubrene with low concentration of Rubrene has a 510 nm Ir(ppy)3 peak and a new 548 nm one. However, the Ir(ppy)3 peak is smaller and the Rubrene one is bigger in EL spectra. Notably a strong and single luminescence of Rubrene is obtained in EL and PL spectra excited by 345 nm of PVK：PBD：Ir(ppy)3：Rubrene with high concentration of Rubrene. Meanwhile, the Ir(ppy)3 luminescent peak disappears. The mechanism originates from the phosphorescent effect of Ir(ppy)3. The singlet excitons can basically be transferred from PVK：PBD or Ir(ppy)3 to Rubrene. But most excitons from Ir(ppy)3 can directly tunnel to the fluorescent material and come into being singlet states that can return to ground states and cause luminescence. Rubrene can accept proportional excitons with low concentration. While the concentration of Rubrene is higher, excitons can be entirely accepted by Rubrene. The effect also restricts the luminescent intensity of Ir(ppy)3 and boosts up that of Rubrene. Furthermore, the energy transfer in PVK：PBD：Ir(ppy)3：Rubrene system is primary the Forester energy transfer. Excitation spectra of Rubrene and emission spectra of Ir(ppy)3 have a large overlap revealing that there is a strong energy transfer and further confirmed the phosphorescent effect of Ir(ppy)3. The doping system with phosphorescence material and small molecules can enhance the brightness and internal quantum efficiency.
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