Rapid Identification of Water Body Characteristics in Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites by Spectral Parameter Method
MA Yan1, 2, 3, ZHAO Hang-zheng1, 2, 3, YU Min-da2, 3, CUI Jun2, 3, SHAN Guang-chun2, 3, ZHENG Yi-ming2, 3, ZHANG Ya-ru1, HE Xiao-song2, 3*
1. School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
3. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
Abstract:Oil-polluted water is becoming more and more widespread, which poses a serious threat to the human and ecological environment. Rapid, accurate and reliable monitoring of oil pollution in water is essential for understanding its environmental behavior and assessing human exposure risk. Petroleum components often have better spectral responses, but there are few reports on the rapid monitoring of water contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons based on spectral technology. This study focuses on the groundwater and surface water of a typical petroleum-contaminated site. Use standard methods to obtain sample conductivity, total organic carbon and Cl-, NO-3, SO2-4, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH+4, volatile organic compounds and petroleum hydrocarbons C6-C9, C10-C14, C15-C28, C29-C40 concentration, and the samples were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, and use multivariate data analysis methods to evaluate the possibility of rapid identification and application of spectroscopy technology in petroleum contaminated sites. The results showed that: ① Ultraviolet-visible parameters and synchronous fluorescence parameters indicate that the molecular structure of organic substances in contaminated submerged water is complex, contains a large number of aromatic compounds and contains a large number of substituents such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl and esters on the organic substances. Three-dimensional fluorescence parameters indicate that the organic substances in contaminated submerged water have undergone a long period of biological transformation, indicating that the organic substances in contaminated submerged water have strong stability and poor. ② The three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of samples contaminated by benzene series showed obvious fluorescence peaks in areas Ⅰ and Ⅳ, and shoulder peaks in area Ⅴ. The three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of samples contaminated mainly by naphthalene series showed obvious fluorescence peaks in areas Ⅱ and Ⅳ, and shoulder peaks in area Ⅰ. The three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of samples contaminated mainly by naphthalene series and phenanthrene series showed the highest fluorescence peak in zone II, and shoulder peaks existed in Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ; ③ The concentration of C6-C9 components of petroleum hydrocarbons can be rapidly indicated by the ultraviolet-visible parameters S308~363, SUVA254 and the volume of zone Ⅰ in the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, the concentration of C10-C14 and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) can be rapidly indicated by the volume of zone Ⅳ in the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, and the concentration of C15-C28 and C29-C40 can be rapidly indicated by the volume of zone Ⅰ in the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum. Spectral parameters combined with multivariate data analysis can be used to quickly identify petroleum-contaminated water bodies, providing a new fast on-line monitoring and analysis method for groundwater petroleum pollution monitoring and remediation.
[1] Lam S S, Liew R K, Jusoh A, et al. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 53: 741.
[2] LEI Pei, ZHANG Hong, WANG Chao, et al(雷 沛,张 洪,王 超,等). Journal of Lake Sciences(湖泊科学), 2018, 30(6): 1489.
[3] HE Xiao-song, XI Bei-dou, ZHANG Peng, et al(何小松,席北斗,张 鹏,等). China Environmental Science(中国环境科学), 2015, 35(3): 862.
[4] WANG Shu-tao, LI Ming-shan, WANG Yu-tian, et al(王书涛,李明珊,王玉田,等). Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis(光谱学与光谱分析), 2020, 40(2): 494.
[5] Lee B M, Seo Y S, Hur J. Water Research, 2015, 73: 242.
[6] ZHOU Yun, CHEN Fei, YAO Jian-guo, et al(周 昀,陈 飞,姚建国,等). Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory(分析试验室), 2017, 36(4): 412.
[7] HU Xiao-ming, CUI Jun, PEI Yuan-sheng(胡晓明,崔 骏,裴元生). Research of Environmental Sciences(环境科学研究), 2019, 32(4): 636.
[8] Forrestal C, Haeger A, Dankovich L, et al. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 2016, 2(2): 353.
[9] LI Ai-min, LIAN Zeng-yan, YANG Ren-jie, et al(李爱民,连增艳,杨仁杰,等). Environmental Chemistry(环境化学), 2018, 37(4): 910.
[10] LI Ze, ZHANG Xiao-fei, WU Bai-chun, et al(栗 则,张晓飞,吴百春,等). Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory(分析试验室), 2018, 37(7): 863.
[11] PENG Li, YU Min-da, HE Xiao-song, et al(彭 莉,虞敏达,何小松,等). Environmental Science(环境科学), 2018, 39(10): 4556.
[12] Li W T, Jin J, Li Q, et al. Water Research, 2016, 93: 1.
[13] BAI Lan-lan, XI Hong-bo, ZHOU Yue-xi, et al(白兰兰,席宏波,周岳溪,等). Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering(环境工程学报), 2016, 10(6): 3366.
[14] ZI Yuan-yuan, KONG Fan-long, XI Min, et al(訾园园,孔范龙,郗 敏,等). Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报), 2016, 27(12): 3871.
[15] Mahamuni G, Rutherford J, Davis J, et al. Environmental Science and Technology, 2020, 54(13): 8198.