Research of Pollution Characteristics, Ecological and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 From Fireworks by Inductively Coupled
Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy
ZHU Zhao-zhou1, YAN Wen-rui1, 2, ZHANG Zi-jing1, 2
1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
2. School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University，Tianjin 300387, China
Abstract：Ambient air was severely polluted due to the elevated level of PM2.5 via burning fireworks. The custom of burning fireworks is prevalent on important occasions around the world. However, there is only a little research concerning heavy metals in PM2.5 from fireworks. In this work, the grade of air quality, potential ecological and health risks of heavy metals in PM2.5 from fireworks in Beijing were evaluated by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) combined with Geo-accumulation index, potential ecological risk index, and health risk assessment model. A sample was first digested with a purified nitric acid solution at 120 ℃ for 2 hours. The solution volume was precisely adjusted with pure water. Finally, the sample was measured with an ICP-MS. The tested elements included As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn. The Rh was added to the sample as the standard internal element to control the instrument signal drift and attenuation. The results show that the 24-hour average concentration of PM2.5 from fireworks during the fireworks discharge period is (93±117) μg·m-3, which is higher than China’s ambient air quality standards. Cu, Cr, Ba, Pb, Zn, and As levels in PM2.5 are 17.8, 16.6, 8.1, 5.8, 1.8, and 1.3 times higher than the background concentrations, respectively. They are influenced significantly by fireworks. The order of geo-accumulation index of heavy metals in PM2.5 from fireworks is Cu>Pb>Cd>Zn>As>Ba>Cr, Mn, Ni, Co, V, Fe. The pollution of heavy metals in PM2.5 from fireworks is mainly Cu, Pb, and Cd. The As, Zn, and Ba may are caused moderate pollution. The pollution degrees of other heavy metals are lower than moderate pollution in this work. The pollution caused by fireworks is severed from 20:00 on New Year’s Eve to 8:00 on the Spring Festival. The pollution degrees are all higher than the moderate level in this period. They are strongly to extremely contaminated from 22:00 on New Year’s Eve to 5:00 on the Spring Festival. The order of ecological risk index of heavy metals in PM2.5 from fireworks is Cd>Cu>Pb>As>Zn, Cr, Co, Ni, Mn, V. The potential ecological risks mainly stem from Cd, Cu, and Pb. The levels of potential ecological risks from 22:00 on New Year’s Eve to 5:00 on the Spring Festival are higher than moderate. The levels of potential ecological risks are up to very high from 00:00 to 4:00 on the Spring Festival. The health risk assessment results show that the values of HI and ILCR are less than 1. It indicates that the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in PM2.5 from fireworks to humans can be ignored.
Key words：PM2.5; Heavy metals; Fireworks; Pollution characteristics; Ecological risk; Health risk assessment
朱兆洲，闫文蕊，张紫静. 电感耦合等离子体质谱法研究烟花爆竹PM2.5中重金属的污染特征及生态健康风险[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2023, 43(02): 644-650.
ZHU Zhao-zhou, YAN Wen-rui, ZHANG Zi-jing. Research of Pollution Characteristics, Ecological and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 From Fireworks by Inductively Coupled
Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2023, 43(02): 644-650.
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