1. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
2. Experiment Center of Resources and Environmental Science Research, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
摘要： 新农科建设背景下，提升农业院校本科生实践创新能力成为实验课程改革的核心目标。传统实验课程内容陈旧、技术方法单一，难以满足新农科对复合型人才的需求。以傅里叶变换红外光谱技术（FTIR）为切入点，首次系统对比了衰减全反射法（ATR-FTIR）与透射法（FTIR）在不同施肥处理土壤官能团测定中的操作流程、数据特征及教学适用性差异。基于土壤分析实验构建“基础认知—方法比较—综合应用”三阶段实验教学模式，通过分组实验与对比分析开展教学。结果表明：①FTIR法对—OH官能团（3 400 cm-1）检测峰高均值达0.32±0.04（n=3），1 440 cm-1处C—H振动峰面积比值为ATR-FTIR法的3~4倍，更适用于精准定量分析；②改革后学生期末“ATR-FTIR/FTIR方法选择应用题”得分率从62%提升至89%，FTIR压片成功率从65%提升至88%，自主识别实验误差点从1.8个增至4.2个；③不同施肥处理下，SNPK处理显著降低土壤芳香族化合物含量（ATR-FTIR法：3.16%±0.14% vs. CK：4.27%±0.01%），50%NPK+50%M处理显著提升酚、醇类化合物含量（FTIR法：15.35%±1.93% vs. CK：13.12%±1.29%）。该教学模式通过“技术对比—实践验证—创新应用”的逻辑闭环，显著提升学生的科研认知深度、操作创新能力及科研思维，更有效衔接了FTIR技术原理与新农科土壤研究需求，优化了农业资源与环境实验课程结构，为新农科交叉型人才培养提供了可复制的实践路径。
关键词：新农科；实验教学改革；衰减全反射法；透射法；土壤官能团；学生参与
Abstract：Against the background of new agricultural construction, improving the practical innovation ability of undergraduates in agricultural colleges and universities has become the core goal of experimental curriculum reform. The traditional experimental course content is obsolete, and the technical method is single, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of new agricultural science for compound talents. In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used as a starting point to systematically compare the operational procedures, data characteristics, and teaching applicability of attenuated total reflection (ATR) and transmission (FTIR) for the first time in the determination of soil functional groups under different fertilization treatments. Based on the soil analysis experiment, a three-stage teaching mode of “basic cognition-method comparison-comprehensive application” was developed, with teaching conducted through group experiments and comparative analysis. The results showed that: ① The average peak height of the —OH functional group (3 400 cm-1) detected by the FTIR method was 0.32±0.04 (n=3), and the ratio of the C—H vibration peak area at 1 440 cm-1 was 3~4 times that of the ATR method, which was more suitable for accurate quantitative analysis. ② After the reform, the score rate of students in the final “ATR/FTIR method selection application question” increased from 62% to 89%, the success rate of FTIR tableting increased from 65% to 88%, and the error points of the self-recognition experiment increased from 1.8 to 4.2. ③ Under different fertilization treatments, SNPK treatment significantly reduced the content of soil aromatic compounds (ATR method: 3.16%±0.14% vs. CK: 4.27%±0.01%), and 50% NPK+50% M treatment significantly increased the content of phenols and alcohols (FTIR method: 15.35%±1.93% vs. CK: 13.12%±1.29%). Through the logical closed loop of “technical comparison-practical verification-innovative application”, this teaching mode significantly improves students' scientific research cognitive depth, operational innovation ability and scientific research thinking, more effectively connects the principle of FTIR technology with the needs of new agricultural soil research, optimizes the structure of agricultural resources and environment experiment course, and provides a replicable practical path for the cultivation of new agricultural cross-disciplinary talents.
吕凤莲，单晓玲，李利敏，赵 冉，郑 伟. 新农科背景下土壤分析实验教学改革：ATR-FTIR与FTIR的比较研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2025, 45(12): 3480-3487.
LÜ Feng-lian, SHAN Xiao-ling, LI Li-min, ZHAO Ran, ZHENG Wei. Experimental Teaching Reform of Soil Analysis Under the Background of New Agricultural Science: Comparative Study of ATR-FTIR and FTIR
Technique. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2025, 45(12): 3480-3487.
