冻融与干湿交替作用对秸秆源溶解性有机质光谱特性的影响

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2025)12-3394-09

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摘要：秸秆作为农业生产的主要副产物，其还田所释放的溶解性有机质（DOM）是农田土壤中DOM的重要来源。老化过程通过改变秸秆释放DOM的含量、组分和结构特征，进而影响其在环境中的功能特性。采用紫外-可见光谱（UV-Vis）和三维荧光光谱（3D-EEM）结合平行因子分析（PARAFAC）技术，系统探究了冻融循环（FT）与干湿交替（WD）两种典型老化作用下的玉米秸秆源DOM光谱特征的演化规律。结果表明：（1）两种老化处理均显著促进了溶解性有机碳（DOC）的释放（FT：6.08→9.14 g·kg^-1；WD：6.42→12.39 g·kg^-1），且WD处理的累积释放量较FT处理高95.10%，表明较高温度和水分变化条件会促进DOM的释放；（2）UV-Vis光谱特征显示，秸秆源DOM中含有双键（C═C，C═O，N═N）化合物，在冻融循环过程中，250~300 nm区域的肩峰逐渐增大且变宽，表明秸秆腐殖化程度增加；而在干湿交替作用下肩峰较窄且吸收强度较高，表明干湿交替下腐殖化程度降低且芳香族化合物和不饱和共轭双键结构含量较高；（3）PARAFAC识别出3种类腐殖质组分（C1、C2、C3），其中芳香性组分C2的相对含量随老化次数增加而降低；（4）光谱参数特征结果表明，老化过程中秸秆源DOM的SUVA₂₅₄和SUVA₂₆₀值减小，E2/E3值逐步上升，荧光指数（FI）上升（FT：1.435→1.446；WD：1.436→1.456），揭示了老化过程中秸秆源DOM分子结构趋于简单化；光谱特征参数的相关性分析发现，随着DOM芳香性结构的破坏，分子量减小且DOM发色团与荧光团性质相似。该研究阐明了老化作用下秸秆源DOM的释放及其光谱特征演变规律，可为秸秆的资源化利用提供科学依据。

关键词：秸秆；冻融循环；干湿交替；溶解性有机质；光谱特征

Abstract：As a major agricultural by-product, straw is a significant source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in farmland soils. Aging processes modify the quantity, composition, and structural attributes of straw-derived DOM, thereby influencing its environmental functions and ecological behavior. This study systematically explored the evolution of maize straw-derived DOM under two typical processes freeze-thaw (FT) cycles and wet-dry (WD) alternation-using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The results demonstrated that (1) both aging treatments significantly enhanced dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release (FT: 6.08 → 9.14 g·kg^-1; WD: 6.42→12.39 g·kg^-1), with cumulative DOC release under WD treatment being 95.1% higher than under FT, indicating that higher temperature and changes in moisture conditions accelerate organic matter mobilization; (2) UV-Vis spectral analysis revealed the presence of double bond-containing compounds (C═C, C═O, N═N) in straw-derived DOM. During FT cycles, the shoulder peak at 250～300 nm gradually increased and broadened, indicating enhanced humification. In contrast, under wet-dry alternation, the shoulder peak appeared narrower with stronger absorbance, suggesting a reduced degree of humification and a higher abundance of aromatic compounds and unsaturated conjugated double-bond structures; (3) PARAFAC modeling identified three humic-like components (C1, C2, and C3), with the relative abundance of the aromatic component C2 decreasing progressively with aging cycles; (4) Spectral parameter analysis revealed that SUVA₂₅₄ and SUVA₂₆₀ values declined, while E2/E3 ratios and fluorescence indices (FI) increased (FT: 1.435→1.446; WD: 1.436→1.456), indicating progressive molecular simplification of straw-derived DOM during the aging process; Correlation analysis further revealed that the degradation of aromatic structures was accompanied by a decrease in molecular weight and an increased similarity between chromophore and fluorophore properties. This study elucidates the dynamic evolution of straw-derived DOM content, composition, and spectral properties during aging, offering scientific insights into the sustainable utilization of straw resources.

Key words：Straw; Freeze-thaw cycles; Wet-dry alternation; Dissolved organic matter; Spectral characteristics

收稿日期: 2025-05-08 修订日期: 2025-09-29

中图分类号:

O657.3

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目（52479037），黑龙江省杰出青年基金项目（JQ2023E001）资助

作者简介: 崔嵩，1981年生，东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院教授 e-mail: cuisong-bq@neau.edu.cn

引用本文:

崔嵩，刘璐，张福祥. 冻融与干湿交替作用对秸秆源溶解性有机质光谱特性的影响[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2025, 45(12): 3394-3402.
CUI Song, LIU Lu, ZHANG Fu-xiang. Effects of Freeze-Thaw Cycles and Wet-Dry Alternation on Spectral Characteristics of Straw-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2025, 45(12): 3394-3402.

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