室温液态金属核壳型纳米药物的制备及光热性能研究

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2025)12-3366-07

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摘要：相比传统癌症治疗方法，光热治疗因其毒副作用小、靶向性强、疼痛感轻等优势而备受关注。室温液态金属（LMs）是一类新兴的功能材料，常温下呈液态，兼具金属的导电性与流体的可加工性。其独特的流动性、良好的分散性与溶解性、优异的导热性及光热响应性，以及良好的生物相容性，使其在光热治疗领域展现出独特的应用前景。然而，室温液态金属表面张力大与反射率高等特点严重限制了其光热转换效率。值得注意的是，室温液态金属表面原子具有高度的流动性与可分散性，赋予其较高的表面化学活性。基于此，通过表面化学修饰来调控室温液态金属的表面光学性能，是提升其光热性能的一种理想策略。研究引入无毒、具有良好生物相容性的海藻酸钠（SA）溶液对室温液态金属表面进行功能化修饰。超声作用下，海藻酸钠可均匀包覆于室温液态金属纳米粒子表面，形成稳定分散的液态金属@海藻酸钠（LM@SA）核壳型纳米粒子。海藻酸钠修饰后获得了具有优异光热性能的室温液态金属纳米药物，其在1.5 W·cm^-2的808 nm近红外激光照射下，升温速率达到5.4 ℃·min^-1，4分钟内温度可达63 ℃，光热转换效率高达41.9%。同时，海藻酸钠修饰显著提高了粒子的分散性与热稳定性，在连续8轮光热冷却循环中温升能力未见明显下降。综上所述，本文提出了一种通过生物相容性高分子调控LMs光学性能的新策略，为其在精准、高效的肿瘤光热治疗中的应用提供了有力支撑。

关键词：液态金属；海藻酸钠；核壳结构；表面改性；光热疗法；纳米药物

Abstract：Photothermal therapy (PTT) has garnered significant interest as a promising alternative to conventional cancer treatments, owing to its low systemic toxicity, high targeting precision, and minimal invasiveness. Room-temperature liquid metals (LMs)—a class of functional materials exhibiting both metallic conductivity and fluidic processability—have emerged as attractive candidates for PTT applications. Their unique attributes, including fluidity, dispersibility, high thermal conductivity, efficient photothermal response, and biocompatibility, underscore their potential in this field. However, the practical application of LMs is hampered by their high surface tension and reflectivity, which limit photothermal conversion efficiency. Notably, the highly dynamic and dispersible nature of LM surface atoms offers a pathway for modulation via surface chemical modification. In this study, we employ sodium alginate (SA), a nontoxic and biocompatible natural polymer, to functionally tailor the surface of LMs. Through ultrasonication, a uniform SA coating was formed on LM nanoparticles, yielding well-dispersed core-shell nanostructures, termedLiquid metal@sodium alginate (LM@SA). The SA-modified nanoparticles exhibited remarkable photothermal performance: under 808 nm near-infrared laser irradiation at 1.5 W·cm^-2, the heating rate reached 5.4 ℃·min^-1, with a temperature plateau of 63 ℃ attained within 4 minutes. The photothermal conversion efficiency was calculated to be 41.9%. Furthermore, the SA coating significantly enhanced colloidal and thermal stability, as evidenced by consistent heating performance over eight consecutive laser on-off cycles without noticeable decay. In summary, this work demonstrates a biocompatible polymer-based strategy for effectively regulating the surface optical properties of LMs. The resulting LM@SA nanomedicine exhibits efficient, stable photothermal behavior, offering a promising platform for precise, effective tumor photothermal therapy.

Key words：Liquid metals; Sodium alginate; Core-shell structure; Surface modification; Photothermal therapy; Nanomedicine

收稿日期: 2025-05-16 修订日期: 2025-10-15

中图分类号:

O614.37+1

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目（62465019），云南省应用基础研面上项目(202401AT070306, 202501AT070011, 202501AT070010)资助

通讯作者: 段良飞，杨慧芹 E-mail: yanghuiqin@ynnu.edu.cn；liangfeiduan@ynnu.edu.cn

作者简介: 任星雨，1998年生，云南师范大学化学化工学院硕士研究生 e-mail: rxy992231@163.com
陈怀，女，1989年生，云南师范大学能源与环境工程学院讲师 e-mail: chenhuai@ynnu.edu.cn
任星雨，陈怀：并列第一作者

引用本文:

任星雨，陈怀，高思博，王光华，段良飞，杨慧芹. 室温液态金属核壳型纳米药物的制备及光热性能研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2025, 45(12): 3366-3372.
REN Xing-yu, CHEN Huai, GAO Si-bo, WANG Guang-hua, DUAN Liang-fei, YANG Hui-qin. Preparation and Photothermal Performance Study of Room Temperature Liquid Metal Core-Shell Nanomedicines. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2025, 45(12): 3366-3372.

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