铷原子双光子光频标谱线信噪比影响因素研究

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2025)07-1894-06

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摘要：基于双光子跃迁的光频标，有望成为未来实际可用的小型化光学原子钟。高信噪比光频标谱线的获取是实现高性能光频标的重要前提。本文在完成双光子跃迁光频标实验装置搭建的基础上，从激光光强、原子数密度、光电倍增管增益(PMT)等方面，对光频标谱线信噪比的影响因素进行了实验分析，并获取了不同参数值下的光频标跃迁谱线的信噪比。实验结果表明，激光光强小于15 700 mW·mm^-2时谱线信噪比随激光光强的增加而线性增加，原子数密度达到1.5×10¹³ cm^-3、PMT增益为1.2×10⁵时光频标谱线信噪比达到饱和。本装置获取的双光子跃迁光频标谱线信噪比最高达到2 600，考虑双光子跃迁谱线的线宽为1 MHz，光频标短期频率稳定度预期将达到~3×10^-13τ^-1/2。本文通过对铷原子双光子光频标谱线信噪比的影响因素进行研究，获取了高信噪比原子跃迁谱线，对高性能集成化双光子光频标的研制具有重要意义。

关键词：双光子跃迁；光频标；跃迁谱线；信噪比

Abstract：The optical frequency standard based on two-photon transition is expected to become a miniaturized optical atomic clock available in the future. Acquiring spectral lines with a high signal-to-noise ratio is an important prerequisite for achieving high-performance optical frequency standards. The experimental setup of the two-photon transition optical frequency standard was completed. The factors affecting the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical frequency standard spectral line were experimentally analyzed from the aspects of laser intensity, atomic density, and the gain of the photomultiplier tube, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical frequency standard transition spectral line under different parameter values was obtained. Experimental results show that the spectral line's signal-to-noise ratio increases linearly with the increase of the laser intensity in the range of 15 700 mW·mm^-2.When the atomicitydensity reaches 1.5×10¹³ cm^-3 and the PMT gain is 1.2×10⁵, the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectral line reaches saturation. The signal-to-noise ratio of the spectral line of the two-photon transition optical frequency standard obtained by this setup can reach up to 2600. Considering that the linewidth of the two-photon transition spectral line is 1MHz, the short-term frequency stability of the optical frequency standard is expected to reach 3×10^-13τ^-1/2. By studying the factors affecting the signal-to-noise ratio of two-photon optical frequency standard spectral lines based on Rubidium atoms, the atomic transition spectral line with a high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained, which is of great significance for the development of high-performance and integrated two-photon optical frequency standards.

Key words：Two-photon transition;Optical frequency standard;Transition spectral lines;Signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)

收稿日期: 2024-12-25 修订日期: 2025-02-24

中图分类号:

O562.3

基金资助: 军科委创新特区项目，重点实验室基金项目(6142207240101)，国家自然科学基金项目(U2341247)，甘肃省自然科学基金项目(25JRRA416, 25JRRA801)，甘肃省领军人才计划项目(2023-LJRCⅡ-366)资助

通讯作者: 翟浩，肖玉华，王骥 E-mail: 2692244353@qq.com；yhxiao2004@sina.com；20138295@qq.com

作者简介: 张炯阳，1994年生，兰州空间技术物理研究所高级工程师 e-mail: zhangjy529@126.com

引用本文:

张炯阳，翟浩，肖玉华，王骥，代虎，陈江. 铷原子双光子光频标谱线信噪比影响因素研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2025, 45(07): 1894-1899.
ZHANG Jiong-yang, ZHAI Hao, XIAO Yu-hua, WANG Ji, DAI Hu, CHEN Jiang. Study on the Factors Affecting the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Two-Photon Optical Frequency Standard Spectral Lines Based on Rubidium Atom. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2025, 45(07): 1894-1899.

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