基于3DEEMs-PARAFAC的长荡湖溶解性有机物（DOM）来源及分布特征研究

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2025)02-0591-10

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摘要：湖泊水质直接影响周边生态、人类健康和经济，而现代工业、城市化带来的压力使得湖泊面临着严峻挑战，需要深入了解变化、寻找污染源，并采取有效措施维护生态健康和人民生活水质安全。因此，基于三维荧光（3DEEMs）和平行因子（PARAFAC）方法，对2022年长荡湖及其周边面源的水质溶解性有机物（DOM）的荧光光谱进行分析，探讨了长荡湖DOM的荧光组分来源及时空分布，同时对比周边面源荧光与湖体荧光的相似性。结果表明，长荡湖水体的溶解有机质（DOM）荧光主要由两类荧光组分构成：类蛋白荧光组分（C1）和类腐殖质组分（C2、C3、C4）。这些组分与周边印染、生活排放以及水产养殖等源头的荧光组分相似度较高。长荡湖在不同水期各类荧光分布存在差异，特别是丰水期，荧光强度主要集中于下游出湖口。长荡湖荧光特征参数FI的值为（1.68~1.75），BIX的值在（0.92~0.93），HIX的值在（0.56~0.7），表明长荡湖DOM的增量以内源为主。综合分析显示，长荡湖的有机质主要来自水生动植物和藻类的腐解等内源增量。冗余分析结果表明，与湖体DOM相关性较大的环境因子主要包括Chl-a和COD。本研究不仅对解决当地生态环境问题具有积极作用，同时也为其他湖泊生态系统的研究提供了有价值的实践经验。

关键词：长荡湖；三维荧光；平行因子分析；DOM时空分布；有机污染

Abstract：Lake water quality directly affects the surrounding ecology, human health, and economy. Pressures from modern industrialization and urbanization pose significant challenges to lake water quality, necessitating a thorough understanding of its changes, identification of pollution sources, and implementation of effective measures to maintain ecological health and ensure safe drinking water. Therefore, this study utilized Three-Dimensional Excitation Emission Matrix Spectroscopy (3DEEMs) and Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) to analyze the fluorescence spectra of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water from Changdang Lake and its surrounding surface sources in 2022. It explored the sources and spatiotemporal distribution of DOM fluorescence components in Changdang Lake and compared the similarity between the fluorescence of surface sources and lake water. Results revealed that the DOM in Changdang Lake primarily consists of two fluorescence components: protein-like (C1) and humic-like (C2, C3, C4). These components exhibit high similarity with fluorescence from nearby printing, domestic sewage, and aquaculture sources. Different fluorescence distributions were observed in Changdang Lake during different hydrological periods, particularly during high-flow periods when fluorescence intensity mainly concentrates at the downstream lake outlet. The fluorescence characteristics of Changdang Lake, with FI values ranging from 1.68 to 1.75, BIX values ranging from 0.92 to 0.93, and HIX values ranging from 0.56 to 0.7, suggest that endogenous sources predominantly drive DOM increment. Comprehensive analysis indicates that organic matter in Changdang Lake mainly originates from endogenous increments, such as the decomposition of aquatic plants and algae. Redundancy analysis reveals that environmental factors significantly correlated with lake DOM, including Chl-a and COD. This study contributes positively to addressing local ecological and environmental issues and provides valuable practical experience for studying other lake ecosystems.

Key words：Changdang Lake;Three-dimensional fluorescence;Parallel factor analysis;DOM spatial and temporal distribution;Organic pollution

收稿日期: 2023-12-01 修订日期: 2024-06-04

中图分类号:

X524

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目（52070023），常州市科技支撑计划项目（CE20235071），江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目（KYCX24_3232，KYCX24_3224）资助

通讯作者: 周立万 E-mail: Zlw5193@163.com

作者简介: 宦娟，女，1980年生，常州大学计算机与人工智能学院教授 e-mail: huanjuan@cczu.edu.cn

引用本文:

宦娟，郑永春，徐宪根，张浩，袁佳龙，李鑫城，周立万. 基于3DEEMs-PARAFAC的长荡湖溶解性有机物（DOM）来源及分布特征研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2025, 45(02): 591-600.
HUAN Juan, ZHENG Yong-chun, XU Xian-gen, ZHANG Hao, YUAN Jia-long, LI Xin-cheng, ZHOU Li-wan. Characterization of DOM Sources and Distribution in Changdang Lake Based on 3D Fluorescence Combined With PARAFAC Approach. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2025, 45(02): 591-600.

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