光稀释效应对O<sub>2</sub>近红外气辉星载测风的影响

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2025)01-0160-10

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摘要：利用星载光谱成像干涉仪测量O₂(a¹Δ_g)日辉的多普勒频移信息是目前实现全球临近空间大气风场探测的先进技术手段，观测谱线O₁₉P₁₈（7 772.030 cm^-1）的多普勒频移，可以在40～80 km的空间区域进行高精度和高灵敏度的风速测量，然而其探测精度受大气散射的具体影响尚不明晰。文章旨在分析光稀释效应对临近空间大气风场探测的影响，并对其引起的测风误差进行定量评估。首先介绍了O₂(a¹Δ_g)光谱和大气散射的光谱特性。采用最新的HITRAN光谱参数、光化学反应速率常数以及大气模型计算得到O₂(a¹Δ_g)不同反应机制的贡献。结合光化学反应速率计算得到O₂(a¹Δ_g)的体辐射率，并分析了太阳天顶角对体辐射率分布的影响，基于爱因斯坦系数和谱线强度分别计算得到O₂(a¹Δ_g)在不同温度和自吸收效应条件下的光谱辐射模型，并分析了不同地理气象因素对大气散射光谱造成的影响。其次，介绍了临边观测多普勒非对称空间外差光谱仪（DASH）的测量技术原理，描述了如何去除大气散射分量以生成纯净的气辉干涉图，基于DASH仪器概念对获取干涉图像的正演过程进行了阐释。再次，针对反演问题引入了“剥洋葱算法”，在考虑自吸收效应和光稀释效应影响的情况下，消除了目标层上方大气层贡献，解决了干涉图像中目标层信息的提取问题。最后，通过误差分析得到了大气风场探测精度廓线及其随地理气象因素影响的变化规律，证明光稀释效应的存在降低了干涉图对比度并增加了测量噪声，这对临边观测权重和有效信噪比产生了不利影响。研究表明，在45～80 km的切线高度范围内，测风精度受大气散射的影响较小，其误差约为2～3 m·s^-1；而在45 km以下，测风精度受光稀释效应的影响随海拔高度的降低而急剧增大，且受地表反照率、气溶胶和云量等因素的影响而显著升高，在同时考虑三种因素影响的情况下，其探测下限最低约为40 km。

关键词：临近空间；光稀释效应；测量精度；大气风场；光学仪器

Abstract：Measurement of the Doppler shift information of the O₂(a¹Δ_g) day glow using the satellite-borne spectral imaging interferometer is currently the state-of-the-art technological means to realize the detection of the atmospheric wind field in the global adjacent space. Observing the Doppler shift of the spectral line O₁₉P₁₈ (7 772.030 cm^-1) allows high-precision and high-sensitivity wind speed measurements in the 40～80 km spatial region. However, the specific effect of atmospheric scattering on its detection precision is unknown. This paper aims to quantitatively assess wind measurement errors due to the optical dilution effect. First, the spectral properties of the O₂(a¹Δ_g) spectrum and the atmospheric scattering spectrum are introduced. The contributions of different reaction mechanisms of O₂(a¹Δ_g) were calculated using the latest HITRAN spectral parameters, photochemical reaction rate constants, and NRLMSIS 2020. The volume emission rate (VER) of O₂(a¹Δ_g) was calculated based on the photochemical reaction rate, and the effect of the solar zenith angle on the VER distribution was analyzed. Spectral radiation models of O₂(a¹Δ_g) at different temperatures and self-absorption effects were obtained based on the Einstein coefficient and spectral line intensity, respectively. The effects of different geographical and meteorological factors on the atmospheric scattering spectrum were also analyzed. Secondly, the principles of the measurement technique of the Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne spectroscopy (DASH) for limb-viewing are introduced. Describes removing the atmospheric scattering component to produce a pure airglow interferogram. The forward process for acquiring interferometric images is explained based on the DASH instrument concept. Thirdly, the “onion peeling” algorithm was introduced for the retrieval problem. The contribution of the atmosphere above the target layer is eliminated while considering the influence of the self-absorption and optical dilution effects. The problem of extracting target layer information in interferometric images is solved. Finally, the atmospheric wind field detection precision profiles and their changing laws with the influence of geographical and meteorological factors are obtained by error analysis. It is demonstrated that the optical dilution effect reduces the interferogram visibility and increases the measurement noise, adversely affecting the limb-viewing weights and the effective signal-to-noise ratio. In the tangent altitude range of 45~80 km, the wind measurement precision is less affected by atmospheric scattering, with an error of about 2～3 m·s^-1. Below 45 km, the wind measurement precision is affected by the optical dilution effect that increases sharply with decreasing altitude and is significantly increased by the surface albedo, aerosol, and cloud. When the effects of all three factors are considered simultaneously, the minimum lower detection limit is about 40 km.

Key words：Near space; Optical dilution effect; Measurement precision; Atmospheric wind; Optical instrument

收稿日期: 2023-12-18 修订日期: 2024-03-18

中图分类号:

P356

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目（62305283，41975039），山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2021QD088），山东省高等学校“青创科技支持计划”项目(2021KJ008)，烟台大学研究生科研创新基金(GGIFYTU2418)资助

通讯作者: 何微微 E-mail: heweiwei@ytu.edu.cn

作者简介: 李昊天，1999年生，烟台大学物理与电子信息学院硕士研究生 e-mail: lihaotian@s.ytu.edu.cn

引用本文:

李昊天，李发泉，李娟，王后茂，武魁军，何微微. 光稀释效应对O₂近红外气辉星载测风的影响[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2025, 45(01): 160-169.
LI Hao-tian, LI Fa-quan, LI Juan, WANG Hou-mao, WU Kui-jun, HE Wei-wei. The Influence of Optical Dilution Effect for Spaceborne Wind Measurement on O₂ Near Infrared Airglow. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2025, 45(01): 160-169.

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