YANG Tian-wei1, 2, ZHANG Ji2, 3, LI Jie-qing1, WANG Yuan-zhong2, 3*, LIU Hong-gao1*
1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
2. Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
3. Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming 650200, China
Abstract：Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to establish a rapid method for the identification of species of bolete mushrooms and content prediction of cadmium (Cd). The information of infrared spectra based on 98 fruiting bodies of 11 species of bolete mushrooms were collected and analyzed. The original infrared spectra were optimized by first derivative, standard normal variate (SNV) and multiplicative signal correction (MSC), and then identification of different species of bolete mushrooms was performed by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The Cd contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) and the accumulation regularity for Cd was analyzed in order to evaluate the food safety of boletes according to Chinese national food safety standards and limit contaminants in food (GB 2762—2012). Based on the accumulation mechanism of Cd in edible mushrooms, the infrared spectral and Cd content data of tested samples were integrated and PLS model was used to rapidly predict the Cd content in boletes. The results showed that: (1) The spectral data were analyzed by PLS-DA after appropriate pretreatments, and the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 79.3% as well as all the samples could be correctly classified according to the species in the three-dimensional score plot. (2) There were obvious differences in the accumulation of Cd contents in different samples and the Cd contents in the bolete mushrooms were ranged from 0.05 to 23.41 mg·kg-1 dw. In addition, there were some health risks for eating the mushrooms because Cd contents in most samples were higher than the standard GB 2762—2012 except the mushrooms collected from Wuhua district in Kunming. (3) The integrated data of the infrared spectra and Cd content were optimized by orthogonal signal correction-wavelet compression (OSCW) and the prediction of Cd content in boletes was performed by PLS model. The R2 of the training set and validation set were 0.851 9 and 0.882 4, respectively, while RMSEE and RMSEP were 2.59 and 2.67, respectively. The predictive values of Cd content in most boletes were approximate to the measured values which indicated that the model could be used for rapid prediction of Cd content in boletes. FTIR combined with chemometrics could be proposed to rapidly discriminate the species of bolete mushrooms and predict Cd content accurately. This study can provide a rapid and effective method for quality control and identification of wild-grown bolete mushrooms.
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