X射线衍射法在土壤粘粒矿物测定方面的研究进展

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2020)04-1227-05

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摘要：土壤是由大小不同、形状各异的颗粒组成，其中土壤粘粒矿物是土壤的重要组成部分之一，它不仅蕴含着土壤的形成轨迹、发生学特征以及成土环境的变化，而且还能够对土壤中的营养物质以及水分起到保蓄的作用。同时，由于不同类型土壤的粘粒矿物组成不尽相同，不同利用方式以及长期定位施肥都会对土壤粘粒矿物的演变产生影响，因此研究土壤粘粒矿物的组成及演变规律，可以更加全面的了解不同类型土壤之间的发生学规律，对探究土壤肥力的可持续性具有重要意义。目前对土壤粘粒矿物展开研究已经成为农业绿色发展研究的重点之一，X射线衍射分析法（XRD）作为研究土壤粘粒矿物最有效的手段，具有方便、快捷、测量精度高以及对样品无污染等优点，近年来受到国内外学者的广泛关注。文章介绍了X射线衍射分析法测定土壤粘粒矿物的基本原理和分析方法，综述了该技术在测定土壤粘粒矿物方面的国内外研究进展，并对X射线衍射分析法测定粘粒矿物的应用前景进行了展望。应用XRD对土壤粘粒矿物进行研究，结合传统分析方法对土壤基本性质进行测定，可以揭示不同类型土壤的粘粒矿物组成及差异，以及不同利用方式下的土壤粘粒矿物的组成和演变规律，从而为土壤肥力的可持续利用及农业绿色发展提供理论基础和技术支撑。目前有关土壤粘粒矿物演变展开的研究多集中于长期定位施肥处理上，而对于长期秸秆还田以及不同耕作方式引起的土壤粘粒矿物演变的研究却非常少，相信未来，XRD可以被应用到土壤研究的更多方面，为农业绿色发展做出贡献。

关键词：X射线衍射仪；粘粒矿物；土壤类型；利用方式

Abstract：Soil is composed of particles of different sizes and shapes, among which clay mineral is one of the important parts of soil. It not only contains the formation track, genetic characteristics and changes of soil environment, but also plays a role in retaining and storing nutrients and water in soil. At the same time, due to the fact that different types of clay mineral compositions of the soil are not the same, different ways of using and long-term locating fertilization will have an effect on the evolution of soil clay minerals, so the research on soil clay mineral composition and evolution law can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic regularity between different types of soil, which is of great significance to explore the sustainability of soil fertility. At present the study of soil clay minerals has become one of the focus in the study of green agriculture, X-ray Diffraction analysis (X-Ray Diffraction, XRD) as the research of soil clay minerals, the most effective means with the advantages of being convenient, being fast, high accuracy, and being pollution-free, such as on the sample, has received extensive attention from scholars both at home and abroad in recent years. This paper introduces the basic principle and analytical method of soil clay minerals by X-ray diffraction analysis, summarizes the research progress of this technology in soil clay minerals determination at home and abroad, and prospects the application prospect of X-ray diffraction analysis in soil clay minerals determination. Apply XRD to study soil clay minerals and combine with traditional analysis methods to determine the basic properties of soil, which can reveal the composition and differences of clay minerals in different types of soils, as well as the composition and evolution of soil clay minerals under different utilization methods. So as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the sustainable use of soil fertility and agricultural green development. At present, researches on the evolution of soil clay minerals are mostly focused on long-term fertilization, but there are very few studies on the evolution of soil clay minerals caused by long-term straw return to the field and different farming methods. I believe that in the future XRD can be applied to more aspects of soil research and contribute to the green development of agriculture.

Key words：X-ray diffraction; Clay mineral; Soil type; Land use

收稿日期: 2019-04-03 修订日期: 2019-08-12

中图分类号:

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0200403）资助

通讯作者: 袁会敏 E-mail: hmyuan@cau.edu.cn

作者简介: 徐蕾，女，1996年生，中国农业大学资源与环境学院硕士研究生 e-mail：1277350149@qq.com

引用本文:

徐蕾，袁会敏，江荣风，王雁峰，武良，王盛锋. X射线衍射法在土壤粘粒矿物测定方面的研究进展[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2020, 40(04): 1227-1231.
XU Lei, YUAN Hui-min, JIANG Rong-feng, WANG Yan-feng, WU Liang, WANG Sheng-feng. Advances in X-Ray Diffraction for the Determination of Clay Minerals in Soil. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2020, 40(04): 1227-1231.

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