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| The Influence of Optical Dilution Effect for Spaceborne Wind Measurement on O2 Near Infrared Airglow |
| LI Hao-tian1, LI Fa-quan2, LI Juan3, WANG Hou-mao4, WU Kui-jun1, HE Wei-wei1* |
1. College of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
2. Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
3. Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
4. National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Abstract Measurement of the Doppler shift information of the O2(a1Δg) day glow using the satellite-borne spectral imaging interferometer is currently the state-of-the-art technological means to realize the detection of the atmospheric wind field in the global adjacent space. Observing the Doppler shift of the spectral line O19P18 (7 772.030 cm-1) allows high-precision and high-sensitivity wind speed measurements in the 40～80 km spatial region. However, the specific effect of atmospheric scattering on its detection precision is unknown. This paper aims to quantitatively assess wind measurement errors due to the optical dilution effect. First, the spectral properties of the O2(a1Δg) spectrum and the atmospheric scattering spectrum are introduced. The contributions of different reaction mechanisms of O2(a1Δg) were calculated using the latest HITRAN spectral parameters, photochemical reaction rate constants, and NRLMSIS 2020. The volume emission rate (VER) of O2(a1Δg) was calculated based on the photochemical reaction rate, and the effect of the solar zenith angle on the VER distribution was analyzed. Spectral radiation models of O2(a1Δg) at different temperatures and self-absorption effects were obtained based on the Einstein coefficient and spectral line intensity, respectively. The effects of different geographical and meteorological factors on the atmospheric scattering spectrum were also analyzed. Secondly, the principles of the measurement technique of the Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne spectroscopy (DASH) for limb-viewing are introduced. Describes removing the atmospheric scattering component to produce a pure airglow interferogram. The forward process for acquiring interferometric images is explained based on the DASH instrument concept. Thirdly, the “onion peeling” algorithm was introduced for the retrieval problem. The contribution of the atmosphere above the target layer is eliminated while considering the influence of the self-absorption and optical dilution effects. The problem of extracting target layer information in interferometric images is solved. Finally, the atmospheric wind field detection precision profiles and their changing laws with the influence of geographical and meteorological factors are obtained by error analysis. It is demonstrated that the optical dilution effect reduces the interferogram visibility and increases the measurement noise, adversely affecting the limb-viewing weights and the effective signal-to-noise ratio. In the tangent altitude range of 45~80 km, the wind measurement precision is less affected by atmospheric scattering, with an error of about 2～3 m·s-1. Below 45 km, the wind measurement precision is affected by the optical dilution effect that increases sharply with decreasing altitude and is significantly increased by the surface albedo, aerosol, and cloud. When the effects of all three factors are considered simultaneously, the minimum lower detection limit is about 40 km.
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Received: 2023-12-18
Accepted: 2024-03-18
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Corresponding Authors:
HE Wei-wei
E-mail: heweiwei@ytu.edu.cn
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