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| Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Egg Yolks Adulterated With
Sudan Red Ⅰ Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy |
| YIN Wei-jian1, WEN Yu-kuan1, DONG Gui-mei1, YANG Ren-jie1, LI Liu-an2, YU Xiao-xue2, YU Ya-ping1* |
1. College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
2. College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
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Abstract Sudan Red Ⅰ is an illegal food colorant that can enhance the color intensity of egg yolks. Rapid detection of Sudan Red Ⅰ in egg yolks is of great significance. In this study, a near-infrared spectrometer was used to collect spectral data from 60 unadulterated egg yolk samples and 102 adulterated samples containing Sudan Red Ⅰ at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 20 mg·(100 g)-1. After spectral analysis and data preprocessing, the sample dataset was divided into training and test subsets at a 3∶1 ratio. Qualitative and quantitative models were then built to detect Sudan Red Ⅰ in egg yolks. The models were evaluated using prediction accuracy, calibration, and prediction R? coefficients (R2c/R2p), and root mean square errors (RMSEC/RMSEP). For qualitative analysis, the Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) algorithm was used to classify egg samples as adulterated with Sudan Red Ⅰ. After data preprocessing using the Standard Normal Variate (SNV) transformation, the model achieved optimal performance, with accuracy rates of 98.3% for the training set and 97.6% for the test set. For quantitative analysis, the Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) method was first used to select characteristic wavelengths from the spectral data. Then, regression models were established using the linear Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and the nonlinear Back-Propagation Artificial Neural Network (BP-ANN) algorithms to predict Sudan Red Ⅰ content. The PLSR model showed better performance, with R2c of 0.98, R2p of 0.98, RMSEC of 0.79, and RMSEP of 0.80. The results demonstrate that near-infrared spectroscopy enables rapid and convenient detection of Sudan Red Ⅰ in egg yolks.
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Received: 2025-05-10
Accepted: 2025-09-25
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Corresponding Authors:
YU Ya-ping
E-mail: yaping261@163.com
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