A Modified Standard Addition Method and Its Application in ICP Emission Spectrometry
FENG Xiao-gui1, KONG Xue-yan2, HE Qian-ge1, WANG Jian-chen1, CHEN Jing1
1. Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2. The Second Filial Company of 404 Company Limited, CNNC, Lanzhou 732850, China
Abstract:When a small volume (<50 μL) of liquid is sampling, it is easy to produce large sampling error. In order to reduce the uncertainty of analytical results, the quantification based on the sample volume is usually replaced by the quantification based on the sample mass. The conventional standard addition method (SAM), in which the quantification is based on the sample volume, cannot be applied when the quantification is based on the sample mass. Therefore, a modified SAM with mass-based quantification is proposed. As a demonstration, the modified SAM has been applied to determine low or trace elements Hg, Mo and Rh in complex solution with ICP-OES. The aim of the SAM is to correct the matrix effect, while the matrix effect includes two kinds of interferences: constant interference and proportional interference. Only the proportional interference can be corrected with the modified SAM, which can characterize the extent of the proportional interference with a quantitative index k: k=1 means there is no proportional interference; while the larger difference between k and 1 means greater proportional interference existing in the sample. As for constant interference, it can be reduced or eliminated by applying the background correction function of the ICP-OES instrument. The uncertainty of analytical results mainly comes from background correction, and depends on the signal-to-background ratio of the analytical line selected. The lower the signal-to-background ratio is, the greater the uncertainty of background correction is. Therefore, in the actual analysis, we should try to choose the analytical line which has as high signal-to-background ratio as possible. Otherwise, the final analytical result maybe contains very large uncertainty, even though the background correction has been made in advance.
冯孝贵,孔雪艳,何千舸,王建晨,陈 靖. 一种变形标准加入法及其在等离子体发射光谱分析中的应用[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2017, 37(11): 3579-3584.
FENG Xiao-gui, KONG Xue-yan, HE Qian-ge, WANG Jian-chen, CHEN Jing. A Modified Standard Addition Method and Its Application in ICP Emission Spectrometry. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2017, 37(11): 3579-3584.
[1] XIN Ren-xuan(辛仁轩). ICP Emission Spectrometry, 2nd edition(等离子体发射光谱分析, 第2版). Beijing: Chemical Industry Press(北京: 化学工业出版社), 2011. 157.
[2] ZHU Xing-jiang, YAO Cheng-hu, GAN Zheng-bin, et al(朱兴江, 姚成虎, 甘正斌, 等). Modern Metallurgy(现代冶金), 2015, 43(1): 12.
[3] LIU Ting, LI Jian, LEI Xiao-yan, et al(刘 婷, 李 剑, 雷小燕, 等). Chemical Analysis and Meterage(化学分析计量), 2015, 24(4): 72.
[4] Harris D C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 8th Edition. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 2010. 106.
[5] Saxberg B E H, Kowalski B R. Anal. Chem., 1979, 51: 1031.
[6] Booksh K, Henshaw J M, Burgess L W, et al. J Chemometrics, 1995, 9: 263.
[7] ZHANG Lei, LI Bo, SUN Bao-lian, et al(张 磊, 李 波, 孙宝莲, 等). Chinese J. Anal. Chem.(分析化学), 2011, 39(8): 1291.
[8] WU Yu-hong, HU Yu-peng, YU Hong-jiang(吴玉红, 胡羽鹏, 喻洪江). Chemistry(化学通报), 2014, 77(11): 1135.
[9] ZHANG Hao, JIA Yi-lü, DAI Pin-zhong, et al(张 豪, 贾以律, 戴品中, 等). Shandong Chemical Industry(山东化工), 2014, 43(6): 96.
[10] YE Chen(叶 晨). Phys. Test. Chem. Anal. B(理化检验-化学分册), 2014, 50(10): 1291.
[11] SONG Dan-dan, YAO Sheng-lai, SONG Feng, et al(宋丹丹, 姚胜来, 宋 丰, 等). Journal of Higher Correspondence Education·Natural Science(高等函授学报·自然科学版), 1998, 1: 30.
[12] Bruce G R, Gill P S. Journal of Chemical Education, 1999, 76(6): 805.
[13] MO Sheng-jun, LIU Yong-mao(莫胜钧, 刘永懋). Chinese J. Anal. Chem.(分析化学), 1979, 7(3): 173.
[14] LIU Yong-mao, MO Sheng-jun(刘永懋, 莫胜钧). Chinese J. Anal. Chem.(分析化学), 1981, 9(4): 449.
[15] XIE Yu-xiang(谢玉祥). Bulletin of Analysis and Testing(分析测试通报), 1986, 5(2): 35.
[16] LI Ming-wei, CHEN Bao-xiu(李明伟, 陈保秀). Geological Laboratory(地质实验室), 1989, 5(2): 124.
[17] RONG Guan-yong(戎关镛). Metallurgical Analysis (冶金分析), 1991, 11(5): 30.
[18] WANG Jian-chen, SONG Chong-li, LIU Bing-ren(王建晨, 宋崇立, 刘秉仁). Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry(核化学与放射化学), 1995, 17(3): 129.