内蒙古集宁路古城遗址出土油滴瓷的产地溯源研究

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2025)12-3533-12

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摘要：为探究内蒙古集宁路古城遗址出土金元时期油滴瓷的窑口来源与技术特征，综合运用X射线荧光光谱（WDXRF）、电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）、扫描电镜（SEM）、拉曼光谱及超景深显微分析，对20件集宁路古城遗址出土油滴瓷样品和10件山西临汾窑对比样品的胎釉化学成分、显微结构进行系统检测。结果表明：集宁路古城遗址出土油滴瓷存在显著技术分化，第一类样品胎体以低Al₂O₃、高SiO₂为特征，其主、微量元素及显微结构均与临汾窑高度吻合，器型特征与装饰工艺具有同源性，证实其为临汾窑输入产品；第二类样品胎体高Al₂O₃、低SiO₂，与介休窑胎料配方相近。研究揭示集宁路古城遗址出土油滴瓷存在“双源供应”模式，证实临汾窑为草原丝绸之路陶瓷贸易的重要供给地，为金元时期窑业技术传播与陶瓷贸易网络提供科学依据。

关键词：集宁路古城遗址；临汾窑；油滴瓷；窑口溯源；草原丝绸之路

Abstract：To explore the kiln origins and technical characteristics of Jin-Yuan period oil-spot porcelain excavated from the Jining Road ancient city site in Inner Mongolia, this study systematically analyzed 20 oil-spot porcelain samples from the site and 10 comparative samples from Linfen Kiln in Shanxi Province using wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and ultra-depth microscopic analysis. The results reveal significant technical differentiation: Type I samples exhibit low Al₂O₃ and high SiO₂ content in bodies, with chemical composition and microstructure characteristics highly consistent with Linfen Kiln products. The morphological features of iron-rich crystals and elliptical ZrSiO₄ crystals in the glaze layer further confirm their Linfen Kiln origin. Type II samples display high Al₂O₃ and low SiO₂ content in bodies, resembling Jiexiu Kiln's clay formula, though their precise source requires further investigation. This research demonstrates a “dual-source supply” pattern for oil-spot porcelain at the Jining Road site, confirming Linfen Kiln's crucial role as a ceramic supplier along the Steppe Silk Road, while providing scientific evidence for understanding kiln technology transmission and ceramic trade networks during the Jin-Yuan period.

Key words：Jining road ancient city site; Linfen kiln; Oil-spot porcelain; Kiln attribution; Grassland silk road

收稿日期: 2025-06-03 修订日期: 2025-09-09

中图分类号:

TQ174.73

基金资助: 内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2023YFSW0019)资助

通讯作者: 陈永志 E-mail: mengguchenasohu.com

作者简介: 贾晓磊，1996年生，内蒙古师范大学科学技术史研究院博士研究生 e-mail: 20226024007@mails.imnu.edu.cn

引用本文:

贾晓磊，陈永志. 内蒙古集宁路古城遗址出土油滴瓷的产地溯源研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2025, 45(12): 3533-3544.
JIA Xiao-lei, CHEN Yong-zhi. Provenance Study of Oil-Spot Porcelain Excavated From the Jining Road Ancient City Site in Inner Mongolia. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2025, 45(12): 3533-3544.

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