结合FBG-FP的变压器局部放电光纤全方向传感研究

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2024)02-0510-09

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摘要：为实现变压器局部放电的灵敏检测，避免漏检局部放电信号，基于光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）与法布里珀罗腔（Fabry-Perot cavity）传感原理提出了一种结合FBG-FP的变压器油中局部放电光纤全方向传感方法。介绍了FBG与FP腔的局部放电传感原理，局部放电产生的超声波会引起FBG反射光谱与FP腔干涉光谱的偏移，通过光谱边缘解调法进行光强解调可实现局放信号的检测。研制了局部放电光纤全方向传感器，通过3D打印技术制作了尺寸为25 mm×25 mm×25mm的长方体探头，探头中空结构用于插入单模光纤形成FP腔，四个侧面用于形成膜片式FBG传感结构，可接收不同方向的超声信号。基于变压器油中局部放电的频谱特性与液相环境中膜片的振动模型设计了超声传感膜片，选用镀有高反介质膜的康宁玻璃作为FP腔传感膜片，膜片半径为1.7 mm，厚度为0.165 mm，理论谐振频率为82 kHz；选用单晶硅作为FBG传感膜片，膜片半径为2.5 mm，厚度为0.1 mm，理论谐振频率为25.6 kHz。搭建了光纤局部放电传感系统并进行了局部放电光纤全方向传感器性能测试。通过断铅实验测得变压器油中传感器FBG传感膜片实际谐振频率约为23 kHz，FP腔传感膜片实际谐振频率为71.4 kHz。将光纤全方向传感器与压电传感器（PZT）对同一局部放电信号进行对比检测，光纤全方向传感器FBG传感部分可检测到83.8 pC的金属尖端放电，FP腔传感部分可检测到27.1 pC的金属尖端放电，其局部放电检测灵敏度高于PZT。测试了传感器的方向响应，普通的FP传感器高灵敏检测范围有限，存在检测盲区，所研制的光纤全方向传感器FP腔传感部分与FBG传感部分高灵敏检测范围互补，可实现局部放电全方向灵敏检测，具有良好的方向响应性能。

关键词：变压器；局部放电；光纤布拉格光栅；法布里珀罗腔；全方向

Abstract：To achieve sensitive detection of partial discharge in transformers and avoid missing partial discharge signals, a fiber optic omnidirectional sensing method for partial discharge in transformer oil combined with FBG and FP cavity is proposed based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and Fabry-Perot cavity sensing principle. The partial discharge sensing principle of FBG and FP cavity is introduced. The ultrasonic waves generated by partial discharge will cause a shift in the FBG reflection spectrum and the FP cavity interference spectrum, and the detection of partial discharge can be achieved by demodulating the optical intensity through the spectral edge demodulation method. A partial discharge fiber optic omnidirectional sensor was developed. A rectangular probe with the size of 25 mm×25 mm×25 mm was fabricated by 3D printing technology. The hollow structure of the probe was used to insert a single-mode fiber to form an FP cavity. In addition, the four sides of the probe were used to form a diaphragm-type FBG sensing structure, which can receive ultrasonic signals in different directions. The acoustic sensing diaphragm was designed based on the frequency spectrum characteristics of partial discharge in transformer oil and the vibration model of the diaphragm in the liquid phase environment. Corning glass coated with high reflectivity dielectric film was selected as the FP cavity sensing diaphragm with a radius of 1.7 mm and a thickness of 0.165 mm, and its theoretical resonant frequency is 82 kHz. Monocrystalline silicon was selected as the FBG sensing diaphragm with the radius of 2.5 mm and the thickness of 0.1 mm, and its theoretical resonant frequency is 25.6 kHz. The fiber optic sensing system for partial discharge was built, and the performance test was conducted on the partial discharge fiber optic omnidirectional sensor. The resonant frequency of FBG sensing diaphragm in transformer oil is about 23 kHz, and that of FP cavity sensing diaphragm is 71.4 kHz as measured by the pencil-break experiment. The fiber optic omnidirectional sensor was compared with the piezoelectric transducer (PZT) to detect the same partial discharge signal. 83.8 pC of metal tip discharge can be detected by the FBG sensing part and 27.1 pC of metal tip discharge can be detected by the FP cavity sensing part. The partial discharge detection sensitivity of fiber optic omnidirectional sensors is higher than that of PZT. The directional response of the sensor was tested. Ordinary FP sensors have a limited range of highly sensitive detection and a detection blind area. The developed partial discharge fiber optic omnidirectional sensor has the FP cavity sensing and FBG sensing parts. The highly sensitive detection range of the FP cavity sensing part is complementary to that of the FBG sensing part. The sensor can achieve omnidirectional sensitive partial discharge detection and has good directional response performance.

Key words：Transformer; Partial discharge; Fiber Bragg Grating; Fabry-Perot cavity; Omnidirectional

收稿日期: 2022-07-27 修订日期: 2023-02-13

中图分类号:

TM407

基金资助: 国家电网公司总部科技项目(5500-202099279A-0-0-00)资助

通讯作者: 陈伟根 E-mail: weigench@cqu.edu.cn

作者简介: 吴柯洁，1998年生，重庆大学电气工程学院硕士研究生 e-mail: wukejie@cqu.edu.cn

引用本文:

吴柯洁，陈伟根，张知先，宋雨轩，田皓元，李萌，刘帆. 结合FBG-FP的变压器局部放电光纤全方向传感研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2024, 44(02): 510-518.
WU Ke-jie, CHEN Wei-gen, ZHANG Zhi-xian, SONG Yu-xuan, TIAN Hao-yuan, LI Meng, LIU Fan. Study of Fiber Optic Omnidirectional Sensing for Partial Discharge in Transformers by Combining FBG and FP Cavity. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(02): 510-518.

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https://www.gpxygpfx.com/CN/10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2024)02-0510-09 或 https://www.gpxygpfx.com/CN/Y2024/V44/I02/510

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