鸡血石相似品种的矿物学及谱学研究

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2020)10-3179-06

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摘要：近年来，市场上出现了产自西安、云南等地与鸡血石外观相似的玉石品种，鸡血石相似品种的出现给鸡血石市场带来一定冲击，也为鸡血石的命名及检测带来挑战。利用X射线粉晶衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪对鸡血石相似品种的矿物学及谱学特征进行研究。结果如下：（1）X射线粉晶衍射结果表明鸡血石相似品种的“血”为辰砂；西安样品的“地”主要由石英及白云石组成；而云南样品的“地”则由石英及方解石组成，同时可含一定量文石；两地产出的鸡血石相似品种中均出现少量伊利石，云南样品中还含有少量高岭石。（2）扫描电镜观察表明，鸡血石相似品种中的碳酸盐矿物多呈自形到半自形，粒径较其他矿物最为粗大，石英呈半自形-他形粒状分布于碳酸盐矿物颗粒间，辰砂分布于碳酸盐矿物及石英粒间；在西安样品中观察到了细小鳞片状的伊利石晶体。（3）红外光谱测试表明，鸡血石相似品种的主要组成矿物均为石英及碳酸盐矿物，具有由Si—O—Si的反对称伸缩振动引起的1 086和1 167 cm^-1强而宽的吸收带及归属于Si—O键的对称伸缩振动的798，779，694，512和462 cm^-1处的石英的红外吸收峰；西安样品中具有727，881和1 444 cm^-1白云石的红外光谱，云南样品中具有712，876，1 427和1 789 cm^-1方解石的红外光谱，方解石与白云石均为方解石族矿物，红外光谱由[CO₃]^2-及晶格振动模式构成，峰位略有不同但基本轮廓及归属相同，712~727 cm^-1为[CO₃]^2-的面内弯曲振动吸收峰，876~881 cm^-1为[CO₃]^2-的面外弯曲振动吸收峰，1 427~1 444 cm^-1的峰则归属于[CO₃]^2-的反对称伸缩振动，1 789 cm^-1为[CO₃]^2-的对称伸缩振动和面内弯曲振动的和频峰；部分样品的红外光谱官能团区出现粘土矿物羟基的振动峰；（4）拉曼光谱测试表明两个产地样品的“血”均为辰砂，具有254，290和350 cm^-1的拉曼位移；西安样品中黑色矿物为辉锑矿，具有147，191，252和452 cm^-1的拉曼位移；对“地”的拉曼光谱测试结果与红外光谱结果吻合，两个产地样品均具有464 cm^-1的石英的特征拉曼位移，西安样品中具有1 097，725，338和299 cm^-1白云石的拉曼位移，云南样品中出现1 087，713和282 cm^-1方解石拉曼位移。由于鸡血石相似品种中存在粘土矿物，因此鸡血石的鉴别不能简单依靠是否含有粘土矿物来进行。

关键词：鸡血石相似品种；矿物学特征；红外光谱；拉曼光谱

Abstract：In recent years, jade species produced in Xi’an, Yunnan with a similar appearance to Chicken-blood stone appear in the gem market. The similar species of Chicken-blood stone has brought an impact on the trade market of Chicken-blood stone, and also brought challenges to the naming and testing of Chicken-blood stone. In this study, the similar species of Chicken-blood stone are studied by using X-ray powder diffraction spectrometer(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), infrared spectrometer(IR), and laser Raman spectroscopy(LRM) in order to analyze the mineralogical and spectroscopic characteristics of the similar species of Chicken-blood stone. The results are as follow: (1) According to the testing results of XRD, the “Blood” of the similar species of Chicken-blood stone is cinnabar. Quartz and dolomite are the main constituent minerals of Xi’an sample. The “Di” of Yunnan sample is composed of quartz and calcite, and contains a certain amount of aragonite. A small amount of illite was found in the similar species of Chicken-blood stone produced in two places, and a small amount of kaolinite was found in Yunnan samples. (2) SEM showed that the carbonate minerals in the similar species of Chicken-blood stone were euhedral to subhedral. Carbonate minerals are the largest of all minerals. Subhedral-anhedral quartz is distributed between carbonate minerals. Cinnabar is distributed between carbonate minerals and quartz. Fine scale-like illite crystals were observed in Xi’an samples. (3) The IR spectrum shows that a similar species of Chicken-blood stone produced in two places share the similar mineral component of quartz and carbonate mineral. All samples have a strong and wide absorption band of 1 086, 1 167 cm^-1 caused by the anti-symmetric stretching vibration of Si—O—Si, and the infrared absorption peaks of 798, 779, 694, 512 and 462 cm^-1 belonging to the symmetric stretching vibration of Si—O band. All the above absorption peaks are attributed to quartz. Infrared spectra of dolomite of 727, 881, 1 444 cm^-1 were obtained in Xi’an samples. Yunnan samples have infrared spectra of calcite of 712, 876, 1 427, 1 789 cm^-1. Calcite and dolomite are calcite group minerals. Their infrared spectra are composed of the vibration mode of carbonate ions and the lattice vibration mode. Their peak positions are slightly different, but the basic contour and assignment are the same. 712~727 cm^-1 is the in-plane bending vibration absorption peak of [CO₃]^2-, 876~881 cm^-1 is the out-plane bending vibration absorption peak of [CO₃]^2-, and the peaks of 1 427~1 444 cm^-1 are attributed to the anti-symmetric stretching vibration of [CO₃]^2-. Some samples containing clay minerals have the vibration peak of OH in the functional area of IR. (4) Raman spectrum test shows that the “Blood” of the samples from Xi’an and Yunnan is cinnabar, with a Raman shift of 254, 290, 350 cm^-1. The black mineral in Xi’an sample is stibnite with Raman shift of 147, 191, 252, 452 cm^-1. Raman spectra of “Di” accord with the results of the infrared spectrum. Samples from Xi’an and Yunnan have the characteristic Raman shift of quartz in 464 cm^-1. In Xi’an sample, there is Raman shift of dolomite of 1 097, 725, 338, 299 cm^-1while in Yunnan sample. There is Raman shift of calcite of 1 087, 713 and 282 cm^-1. Because there are clay minerals in the similar species of Chicken-blood stone, the identification of Chicken-blood stone cannot simply depend on whether it contains clay minerals.

Key words：The similar species of Chicken-blood stone; Mineralogical characteristic; IR spectra; Raman spectra

收稿日期: 2019-09-05 修订日期: 2020-02-03

中图分类号:

P575.4

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFF0215403），国家自然科学基金项目（41572033），中国地质大学（武汉）珠宝检测技术创新中心开放基金项目（CIGTXM-S201836）资助

通讯作者: 陈涛 E-mail: summerjewelry@163.com

作者简介: 陈倩，女，1992年生，中国地质大学（武汉）珠宝学院硕士研究生 e-mail：qianchen@cug.edu.cn

引用本文:

陈倩，陈涛，严雪俊，王朝文，郑金宇，李梦阳. 鸡血石相似品种的矿物学及谱学研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2020, 40(10): 3179-3184.
CHEN Qian, CHEN Tao, YAN Xue-jun, WANG Chao-wen, ZHENG Jin-yu, LI Meng-yang. Mineralogical and Spectroscopic Study on the Similar Species of Chicken-Blood Stone. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2020, 40(10): 3179-3184.

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https://www.gpxygpfx.com/CN/10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2020)10-3179-06 或 https://www.gpxygpfx.com/CN/Y2020/V40/I10/3179