Development of Multi-Cultivar Universal Model for Soluble Solid Content of Apple Online Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy
LIU Yan-de, XU Hai, SUN Xu-dong, JIANG Xiao-gang, RAO Yu, ZHANG Yu
School of Mechatronics & Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Fruit Intelligent Photoelectric Detection Technology and Equipment, Nanchang 330013, China
Abstract：Cultivar variability influences the near-infrared modeling and analysis of the internal quality of the fruit due to the different cell structure, composition and optical transmission characteristics of the fruit so that the original model can not predict the fruit quality parameters with high precision. The feasibility of a multi-cultivar model’s development for the online determination of the internal quality of apple including “Candy Heart”, “Red Fuji” and “Crystal Fuji” was investigated. Near infrared diffuse transmittance spectra of each cultivar were collected by the fruit sorting equipment under the condition of the interval time of 100 ms and motion speed of 5 s-1. The spectral curves of all the cultivars were similar where the prominent absorption peaks were near 650, 709 and 810 nm, and troughs were near 670, 750 and 830 nm, and their variations were mainly reflected in the spectral absorption intensity. The spectral pre-process methods including multiplicative scatter correction, Savitzky-Golay smoothing and normalization were employed to filter out the variations in signals caused by the cultivars. Partial least squares regression method was used to establish the common model for the soluble solid content where the calibration sets of the total samples were combined. Uninformative variable elimination was used to select the modeling variables whose number of effective variables selected was 155, and the performance of the UVE-PLS model resulted in greater coefficient of determination for prediction of 0.80, lower root mean square error of 0.61% and higher residual prediction deviation of 2.21. Successive projections algorithm was employed to select the variables in the wavelengths selected by UVE and the number of variables selected was 22. Multivariable linear regression was used to establish the simplified model, which resulted in coefficient of determination for prediction of 0.78 and root mean square error of prediction of 0.64%. The test sets of all the cultivars were used to access the performance of best universal model, which resulted in latent variables of 6~10, coefficient of determination for prediction of 0.77~0.79 and root mean square error of 0.45%~0.75%. The results highlighted the potential of dynamic on-line sorting instruments for the testing of internal qualities of apples. The prediction range of the single cultivar model was expanded, and the robustness of prediction model among different cultivars were improved by establishing the common model. Appropriate variable selection methods can decrease the number of model variables, reduce the complexity of the model and ultimately increase the model rate. The development of the universal model of different cultivars for predicting internal quality has a good potential application in wavelength-limited near infrared spectroscopy equipment.
Key words：Detection online; Near infrared spectroscopy; Universal model; Partial least squares; Uninformative variable elimination; Apple; Soluble solid content
刘燕德，徐 海，孙旭东，姜小刚，饶 宇，张 雨. 不同品种苹果糖度近红外光谱在线检测通用模型研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2020, 40(03): 922-928.
LIU Yan-de, XU Hai, SUN Xu-dong, JIANG Xiao-gang, RAO Yu, ZHANG Yu. Development of Multi-Cultivar Universal Model for Soluble Solid Content of Apple Online Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2020, 40(03): 922-928.
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