液体酸对碱溶酸析法提取泥炭腐植酸光谱学变化特征的影响

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2020)02-0574-05

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摘要：研究不同液体酸酸析对碱溶酸析法提取腐植酸的光谱学特性的影响，进而优选酸析液体酸，解析泥炭甲烷发酵、腐植酸提取耦合的泥炭利用新工艺机理。泥炭甲烷发酵，将发酵后泥炭残渣和未发酵的泥炭，采用碱溶酸析法提取腐植酸，提取时采用不同液体酸酸析，对得到的腐植酸进行傅里叶红外光谱分析、荧光光谱分析、E₄/E₆的表征。碱溶酸析法提取泥炭腐植酸，PHA1腐植酸产率最高，PHA2腐植酸产率有所降低。PHA1和PHA2硝酸酸析腐植酸产率为45.30%和35.00%，且硝酸酸析腐植酸纯度较大，PHA1是54.83 mg·L^-1，PHA2为61.03 mg·L^-1，综合产率与纯度，硝酸是碱溶酸析法提取泥炭腐植酸的最佳液体酸。傅里叶红外光谱分析显示，硝酸酸析得到的腐植酸含O—H基团最多，存在较多的脂肪碳链结构、烷基、醇羟基。PHA1和PHA2腐植酸的红外谱图相似，PHA1腐植酸饱和碳明显高于PHA2，PHA2腐植酸羰基、苯环较多。三键和累积双键、羟基、PHA1和PHA2差别不大。荧光光谱分析表明，泥炭腐植酸均在450 nm附近出现峰值，以PHA1腐植酸峰值最高，PHA2峰值最低。磷酸酸析腐植酸峰值最高，硝酸酸析峰值次之，表明不同液体酸酸析得到的腐植酸官能团数目不同。E₄/E₆分析显示，PHA1腐植酸的E₄/E₆比值均较大，芳香缩合程度低，发酵后PHA2的E₄/E₆均降低，芳香缩合程度高。表明甲烷发酵会消耗低芳香缩合度的腐植酸，而复杂芳香结构无法被降解，提取的腐植酸芳香缩合程度明显增大。碱溶酸析法提取泥炭腐植酸光谱学变化特征研究表明，不同液体酸、甲烷发酵对碱溶酸析法提取泥炭腐植酸产率、纯度、官能团有明显影响，泥炭联产甲烷和腐植酸的工艺可行。

关键词：碱溶酸析法；液体酸；泥炭；腐植酸；光谱学特性

Abstract：Effects of different liquid acid precipitation on the spectral characteristics of humic acid extracted by alkali solution acid precipitation method were studied to select the preferable liquid acid, and analyze the mechanism of new process of peat combined production by methane fermentation and humic acid extraction. Used the peat for methane fermentation, then adopted the alkali extraction acid precipitation method by different liquid acids to extract humic acid from fermented peat residue and unfermented peat. Finally, the humic acid was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, fluorescence spectrum analysis and E₄/E₆ analysis. The results of extracting peat humic acid showed that the yield of humic acid the PHA1 was the highest, the PHA2 was somewhat lower. The yields of humic acid from PHA1, PHA2 precipitated by nitric acid were 45.30%, 35.00%. And the purity of humic acid precipitated by nitric acid was higher, which in PHA1 was 54.83 mg·L^-1, and in PHA2 was 61.03 mg·L^-1. Considering the yield and purity, nitric acid was the best liquid acid for extracting peat humic acid by alkali-extraction acid-precipitation method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that the humic acid by nitric acid precipitation contained the most O—H groups, and there were more fatty carbon chain structure, alkyl and alcohol hydroxyl groups. The infrared spectra of humic acids obtained from PHA1 and PHA2 were similar. There was little difference between the triple bond,the cumulative double bond and hydroxyl groups of PHA1 and PHA2. The fluorescence spectrum analysis showed that the humic acid from peat had a peak value of about 450 nm, the peak value of PHA1 humic acid was the highest, and that of the PHA2 was the lowest. The peak value of phosphate acid precipitation humic acid was the highest, followed by nitric acid, indicating that the number of humic acid functional groups obtained by different liquid acid precipitation was different. The results of E₄/E₆ analysis showed that the E₄/E₆ ratio of PHA1 humic acid was higher and the degree of aromatic condensation was lower. After fermentation, the E₄/E₆ of PHA2 decreased, the degree of aromatic condensation was higher. Therefore, methane fermentation could consume more humic acid with low aromatic condensation degree, but the complex aromatic structure could not be degraded, and the aromatic condensation degree of extracted humic acid was obviously increased. Study on the characteristics of the spectroscopic changes in the extraction of peat humic acid by alkali-extraction acid-precipitation method showed that different liquid acids and methane fermentation have obvious effects on the yield, purity and functional groups of peat humic acid by alkali-extraction acid-precipitation method. The process of co-production of methane and humic acid from peat is feasible.

Key words：Alkali-extraction acid-precipitation method; Liquid acid; Peat; Humic acid; Spectroscopic characteristics

收稿日期: 2019-09-29 修订日期: 2019-12-30

中图分类号:

O657.3

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目(21766025)，内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2017MS(LH)0210)，内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY17166)，教育部“春晖计划”合作科研项目(2018042)，内蒙古科技大学产学研合作培育基金项目(PY-201507)资助

通讯作者: 马力通 E-mail: mlt0916@126.com

作者简介: 路亚楠，女，1996年生，内蒙古科技大学化学与化工学院硕士研究生 e-mail：1422021803@qq.com

引用本文:

路亚楠，王晓霞，马力通. 液体酸对碱溶酸析法提取泥炭腐植酸光谱学变化特征的影响[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2020, 40(02): 574-578.
LU Ya-nan, WANG Xiao-xia, MA Li-tong. Effects of Liquid Acid on the Spectral Characteristics During Peat Humic Acid Extracted by Alkali-Extraction Acid-Precipitation Method. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2020, 40(02): 574-578.

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