移动床生物膜技术处理校园污水过程中DOM的光谱特征

引用本文

周明罗, 陈海焱, 谌书, 王彬, 周日宇, 郑睿. 移动床生物膜技术处理校园污水过程中DOM的光谱特征[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2019,39(7): 2160-2165.
ZHOU Ming-luo, CHEN Hai-yan, CHEN Shu, WANG Bin, ZHOU Ri-yu, ZHENG Rui. Spectral Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter in Moving Bed Bio-Film Reactor Process for Treating Campus Sewage[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2019,39(7): 2160-2165.
Doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2019)07-2160-06 复制到剪切板

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移动床生物膜技术处理校园污水过程中DOM的光谱特征

周明罗^1,², 陈海焱^1,^3,^*, 谌书^1,³, 王彬^1,³, 周日宇¹, 郑睿¹

1. 西南科技大学环境与资源学院, 四川绵阳 621010

2. 宜宾学院资源与环境工程学院, 四川宜宾 644007

3. 西南科技大学国家城市污水处理及资源化工程技术研究中心, 四川绵阳 621010

*通讯联系人 e-mail: chenhai-yan@163.com

作者简介: 周明罗, 1977年生, 西南科技大学环境与资源学院博士研究生 e-mail: zhming29@126.com

收稿日期: 2018-05-29 接受日期: 2018-11-06

基金: 国家自然科学基金项目(41403081), 四川省科技厅国际合作项目(2016HH0086), 四川省科技重点研发项目(2017SZ0178), 四川省教育厅重点项目(18ZA0500)资助

摘要

研究了厌氧-缺氧-好氧移动床生物膜(MBBR)工艺对校园污水的处理效果, 采用三维荧光光谱和紫外光谱分析了污水处理过程中溶解性有机物(DOM)的降解特性及其组成特征。结果表明, MBBR对校园污水具有较好的去除效果, COD, NH₃-N, TN, TP和DOC的去除率分别达到83.0%, 70.9%, 52.4%, 59.2%和62.2%。三维荧光光谱显示有3个明显的特征荧光峰, 其中心位置分别在E_x/E_m=230 nm/325 nm(T峰)、 E_x/E_m=280 nm/350 nm(S峰)、 E_x/E_m=350 nm/440 nm(R峰)附近, 污水中荧光类溶解性有机物主要包括类色氨酸(Trp)、类溶解性微生物代谢产物(SMP)和类腐殖酸(HA)。 DOM特征荧光峰的中心位置及荧光强度随处理流程而变, 说明污水中DOM的组成和相对含量经MBBR处理后发生变化。其中, 类色氨酸、类溶解性微生物代谢产物荧光特征峰近乎消失, 表明MBBR对这两类有机物质去除效果显著; 溶解性微生物代谢产物荧光强度在厌氧池、缺氧池、好氧池分别为进水的37.1%, 20.3%, 13.1%, 表明MBBR的各生化阶段, 微生物均能很好的降解SMP; 但类腐殖酸(R峰)荧光强度降低较小, 微生物对类腐殖酸总的去除效果不明显。在MBBR工艺流程中, DOM腐殖化指数HIX、荧光指数FI、生物源指数BIX均逐渐增大, 微生物对有机污染物降解起到了关键作用。其中, HIX值在缺氧池、好氧池、出水中增大到4以上, 经MBBR处理后, DOM腐殖化程度和成熟度逐渐增加; 缺氧池、好氧池及出水的荧光FI值接近1.9(分别为1.899, 1.881, 1.887), 说明其中类腐殖质有机物主要源于微生物代谢活动; 缺氧池、好氧池及出水中DOM的 BIX值约为1.0(依次为0.985, 1.018, 0.979), 说明缺氧池、好氧池及出水中DOM也主要源于微生物代谢或死亡。污水的紫外特征值 E₂₅₀ /E₃₆₅随工艺流程逐渐减小、 SUVA₂₅₄不断增大, 表明经MBBR处理后, 污水中DOM类型和含量均发生了较大变化, 有机物的共轭不饱和双键或芳香性基团增多, 聚合度、腐殖化程度、分子质量增大。

关键词: 溶解性有机物; 移动床生物膜; 三维荧光; 紫外光谱; 校园污水

中图分类号:O657.3 文献标志码:A

Spectral Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter in Moving Bed Bio-Film Reactor Process for Treating Campus Sewage

ZHOU Ming-luo^1,², CHEN Hai-yan^1,^3,^*, CHEN Shu^1,³, WANG Bin^1,³, ZHOU Ri-yu¹, ZHENG Rui¹

1. School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China

2. College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644007, China

3. National Research Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China

Abstract

The anaerobic-anoxic-oxic moving bed bio-film reactor(MBBR) process was used to treat campus sewage, and the removal efficiencies of main pollutants were studied in this paper. The composition and transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in wastewater were analyzed with three-dimensional fluorescence spectra and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The results showed that the MBBR process had good purification effect on contaminants. The removal rate of COD, NH₃-N, TN, TP and DOC had reached 83.0%, 70.9%, 52.4%, 59.2% and 62.2%, respectively. Moreover, there were three dominant peaks in the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrogram, and their central locations were near E_x/E_m=230/325 nm(peak T), E_x/E_m=280/350 nm(peak S) and E_x/E_m=350/440 nm(peak R), respectively. The main fluorescent material in sewage included tryptophan (Trp), soluble microbial products (SMP) and humic acid (HA). The central position and fluorescence intensity of the peaks had changed along the MBBR process, indicating that the composition and concentration of DOM vary with the treatment process. The peaks of Trp and SMP almost disappeared after treatment, which revealed that MBBR process has remarkable effect on the removal of proteinoid. Meanwhile the fluorescence intensity of SMP in anaerobic tank, anoxic tank and oxic tank decreased to 37.1%, 20.3% and 13.1%, respectively, showing that the microorganism can well decompose SMP in each biochemical stage of the MBBR process. However, the fluorescence intensity of HA decreased slightly, and the process seemed to be ineffective on removing of humic acid. In addition, the vales of HIX, FI and BIX had gradually increased and the metabolism of microorganisms played an important role in the degradation of contaminants in the MBBR process. The humification and maturity of DOM had gradually enhanced with HIX during MBBR process. The FI values of wastewater from anoxic tank, oxic tank and effluent were about 1.9 (1.899, 1.881, 1.887, respectively), implying that the humus organic compounds in sewage were mainly derived from microbial metabolic activities. And the BIX values of DOM in anoxic pond, oxic pond and effluent were around 1.0 (0.985, 1.018, 0.979, respectively), indicating that other DOM in wastewater were also mainly caused by microbial metabolism. Besides, the value of E₂₅₀/ E₃₆₅ had decreased gradually along the process but SUVA254 had risen continuously, which illuminated that the composition and content of DOM in sewage had changed significantly after being treated by the MBBR process. And the conjugate unsaturated double bonds of organic matter had increased, as well as the degree of polymerization, humification and molecular mass.

Keyword: Dissolved organic matter; Moving bed bio-film reactor; Three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum; Ultraviolet spectroscopy; Campus sewage

文章图片

引言

厌氧-缺氧-好氧移动床生物膜工艺(moving bed bio-film reactor, MBBR)是通过向生化反应池中投加悬浮填料作为微生物生长的载体, 并借助水力作用, 使污水与生物膜充分接触, 从而吸附、降解、净化污染物的一种污水处理技术。该工艺有效地结合了活性污泥和生物膜两种生物方法的优势, 具有微生物丰富、处理能力高、耐冲击负荷强等特点, 受到了国内外的广泛关注^{[1, 2, 3]}。近年来, MBBR在污水厂升级改造、一体化集约型污水处理装置等方面得到了推广应用。

对MBBR的研究主要集中在悬浮填料改性、挂膜特性、污染物去除效果、生物膜微生物群落结构等方面^{[4, 5, 6]}, 对该工艺处理污水过程中溶解性有机物 (dissolved organic matter, DOM) 的降解特性及其组成特征却少有关注。然而, DOM对污水中污染物的去除、填料上生物膜数量及微生物活性都起着重要作用, 是影响MBBR处理效果的关键因素。校园污水中DOM成份复杂, 其组成及含量变化较大, 传统的污染物指标, 如化学需氧量(COD)、五日生化需氧量(BOD₅)、总有机碳(TOC)等只能反映有机物总量, 无法表征DOM成份。采用合适的分析方法揭示处理过程中DOM的组成和降解特性, 对MBBR工艺性能评价及开发应用具有重要意义。近年来, 三维荧光光谱和紫外光谱已成为分析DOM特征的重要手段。其中, 三维荧光光谱法能反映有机物的类型与性质, 具有不破坏样品结构、灵敏度高、选择性好等优点, 已被广泛用于城市污水处理厂、生活污水、工业废水中DOM的分析研究^{[7, 8, 9]}; 紫外光谱可用于有机质中共轭体系及芳环结构的定性和定量分析^[10]。

本研究选用MBBR处理校园污水, 结合污染物去除效果和特点, 采用三维荧光光谱和紫外光谱技术, 对校园污水处理过程中DOM类型、组成、含量的变化特征进行分析, 为MBBR工艺降解有机物的深入研究及在污水处理中的应用提供科学参考。

1 实验部分

1.1 试验装置及运行

试验采用MBBR处理校园污水, 沿处理流程共设5个取样点, 依次为: 进水、厌氧池、缺氧池、好氧池和出水。工艺流程及取样位置见图1。

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	图1 工艺流程图 1: 厌氧池; 2: 缺氧池; 3: 好氧池; 4: 沉淀池; 5: 进水泵; 6: 回流泵; 7: 空气泵; 8: 流量计; 9: 悬浮填料Fig.1 Flowchart of MBBR Process 1: Anaerobic tank; 2: Anoxic tank; 3; Oxic tank; 4: Settling tank; 5: Influent pump; 6: Return sludge pump; 7: Air pump; 8: Flowmeter; 9: Suspended carrier

厌氧池、缺氧池、好氧池有效容积分别为0.13, 0.17和0.42 m³, 好氧池中投加25%(V/V)聚丙烯悬浮填料(ϕ × h=10× 8 mm, 内设5个支撑片, 比表面积670 m²· m^-3、密度0.93 g· cm^-3)。试验用水引自西南科技大学污水处理厂配水井, 污水主要为校园和周边居民区排水, 主要污染物浓度见表1。试验从2017年9月底连续进行到2018年2月, 稳定运行期间主要工艺参数如下: 水力停留时间(HRT)8.4 h, 进水量(50± 5) L· h^-1, 溶解氧(DO)浓度1.9~4.3 mg· L^-1, 污泥回流比50%~70%, 循环液回流比270%~330%, 好氧池活性污泥浓度(MLSS)2 065~2 580 mg· L^-1。

表1 进水中污染物浓度 Table 1 Pollutants concentration of influent

1.2 分析方法

三维荧光光谱: 水样经0.45 μ m滤膜预处理、稀释10倍后, 用QuantMaster-40荧光光谱仪(加拿大PTI公司)表征, 扫描范围激发波长E_x=220~450 nm, 发射波长E_m=250~550 nm, 狭缝宽度5 nm, 响应时间0.1s, 重复扫描50次。

紫外光谱: 水样经0.45 μ m滤膜过滤后, 利用Evolution300型紫外-可见吸收分光光度计(美国Thermo公司)进行表征, 扫描波长200~400 nm, 扫描间隔1 nm。

化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH₃-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)采用国家标准分析方法, 参照《水和废水监测分析方法》(第四版); 溶解性总有机碳(DOC), 水样经0.45 μ m滤膜过滤后, 用总有机碳分析仪(Liqui TOCII, 德国Elementar公司)测定; 硝酸根离子(N $O_{3}^{-}$ )、亚硝酸根离子(N $O_{2}^{-}$ )、氯离子(Cl^-)、磷酸根离子(P $O_{4}^{3 -}$ )经0.45 μ m滤膜过滤后用离子色谱仪(ICS-900, 美国Thermo公司)测定。

2 结果与讨论

2.1 污染物去除效果

试验期间, 进出水COD, NH₃-N, TN, TP每3~4 d取样分析1次, 结果见图2。系统运行稳定后, 对各取样点DOC及主要阴离子每7 d检测一次, 均值列于表2。

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	图2 污染物去除效果Fig.2 Removal efficiency of pollutants

表2 各取样点水质指标 Table 2 Water quality parameters of different sampling points

取样点	DOC/ (mg· L^-1)	N $O_{3}^{-}$ / (mg· L^-1)	N $O_{2}^{-}$ / (mg· L^-1)	Cl^-/ (mg· L^-1)	P $O_{4}^{3 -}$ / (mg· L^-1)
进水	48.2	3.95	0.60	48.9	17.7
厌氧池	33.8	3.24	0.53	52.3	10.5
缺氧池	24.4	2.41	0.57	53.1	12.5
好氧池	19.7	45.9	1.37	53.6	8.97
出水	18.2	13.6	2.23	52.7	15.9

表2 各取样点水质指标 Table 2 Water quality parameters of different sampling points

由图2可知, 系统启动和挂膜期间COD和NH₃-N出水浓度逐渐降低, 去除效果不断提高。 26 d后, COD和NH₃-N去除效果基本稳定, COD平均去除率83.0%、出水浓度38.6~66.4 mg· L^-1, NH₃-N平均去除率70.9%, 出水浓度8.82~12.3 mg· L^-1。挂膜、启动成功后, TN平均去除率52.4%、出水浓度16.5~27.1 mg· L^-1, TP平均去除率59.2%、出水浓度1.03~2.69 mg· L^-1。以上结果说明MBBR工艺对COD和NH₃-N具有良好的处理效果, 同时能较好的去除TN和TP。由于进水中污染物浓度波动较大(见表1), 可知MBBR具有较高的抗冲击能力, 这与系统中存在大量微生物有关。表2数据说明, 校园污水经缺氧处理后, DOC浓度从48.2 mg· L^-1降到24.4 mg· L^-1, 去除率已超过50%, 再经好氧分解, 最终出水浓度为18.2 mg· L^-1, 总去除率达到62.2%。

2.2 三维荧光光谱特征

2.2.1 三维荧光光谱及DOM组成

系统稳定运行期间, 同一取样点不同时间的污水三维荧光光谱图差别较小, 以2018年1月18日水样的三维荧光光谱图(图3)和特征峰荧光强度(图4)为例分析。

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	图3 污水中DOM三维荧光光谱图 (a): 进水; (b): 厌氧池; (c): 缺氧池; (d): 好氧池; (e): 出水Fig.3 Three-dimensional fluorescence spectra for DOM in sewage (a): Influent; (b): Anaerobic tank; (c): Anoxic tank; (d): Oxic tank; (e): Enfluent

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	图4 特征峰荧光强度Fig.4 The fluorescence intensity of characteristic peak

由图3可以看出, 进水的三维荧光光谱呈现出3个明显的特征荧光峰, 中心位置分别在E_x/E_m=230 nm/325 nm(T峰)、 E_x/E_m=280 nm/350 nm(S峰)、 E_x/E_m=350 nm/440 nm(R峰)附近。其中, T峰为典型类蛋白色氨酸(Trp)荧光、 S峰为类蛋白溶解性微生物代谢产物(SMP)荧光、 R峰为类腐殖酸(HA)荧光。

由图3和图4可知, 污水中有机物特征荧光峰的中心位置及荧光强度均发生了明显改变, 说明校园污水中DOM的组成和相对含量经MBBR处理后变化。其中色氨酸和溶解性微生物代谢产物两种类蛋白荧光峰(T峰、 S峰)经厌氧处理后几乎消失, 说明MBBR对蛋白类有机物有显著的降解作用。这与蛋白类物质的易生物降解性有关, 在生物处理过程中经过微生物酶促作用, 部分转化成腐殖质等物质。溶解性微生物代谢产物荧光强度在厌氧段、缺氧段、好氧段分别为进水段的37.1%, 20.3%和13.1%, 表明在MBBR工艺中厌氧、缺氧、好氧生化阶段, 微生物均能很好的分解SMP。类腐殖酸特征荧光峰(R峰)范围及中心位置发生了明显变化[图3(c, d, e)], 表明在MBBR处理污水过程中腐殖酸种类及其相对含量都发生了改变; 但R峰荧光强度降低较小, 微生物对类腐殖酸总的去除效果不明显, 这与类腐殖酸分子结构复杂、化学性质较稳定、难以被微生物降解有密切关系。

2.2.2 DOM荧光特性分析

污水中DOM荧光特性参数: 腐殖化指数(humification index, HIX)、荧光指数(fluorescence index, FI)、生物源指数(biogenic index, BIX)见表3。据文献[11, 12]报道, HIX值表示激发波长E_x=254 nm处, 发射波长E_m在435~480和300~345 nm内的荧光强度积分值之比, 是表征DOM腐殖化程度和成熟度的指标, HIX< 4说明DOM腐殖化程度弱, HIX越大DOM腐殖化程度和成熟度越高、结构越复杂; FI是激发波长E_x=370 nm处, 发射波长E_m在450和500 nm处荧光强度的比值, 表征DOM中富里酸、腐殖酸等类腐殖质的来源, FI< 1.4表明类腐殖质主要源于陆源输入或受人为影响较大, FI> 1.9表明类腐殖质主要源于微生物代谢活动; BIX是激发波长E_x=310 nm处, 发射波长E_m在380和430 nm处荧光强度的比值, 反映DOM来源的相对贡献, 当BIX> 1时为微生物活动产生为主, 当BIX值为0.6~0.7时代表DOM属陆源性为主或受人为影响较大。

表3 污水荧光特性指数 Table 3 The fluorescence characteristic index of sewage

由表3可知, 腐殖化指数HIX值在缺氧池、好氧池、出水中均大于4(分别为5.56, 5.27和6.06), 表明在MBBR处理过程中, 微生物作用能明显改变污水DOM的组成, 使其腐殖化程度和成熟度逐渐增加, 这与三维荧光光谱图中类腐殖酸荧光峰范围及中心位置的变化相互印证。进水FI值为1.368小于1.4, 表明进水中类腐殖质有机物主要受人类活动影响较大, 而缺氧池、好氧池及出水的FI值接近1.9(分别为1.899, 1.881, 1.887), 说明污水中类腐殖质主要源于微生物代谢活动。缺氧池、好氧池及出水中DOM生物源指数BIX值约为1.0(依次为0.985, 1.018, 0.979), 说明缺氧段、好氧段及出水中DOM也主要源于微生物代谢或残体腐解。污水中DOM荧光特性参数HIX, FI, BIX沿处理流程而增大, 说明MBBR工艺中微生物对有机污染物降解起到了关键作用。

2.3 紫外光谱特征

DOM的紫外光谱特征与有机物的结构及性质密切相关, 250和365 nm处的吸光度之比(E₂₅₀/E₃₆₅)与DOM的腐殖化程度、芳香聚合度及相对分子质量呈负相关^[13]; UV-254常用来表征DOM中芳香性物质的含量; 特征紫外吸光度(SUVA₂₅₄)是254 nm处的平均吸光度与DOC浓度之比, 其大小可以反映有机物的腐殖化程度及芳香环有机物的相对含量, SUVA₂₅₄在4~5 L· (m· mg)^-1之间时, 水中有机物以腐殖性疏水性有机物为主, SUVA₂₅₄< 3 L· (m· mg)^-1时, 以非腐殖性、溶解性的有机物为主^[14]。本研究MBBR工艺处理校园污水过程中 DOM 的紫外特征值如表4所示。

表4 污水中DOM的紫外特征 Table 4 The characteristics of ultraviolet absorption of DOM

由表4可知, 紫外特征值E₂₅₀/E₃₆₅沿处理流程逐渐减小, 说明DOM腐殖化程度、相对分子质量逐渐增大, 这与荧光特性参数HIX指示结果一致。但是, SUVA₂₅₄逐渐增大, 出水SUVA₂₅₄为4.26 L· (m· mg)^-1, 表明有机物中共轭不饱和双键或芳香性基团含量增多, 芳香化程度增高。 E₂₅₀/E₃₆₅减小和SUVA₂₅₄增大, 说明在MBBR工艺中微生物对有机物降解起到了明显作用, 污水经处理后DOM 的共轭不饱和双键或芳香性基团增多, 聚合度、腐殖化程度、分子质量增大, 有机物类型和含量发生较大的变化, 进一步说明了特征荧光峰范围及中心位置发生变化的原因。

3 结论

移动床生物膜工艺对校园污水有较好的处理效果, COD, NH₃-N, TN, TP和DOC去除率分别达到83.0%, 70.9%, 52.4%, 59.2%和62.2%。

校园污水中主要含有类色氨酸、类溶解性微生物代谢产物和类腐殖酸3种荧光物质, 经MBBR工艺处理后, 色氨酸、微生物代谢产物等DOM被很好地降解, 而类腐殖酸等难生物降解有机物的去除效果不明显。缺氧池、好氧池及出水中类腐殖质和其他DOM均主要源于微生物代谢活动, 经MBBR工艺处理后, DOM的聚合度、腐殖化程度、分子质量不同程度增加, 微生物的分解对有机污染物去除起到了至关重要的作用。

参考文献

文献列表

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[5]	ZHENG Min, YANG Bo, WANG Cheng-wen, et al(郑敏, 杨波, 汪诚文, 等). China Environmental Science(中国环境科学), 2012, 32(10): 1778. [本文引用:1]
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[7]	JIN Wu-jisiguleng, XUE Shuang, WANG Zhi, et al(金乌吉斯古楞, 薛爽, 王智, 等). Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报), 2014, 34(9): 2298. [本文引用:1]
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2018

0.0

... 该工艺有效地结合了活性污泥和生物膜两种生物方法的优势, 具有微生物丰富、处理能力高、耐冲击负荷强等特点, 受到了国内外的广泛关注^[1,2,3] ...

2014

0.0

2015

0.0

YUAN

Quan

, WANG

Hai-yan

, LIU

Kai

, et al(苑泉, 王海燕, 刘凯, 等). Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报), 2015, 35(3): 713.

The moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) were used to remove the high concentration NO 3 - -N of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, and the MBBRs carriers were compared for denitrification. The results showed that good denitrification efficiency can be achieved with polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane foams and haydite carriers under the following conditions: 7.2 to 8.0 pH, 24℃ to 26℃ temperature, 12 h HRT, 25.5 mg·L -1 external methanol, WWTP effluent TN between 7.5 mg·L -1 and 13.3 mg·L -1 , and NO 3 - -N between 2.2 mg·L -1 and 12.4 mg·L -1 . The MBBR filled with polypropylene carriers had higher TN and NO 3 - -N removal rate (45.3% and 76.3%, respectively) than those with other kinds of carriers. The minimum effluent TN and NO 3 - -N of MBBR were 2.4 mg·L -1 and 0.2 mg·L -1 , and the maximum denitrification rate reached 10.6 g·m -2 ·d -1 . The three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix analysis showed that the influent and effluent of MBBRs mainly contained SMP and BOD 5 , which can be removed better by MBBRs with haydite and polypropylene carriers.

针对污水处理厂尾水中NO 3 - -N含量高的特点,采用移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)对其进行反硝化深度脱氮,并对填料效能进行比较.结果表明:在pH值为7.2~8.0、温度为24~26℃、HRT为12 h、甲醇投加量为25.5 mg·L -1 、填料填充率为30%、进水TN浓度为7.5~13.3 mg·L -1 、NO 3 - -N浓度为2.2~12.4 mg·L -1 的条件下,MBBR采用聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氨酯泡沫体和陶粒4种填料,均有较好的脱氮效能,其中,聚丙烯填料MBBR的脱氮效能最优,其TN、NO 3 - -N平均去除率分别达45.3%和76.3%,出水TN、NO 3 - -N最低为2.4 mg·L -1 和0.2 mg·L -1 ,最大反硝化速率可达10.6 g·m -2 ·d -1 (以NO 3 - -N计).三维荧光图谱分析表明,各填料MBBR进水和出水中均含有SMP和BOD 5 ,陶粒和聚丙烯填料MBBR对其去除效能较优.

2017

0.0

... 对MBBR的研究主要集中在悬浮填料改性、挂膜特性、污染物去除效果、生物膜微生物群落结构等方面^[4,5,6], 对该工艺处理污水过程中溶解性有机物 (dissolved organic matter, DOM) 的降解特性及其组成特征却少有关注 ...

2012

0.0

ZHENG

Min

, YANG

, WANG

Cheng-wen

, et al(郑敏, 杨波, 汪诚文, 等). China Environmental Science(中国环境科学), 2012, 32(10): 1778.

A combined pilot-scale MBBR process was used for treatment of the wastewater in the Buji River in Shenzhen city. The averaged influent and effluent ammonia nitrogen concentrations were (25.88±7.73) mg/L and (1.11±1.93)mg/L, respectively. The results of the single factor experiments show that the biofilm fillers enhanced the ammonia removal and increased the specific ammonia oxidation rate by 25.5% to activated sludge. The specific rate decreased from 2.55mg/(gMLVSS·h) to 1.91mg/(gMLVSS·h) with the COD increasing from 139mg/L to 587mg/L, decreased from 8.24mg/(gMLVSS·h) to 1.93mg/(gMLVSS·h) with the MLVSS increasing from 0.45g/L to 4.05g/L, increased from 0.99mg/(gMLVSS·h) to 2.89mg/(gMLVSS·h) with the temperature increasing from 5℃ to 35℃ and increased from 0.62mg/(gMLVSS·h) to 2.28mg/(gMLVSS·h) with the DO concentration increasing from 0.5mg/L to 4.0mg/L, respectively. However, the volume ammonia oxidation rate increased linearly from 3.68mg/(L·h) to 7.82mg/(L·h) with the increased MLVSS (R2 = 0.967). The Arrhenius experience equation was used to describe the influence of temperature (R2 = 0.970). The Monod equation fitted the process well (R2 = 0.994) and the estimated half saturation constant of ammonia oxidation was 3.0mg O2/L.

采用中试MBBR组合工艺处理深圳市布吉河道的城镇污水,进水平均氨氮浓度为(25.88±7.73)mg/L,出水平均为(1.11±1.93)mg/L.单因素小试研究表明,反应器中挂有生物膜的悬浮填料具有强化氨氮去除的效果,投加该填料时获得的比氨氧化速率比采用活性污泥进行反应提高了25.5%;试验条件下通过投加甲醇将COD从139mg/L提高至587mg/L,比氨氧化速率从2.55mg/(gMLVSS·h)下降至1.91mg/(gMLVSS·h);当MLVSS浓度从0.45g/L逐步提高到4.05g/L时,容积氨氧化速率从3.68mg/(L·h)线性增加至7.82mg/(L?h),拟合度R2为0.967,但比氨氧化速率随MLVSS浓度的提高反而逐渐下降,从8.24mg/(gMLVSS·h)降至1.93mg/(gMLVSS·h);当温度从5℃升高到35℃,比氨氧化速率从0.99mg/(gMLVSS·h)提高至2.89mg/(gMLVSS·h),采用Arrhenius经验方程描述时,拟合度R2为0.970;当DO浓度从0.5mg/L逐步增加至4.0mg/L时,比氨氧化速率从0.62mg/(gMLVSS·h)提高至2.28mg/(gMLVSS·h),Monod方程可以很好的描述DO浓度与比氨氧化速率之间的关系,拟合度R2为0.994,氨氧化半饱和常数值为3.0mg O2/L.

2012

0.0

2014

0.0

JIN

Wu-jisiguleng

, XUE

Shuang

, WANG

Zhi

, et al(金乌吉斯古楞, 薛爽, 王智, 等). Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报), 2014, 34(9): 2298.

The removals of dissolved organic matter and fluorescencent materials in wastewater treatment processes of the W wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Jinzhou were investigated, by means of three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence regional integration (FRI). DOM was fractionated using XAD resins into five fractions: hydrophobic acid (HPO-A), hydrophobic neutral (HPO-N), transphilic acid (TPI-A), transphilic neutral (TPI-N) and hydrophilic fraction (HPI). The results showed that HPO-A and HPI were major DOM fractions, and aromatic protein-and fulvic acid-like fluorophores dominated in fluorescent materials, in the influent of WWTP. Biodegradation was the dominating mechanism for the reductions of TPI-A and HPI, while advanced treatment processes (flocculation-sedimentation -filtration) were the primary removal mechanism for HPO-N and TPI-N, in WWTP.The reductions of HPO-A by biological and advanced treatment processes were close. On the other hand, the removals of TPI-N by biological and advanced treatment processes were insignificant. The removals of fluorescent materials in HPO-A、TPI-A and HPI by biological treatment processes were significant, whereas those in HPO-N and TPI-N were poor. The fluorescent materials in HPO-A and HPO-N were effectively removed by advanced treatment processes, while advanced treatment processes seemed to be ineffective in removing those in TPI-A, TPI-N and HPI.

以锦州市W污水处理厂为研究对象，利用三维荧光光谱分析技术和荧光区域积分（FRI）方法考察了城市污水处理过程中溶解性有机物及荧光物质的去除状况.利用XAD树脂将DOM分为5个部分：疏水性有机酸（HPO-A）、疏水性中性有机物（HPO-N）、过渡亲水性有机酸（TPI-A）、过渡亲水性中性有机物（TPI-N）和亲水性有机物（HPI）.结果表明，HPO-A和HPI是该污水处理厂进水中的主要DOM组分，并且DOM中的荧光物质主要为类芳香族蛋白质荧光物质和类富里酸荧光物质.在该污水处理厂内，生物降解作用是TPI-A和HPI的主要去除机制，HPO-N和TPI-N主要是由深度处理工艺（絮凝-沉淀-过滤）去除的，生物处理工艺和深度处理工艺对HPO-A的去除能力接近，而生物处理工艺和深度处理工艺对TPI-N的去除效果均较差.生物处理工艺对HPO-A、TPI-A和HPI中的荧光物质有较强的去除能力，而对HPO-N和TPI-N中荧光物质的去除效果较差.深度处理工艺能够有效去除HPO-A和HPO-N中的荧光物质，而对TPI-A、TPI-N和HPI中的荧光物质无明显去除作用.

... 其中, 三维荧光光谱法能反映有机物的类型与性质, 具有不破坏样品结构、灵敏度高、选择性好等优点, 已被广泛用于城市污水处理厂、生活污水、工业废水中DOM的分析研究^[7,8,9] ...

2011

0.0

2017

0.0

2015

0.0

... 紫外光谱可用于有机质中共轭体系及芳环结构的定性和定量分析^[10] ...

2009

0.0

... 据文献[11,12]报道, HIX值表示激发波长E_x=254 nm处, 发射波长E_m在435~480和300~345 nm内的荧光强度积分值之比, 是表征DOM腐殖化程度和成熟度的指标, HIX#cod#x0003C ...

2014

0.0

2014

0.0

CUI

Dong-yu

, HE

Xiao-song

, XI

Bei-dou

(崔东宇, 何小松, 席北斗). China Environmental Science(中国环境科学), 2014, 34(11): 2897.

UV-visible spectra, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and synchronous-scan fluorescence spectra were applied to investigate the structural characteristics and evolution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from cattle manure during the process of composting. The result from UV-visible spectra showed that, SUVA254 increased from 1.1614 at the initial stage to 2.543 at the curing stage, E465/E665 exhibited an upward trend with a variation range of 2.333~3.500, and the integration area within the range of 260~280 (A1), 460~480 (A2) and 600~700 nm (A3) all increased first then decreased with the maximum values at 26,14 in 14d, respectively. The result from the 1H-NMR analysis showed that, percentage of the integration area within the range of 0.5 ~ 3.1δ decreased from 43.06% to 8.63%, 3.1 ~ 5.5δ increased from 56.07% to 89.68%, and 5.5~10δ was below 6% with a insignificant variation tendency during composting. The analysis from synchronous-scan fluorescence spectra showed that, the integrated area ratio of protein-like substances (APLR) decreased from 0.331 to 0.252, that of fulvic-like acid matter (AFLR) increased from 0.325 to 0.336, while that of humic-like acid matter (AHLR) increased from 0.344 to 0.412 at the same time. The AFLR/APLR ratio and the fluorescence intensities of three peaks from synchronous-scan spectra exhibited an obvious correlation. In addition, significant correlation also observed between AHLR/AFLR ratio and I351/I284 and I382/I351 ratios. of DOM increased, the carbon structure In conclusion non-humic substances were transformed into humic matter during cattle manure composting, the aromaticitychains were oxidized, and the molecular weight of DOM increased, which increased the humification degree and stability of composts.

采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、1H-核磁共振(NMR)和同步荧光光谱,研究了牛粪堆肥水溶性有机物(DOM)的结构特征及其演化规律.紫外-可见吸收光谱分析显示,SUVA254由堆肥起始的1.161上升至堆肥结束的2.543;E465/E665在整个堆肥过程中呈现上升趋势,变化范围在2.333~3.500;260~280,460~480,600~700nm范围内的面积积分A1、A2和A3均呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,峰值分别出现在26,14, 14d.1H-NMR分析显示,堆肥0d到堆肥41d,0.5~3.1δ面积积分所占比例从43.06%下降至8.63%,3.1~5.5δ从56.07%上升至89.68%,5.5~10δ不足总体的6%且变化趋势不明显.同步荧光光谱结果显示,经过41d 的堆肥,蛋白质类物质区积分面积比例(APLR)由0.331下降到0.252,而富里酸类物质区积分面积比例(AFLR)由0.325增加到0.336,同时胡敏酸类物质区积分面积比例(AHLR)由0.344增加到0.412;AFLR/APLR比与同步荧光光谱3个荧光峰峰高存在显著相关性,AHLR/AFLR与两个荧光峰光强的比值I351/I284和I382/I351存在显著相关性.上述结果表明,随着堆肥进行, DOM中的非腐殖质物质转化为类腐殖质,同时其芳香性结构增多,碳链结构发生氧化反应,分子量从小变大,堆肥腐殖化程度加大,稳定度增加.

... 3 紫外光谱特征DOM的紫外光谱特征与有机物的结构及性质密切相关, 250和365 nm处的吸光度之比(E₂₅₀/E₃₆₅)与DOM的腐殖化程度、芳香聚合度及相对分子质量呈负相关^[13] ...

2014

0.0

... mg)^-1时, 以非腐殖性、溶解性的有机物为主^[14] ...